Table Of ContentZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 18(1): 25-47 3 JULY 2009
A study of the genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853
(Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllomorphinae)
A.V. GOROCHOV
A.V. Gorochov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034,
Russia; [email protected]
Twenty six species and subspecies of the genus Gryllomorpha are considered. Twelve of them
are included in the nominotypical subgenus: G. dalmatina dalmatina, G. d. schmidti stat. n.;
G. longicauda longicauda nom. resurr.; G. l. adspersa stat. n.; G. brevicauda brevicauda, G. b.
australis subsp. n.; G. b. borealis subsp. n.; G. occidentalis sp. n.; G. sovetica sp. n.; G. syriaca,
G. rufescens, G. maghzeni. Fiftheen taxa are soundly or tentatively included in the subgenus
Gryllomorphella: G. miramae miramae, G. m. guentheri, G. albanica, G. antalya sp. n., G. zonata
zonata, G. z. ifni subsp. n., G. robusta sp. n., G. ?canariensis, G. atlas sp. n., G. segregata sp. n.,
G. mira, G. uclensis uclensis, G. u. algeriana, G. u. ?pygmaea, G. sternlichti. Type material for the
majority of these species is briefly revised. Male copulatory structures for many species are
described and illustrated for the first time. Neotype for G. dalmatina and Acheta aptera as well
as a lectotype for Gryllomorpha zonata are designated.
Key words: Orthoptera, Gryllomorphinae, Gryllomorpha, new species, neotype designation
INTRODUCTION the above-mentioned catalogue by Eades
& Otte, but I only erected Baccetti’s group
The Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
Petaloptilae; see Gorochov, 1984a). The
is a rather small subfamily of the family
Petaloptilini includes 4 genera charac-
Gryllidae Laicharting, 1981. This subfam-
terized by the male genitalia with the not
ily is related to the subfamily Gryllinae and arched endoparameres (having long apo-
distributed from Mediterranean region to demes) and small spermatophore sac: Peta-
eastern part of Kazakhstan, northern part of loptila Pantel, 1890 (=Discoptila Pantel,
Iran, Western Sahara, and Canary Islands. 1890; see Gorochov, 2006) from Spain and
Including of some representatives from continental Italy, Acroneuroptila Baccetti,
Australia (Eurygryllodes Chopard, 1951; 1959 from Sardinia I., Glandulosa Harz,
Maluagryllus Otte, 1994), Europe (Eugryl- 1979 from Asia Minor, and Ovaliptila Goro-
lodes Chopard, 1927), and South America chov, 2006 from northern part of eastern
(Neogryllodes Otte, 1994) in this subfamily half of Mediterranean region. The Gryllo-
(Eades & Otte, 2009) is erroneous or ques- morphini contains the widely distributed
tionable. Eurygryllodes and probably Malu- genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 and pos-
agryllus belong to the primitive tribe Euryg- sibly the genus Hymenoptila Chopard, 1943
ryllodini Gorochov, 1990 of the subfamily from western part of North Africa and from
Gryllinae (Gorochov, 1990). Eugryllodes is Canary Islands (Kevan & Hsiung, 1992).
a typical representative of the tribe Gryllini These genera are characterized by the male
(Gorochov & Llorente, 2001). Neogryllodes genitalia with the arched endoparameres
is nomen nudum (no any generic descrip- (having short or almost absent apodemes)
tion), and this name is based on an insuffi- and large spermatophore sac.
ciently described species. One of main problems in taxonomy of
So, the Gryllomorphinae consists of Gryllomorpha is the absence of descriptions
only 2 dependable tribes: Gryllomorphini and illustrations of male genitalia for major-
and Petaloptilini Baccetti, 1959 (author- ity of its species, as the external structure in
ship of the latter tribe is ascribed to me in these species is often similar, and their body
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes
26 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA
size and coloration are rather variable. This DESCRIPTION
genus was divided into 2 subgenera (Goro-
Genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853
chov, 1984a): Gryllomorpha s. str. and Gryll-
omorphella Gorochov, 1984 (with G. mira-
Type species Acheta dalmatina Ocskay, 1832.
mae Medvedev, 1933 as a type species of the
Note. This genus is well known and
latter subgenus). Study of the new material
clearly distinguished from all the other gen-
on Gryllomorpha and of the old type mate-
era of Gryllomorphinae by the completely
rial from some museums allows me to find
apterous body and absence of any thoracic
a few additional characters for more dis-
gland. Male of this genus is also character-
tinct determination of several species and
ized by the bifurcate hind part of anal plate
subspecies. This study shows also that the
and some characters of genitalia: epiphal-
male genitalia in this genus are diverse, and
lus is with the V-shaped median proximal
Gryllomorpha is in need of division into
sclerite (sometimes this sclerite is partly
more than 2 subgenera. However the male
semimembranous or divided into 2 isolated
genitalia of many species of Gryllomorpha
lateral sclerites) and a pair of hind processes;
are unstudied up to now. It is a reason for
ectoparameres are well developed, very dif-
tentative inclusion of all studied species in
ferent in shape; spermatophore sac is large
only 2 old subgenera evidently reflected a
and often convoluted, and endopameres are
most ancient divergence of this genus.
arched and with the short or almost absent
The material considered here is depos-
apodemes (these structeres are similar to
ited at the following institutions: Zoologi-
those of Gryllinae, but this similarity is a
cal Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
result of convergence); guiding rod is partly
St.Petersburg (ZISP); Museo Nacional
semimembranous and provided with the
de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (MNCN);
more or less trifurcate sclerotization at the
Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de la Ville de
apex; hind part of genitalia has the trans-
Genève, Geneva (MHNG); Natural His- verse sclerite isolated from the other sclero-
tory Museum, London (BMNH); Museum tized parts (Figs 2-7).
für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, At present differences between the sub-
Berlin (MNHU); Naturhistorisches Muse- genera Gryllomorpha and Gryllomorphella
um, Wien (NHMW), Institute of Zoology, are insufficientlty clear: majority of species
Armenian Academy of Sciences, Yerevan belonging to Gryllomorpha s. str. differ from
(IZAS); Tavrida National University, Sim- majority of species of Gryllomorphella in the
feropol (TNUS); G.H. Schmidt’s collection, short ectoparameres, weakly trifurcate apex
Universität Hannover (SCUH). For the of guiding rod, and presence of a pair of long
loan of the material for this study, I wish to and narrow sclerotized ribbons behind lat-
thank Dr. V. Llorente and Dr. I. Izquierdo eral parts of guiding rod (for comparison see
(MNCN), Dr. B. Hauser (MHNG), the late Figs 2, a-c, e, g-i, k, n-p; 3, a-c, g-j, n-p, x; 4,
Dr. G.B. Popov and J. Marshall (BMNH), a-c and Figs 4, g-i, l-n, p-r; 5, a-c, d-f, j-l, o-q;
Dr. K.K. Günther and I. Dorandt (MNHU), 6, a-c). But there are some species with only
the late Dr. A. Kaltenbach (NHMW), the one of these characters (ectoparameres short,
late Dr. A.S. Avetyan (IZAS), Dr. I.V. Malt- as in Gryllomorpha s. str., but sclerotized
sev (TNUS), and Prof. G.H. Schmidt from ribbons absent, and guiding rod strongly
Hannover. This work is supported by the trifurcate, as in Gryllomorphella; Figs 6, f-h,
Russian Foundation for Basic Research k, l, o, p; 7, a-c, f, h-j, m-p, s). These species
(grant No. 07-04-00540) and partly based possibly belong to separate subgenera. It is
on collections of the Zoological Institute of necessary to note that a tentative inclusion
RAS, which obtain financial support from in the above-mentioned subgenera is given
Rosnauka for UFC no. 2-2.20. for only the species considered here; all the
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA 27
other species are in need of study of their First of them is distributed in eastern-
male genitalia (their subgeneric position is northern part of Mediterranean region:
very unclear). from Croatia to Abkhazia (presence of it in
Tbilisi and especially in Astrakhan Region is
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha) dalmatina in need of examination). Coloration of this
(Ocskay, 1832) subspecies is moderately light and distinct-
(Figs 1, a, b, c; 2, a-f) ly spotted: yellowish with numerous brown
and brownish spots (these spots are not
Material studied. Croatia: 1 male, 1 female, very large; Fig. 1, a). Its head is semiglobu-
“Trsteno Arboretum [not far from city Du-
lar, rather high, with the rostrum between
brovnik], Yugoslavia” (ZIAS); 2 nymphs, “Lesina
antennal cavities almost equal to scape in
[Hvar I.]”, 1904, Rolle (ZISP); 1 male, 1 female,
width, and with the maxillary palpi slen-
“Dalm. [Dalmatia]” (ZIAS). Ukraine: numerous
der; pronotum is slightly wider than head,
specimens from different localities in southern
part of Crimea (ZISP). Abkhazia, environs of transverse; legs are rather long; hind tibiae
city Sukhumi: 3 males, 10-30 Sept.1981, Marko- are with the distal outer spine and dorsal
syan (ZISP); 1 female, 10 Oct.1939, Bochkareva outer spur distinctly shorter than nearest
(ZISP); 2 nymphs, Aug. – Oct. 1911, Zajtsev spine and spur; hind basitarsus is not wid-
(ZISP); 3 nymphs, 11 June 1982, Gorochov
ened; shape of male anal and genital plates
(ZISP). Georgia: 1 nymph, city Tbilisi, 18 Apr.
are as in Figs 2, d, f; male genitalia (Figs 2,
1912, Pastukhova (ZISP). Russia: 1 female, As-
a-c) are with the hind epiphallic processes
trakhan Region, “Kyrgyz st. [step]”, Karuzin &
having the rather narrow dorsal apical lobe
Satunin (ZISP). Montenegro: 1 male, 2 nymphs,
lake Scadar [Skadarsko], 2 Sept. 1966, Bey- and more or less widened ventral apical lobe
Bienko (ZISP); 2 males, 2 females, 8 nymphs, (Fig. 2, c); ovipositor is 1.1-1.2 times as long
environs of town Sutomore, 1-2 Sept. 1966, Bey- as hind femur, and with the narrow acute
Bienko (ZISP); 2 females, same locality, 27 Sept. apical part of dorsal valvae directed only
1967, Matveyev (ZISP). Greece: 1 male, 1 fe- backwards (Fig. 1, b).
male, “Corfu [Kerkyra I.]”, 1866, Erber (ZISP).
Second subspecies is presented in Monte-
Italy: 4 males, 4 females, “Italien-Lasio, Umg.
negro and Western Greece. Possibly it is also
Sabaudia, Stranddüne bei Torre Paolo”, Sept.
characteristic for the entire southern part of
1980 (SCUH, ZISP); 2 females, “Mt. Saiano,
200-450 m, Makie, Nähe Sabaudia”, 2 Oct. 1967 Balkan Peninsula with the adjacent islands.
(SCUH, ZISP). It differs from the previous subspecies in the
The male from Trsteno Arboretum has hind epiphallic processes of male genitalia
additional labels: “Neotypus Acheta dalma- with the distinctly wider dorsal apical lobe
tina Ocsk., design. Gorochov”, “Neotypus and almost not widened ventral apical lobe
Acheta aptera Herr.-Sch., design. Goro- (Fig. 2, e), as well as in the ovipositor almost
chov”. Specimens from Italy are the type equal to hind femur in length (clearly shorter
series of G. schmidti Gorochov, 1996. than in the previous specimens).
Note. G. dalmatina is the largest species Third subspecies is known only from It-
of the genus Gryllomorpha. External mor- aly. It is distinguished from first and second
phology of G. dalmatina was described by ones by the distinctly smaller body, clearly
numerous authors (Saussure, 1877; Pantel, darker coloration (especially anterior part
1890; Chopard, 1943, 1951; etc.), and its of head; Fig. 1, c), slightly shorter legs
male genitalia were illustrated by Andreeva (length of hind femur is approximately 2.8
(1982), Gorochov (1984a), and some other times as great as width of head; in the both
authors. But some characters are not iden- previous subspecies, this ratio is 3-3.2),
tical in populations of this species from dif- and hardly shorter ovipositor (hind femur
ferent parts of Mediterranean region. The is almost 1.1 times as long as ovipositor).
material listed above allows one to divide The specimens from more western part of
this species into 3 subspecies at least. Europe and from Africa belonging (Goro-
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
28 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA
Figs 1, a-m. Gryllomorpha (a-f, k-m, Gryllomorpha s. str.; g-j, Gryllomorphella): a, b, G. dalmatina
dalmatina; c, G. d. schmidti, holotype; d, G. longicauda longicauda; e, G. l. adspersa; f, G. sovetica sp.
n., holotype; g, h, G. miramae miramae; i, j, G. antalya sp. n.; k, G. brevicauda australis subsp. n.; l,
G. b. borealis subsp. n.; m, G. occidentalis sp. n. Male head in front (a, c-g, i); distal part of ovipositor
from side (b, h, j-m). [a, c, after Gorochov, 1996; b, after Gorochov, 1984a]
chov, Llorente, 2001) or probably belonging There are two additional species names
(Chopard, 1943, 1951) to this species are in which may also belong to two subspecies
need of additional study for clarification of of G. dalmatina: G. cretensis Ramme, 1927
their subspecies position. (Greece: Crete I.) and G. schmidti Goro-
For these subspecies, there are several chov, 1996 (Italy). Correct usage of these
names which were synonymized with G. dal- names for the three above-mentioned sub-
matina by the different authors: Acheta dal- species is impossible without designation of
matina Ocskay, 1832 (“Dalmatia”); Acheta neotype for the two first synonyms (their
aptera Herrich-Schaffer, 1838 (“Ragusa” original descriptions are insufficient for
[city Dubrovnik in Dalmatia or province subspecies determination, and their types
and town in Italy]), synonymized by Fieber are almost undoubtedly lost), as the origi-
(1853: 236); Gryllomorpha fasciata Fieber, nal type locality of dalmatina (“Dalmatia”)
1853 (Switzerland), synonymized by Chop- is very wide (from Croatia to Montenegro)
ard (1967: 154); Gryllomorpha pieperi Harz, and includes territories with two subspe-
1979 (Greece: Kos I.), synonymized by Bac- cies (the first and the second ones), and the
cetti (1992: 254); Gryllomorpha dalmatina original type locality of aptera (“Ragusa”)
strumae Andreeva, 1982 (Bulgaria), synony- may be situated in Dalmatia (Ragusa is one
mized by Gorochov & Llorente (2001: 102). of old names of city Dubrovnik) or in Ital-
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA 29
Figs 2, a-s. Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha), male: a-d, G. dalmatina dalmatina, Crimea; e, f, G. dalma-
tina ssp., Montenegro; g-j, G. longicauda longicauda; k-m, G. l. adspersa; n-s, G. brevicauda australis
subsp. n., holotype. Genitalia from above (a, g, n), from below (b), and from side (c, i, p); same, but
without proximal parts from below (h, o) and from side (e, k); anal plate from above (d, j, m, s);
genital plate from side (f, l, r); hind basitarsus from side (q). [a-d, after Gorochov, 1984a; k, after
Gorochov & Llorente, 2001]
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
30 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA
ian province Ragusa; in first case, the name type locality for subspecies of G. dalmatina
aptera belongs to the first subspecies, but (see above), but not as an end in itself and as
in second one, this name may belong to the a matter of curatorial routine; 75.3.1 – the
third subspecies. neotype is designated as a result of excep-
So, for an exact fixation of synonymy tional need in more exact determination of
of dalmatina Ocskay, 1832 and aptera Her- type locality of these taxa for clarification
rich-Schaffer, 1838, I designate here the of the status of their names necessary for
same specimen as a neotype for two these division of G. dalmatina into 3 subspecies,
names. It is a male from Croatia (environs as the original type locality of dalmatina
of Dubrovnik City) deposited in ZISP and (“Dalmatia”) is very wide (from Croatia to
having the labels listed in “Material stud- Montenegro) and includes territories with
ied”. As a result of this action, the name dal- 2 subspecies, the original type locality of
matina is fixed for the first subspecies, the aptera (“Ragusa”) may be situated in Dal-
name aptera is fixed as a junior objective matia (Ragusa is one of old names of city
synonym of G. d. dalmatina, and the name Dubrovnik) or in Italian province Ragusa
schmidti is considered a name of the third (in first case, the name aptera belongs to
(Italian) subspecies (status of G. schmidti is one subspecies, but in second one, this name
here changed for the subspecific one: G. dal- may belong to another subspecies), and the
matina schmidti Gorochov, 1996, stat. n.). original descriptions of both these taxa are
But the second subspecies distributed in insufficient for subspecies determination;
Montenegro and Western Greece (and pos- 75.3.2 – the characters distinguished G. d.
sibly in southern half of Balkan Peninsula dalmatina from other known subspecies are
and nearest islands) is now without correct given above (see characteristic of “first sub-
name, as there are a few names belonging to species”); 75.3.3 – the information about
not very sufficiently described specimens the specimen, designated here as a neo-
from different localities of Balkan Penin- type, is given above in the section “Mate-
sula and Greece: strumae (Bulgaria), pieperi rial studied”; 75.3.4 – during long time, the
(Kos I.), cretensis (Crete I.); for decision of types of dalmatina and aptera, judging by
this problem, it is necessary to do a special the authors of the recent cricket catalogues,
investigation including examination of an were considered lost (Otte, 1994; Eades &
additional material from these localities. Otte, 2009), and, moreover, the author of
The similar problem presents in relation this paper received the personal communi-
to the name fasciata supposed for crickets cation from the late Dr. К. Harz that he had
from Switzerland and synonymized with numerous contacts with curators of differ-
dalmatina; this name may be also one of ent European museums during his work on
synonyms of G. d. dalmatina, but it is pre- Orthoptera of Europe, and he cannot find
maturely to synonymize these names before these types (these informations allow me
establishment of presence of this subspecies to consider them really lost); 75.3.5 – the
in this country. characters of neotype here designated is in
The above-mentioned neotype for both accordance to the original descriptions of
“Acheta dalmatina” and “Acheta aptera” is both dalmatina and aptera, and its locality
designated in accordance to the article 75 of is in accordance (dalmatina) or probably in
the recent International Code of Zoological accordance (aptera) to those of these taxa
Nomenclature (International Commission (“Dalmatia” and “Ragusa” respectively);
on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) and to 75.3.6 – the locality of neotype is in envi-
all its requests and recommendations (para- rons of city Dubrovnik (former Ragusa)
graphs 75.2, 75.3, 75.A, and 75.B): 75.2 – situated almost in central part of historic
the purpose of designation of this neotype region “Dalmatia”; 75.3.7 – the neotype is
is clarifying the taxonomic status and the deposited in the collection of ZIAS (Zoo-
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA 31
logical Institute, Russian Academy of Sci- in the body size and coloration (which is
ences) which is one of biggest scientific rather dark; Fig. 1, d), but its body is small-
zoological institutions having rich type er than in G. d. dalmatina, and its color-
collections; 75.A – the types are evidently ation is lighter than in the latter subspecies.
lost (see 75.3.4 here), and the neotype may Main differences of G. l. longicauda from the
be considered topotypical to lost types (see both subspecies of G. dalmatina consist in
75.3.6 here); 75.B – the author had consul- the narrower hind lobes of male anal plate
tations with the late Dr. K. Harz, and now (Fig. 2, j), longer male genital plate (as in
no another specialist (known for the author) Fig. 2, l), shorter epiphallus with the narrow
who really work on taxonomy of European V-shaped median sclerite and somewhat
Gryllomorphinae. different shape of hind processes in profile
(Figs 2, g, i), less high ectoparameres with
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha) the narrow hind notch in profile (Fig. 2, i),
longicauda longicauda (Rambur, 1839), longer endoparameres with the acute proxi-
nom. resurr mal projections (Fig. 2, g), convoluted sper-
(Figs 1, d; 2, g-j) matophore sac (Figs 2, g, i), and distinctly
longer ovipositor which is 1.3-1.4 times as
Acheta longicauda Rambur, 1839 (Spain). long as hind femur.
Gryllomorpha merobricensis Fernandes, 1959,
syn. n. (Portugal).
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha)
Material studied. Spain: 1 female, 2 nymphs,
longicauda adspersa Bolivar, 1914, stat. n.
environs of city Malaga (BMNH); 1 male, Alme-
(Figs 1, e; 2, k-m)
ria, “Valle, 1800 m, S Nevada, 30SVGO600
T.M., Paterna del Rio”, 3 Sept. 1993, Barranco
Gryllomorpha adspersa Bolivar, 1914 (Morocco).
(MNCN); 1 female, Cadiz, “Algeciras, Mz. Escal-
Material studied. Morocco: 1 male, 1 female,
era” (MNCN); 1 male, 3 females, Huelva, “Los
“Tanger, Olcese” (MNCN); 4 males, 9 females, 2
Marines”, 4 Oct. 1968, Llorente (MNCN); 1male,
“Pinar de Peña del Aguila, Mancha Real (Jaeñ)” nymphs, “Tanger, M. Escalera” (MNCN).
(MNCN). Portugal: 1 male, 1 female, “Sª. Penha First male with additional labels: “tan-
(Grândola)”, 1 Oct. 1959 (MNCN). geriana”, “11”, “Gryllomorpha adspersa
Specimens from BMNH with additional Bol.”, “Gryllomorpha adspersa Bol., det. E.
labels: “Syntype”, “Rambur coll., Press by Morales Agacino”, “Sintipo” [it was desig-
R. Oberthür, Brit. Mus., 1931, 137”, “Acheta nated as lectotype by Gorochov & Llorente
longicauda”, “Acheta longicauda Rambur, (2001)]. All other specimens were originally
Syntype, det. John Huxley, 1972” [female signed as syntypes, and now they are para-
and nymphs were designated as lectotype lectotypes of G. adspersa.
and paralectotypes by Gorochov & Llorente Note. This subspecies was mentioned as
(2001)]. 3 latter specimens from MNCN G. adspersa adspersa some years ago (Goro-
are determined as G. merobricensis by Fer- chov & Llorente, 2001). Now it is reasonable
nandes, and two of them from Portugal are to consider it an African subspecies of G. lon-
signed as paratypes of G. merobricensis. gicauda (see Note on G. l. longicauda above).
Note. This subspecies was mentioned as The subspecies is very similar to nomino-
G. adspersa merobricensis some years ago typical one, but it differs from the latter sub-
(Gorochov, Llorente, 2001), but now it is species in the somewhat lighter coloration
more reasonable to synonymize Fernandes’s (especially on head; Fig. 1, e), hardly wider
name with the subspecies of G. longicauda notch between hind lobes of anal plate in
from Europe. So, the latter name is here male (Fig. 2, m), distinctly larger hind notch
resurrected from synonyms of G. dalmatina of ectoparameres in profile (Fig. 2, k), and
contra Eades & Otte (2009). This subspe- slightly shorter ovipositor which is 1.1-1.2
cies is more or less similar to G. d. schmidti times as long as hind femur.
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
32 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha) lus, a pair of wide brown transverse spots
brevicauda brevicauda Bolivar, 1914 above previous spot (these paired spots are
separated from the latter unpaired spot by
Material studied. Morocco: 2 females,
the light V-shaped line and from each other,
“Mogador [now town Essaouira], Mz. Escalera”
by the light median line and light lateral
(MNCN).
ocelli), a pair of brown spots under eyes,
One of these females with additional la-
and brownish spots on hind part of vertex;
bels: “N. 1.104”, “Gryllomorpha brevicauda
pronotum with dark brown anterior edge
Bol.”, “Gryllomorpha brevicauda Bol. det. E.
Morales Agacino”, “Holotipo”, “Lectotipo”. of disc and with the brown spots on ante-
Second female with other additional labels: rior half of disc and on upper part of lateral
“brevicauda”, “Paralectotype, test M. Paris lobes; pterothoracic tergites with the wide
1991”. transverse darkened (brownish grey) band
Note. These specimens are in accor- on dorsum; abdominal dorsum with the
dance to the original description of G. brev- brownish transverse stripes; hind femora
icauda, but size of lectotype designated by with a few brown spots on dorsal part.
Paris (1994) is slightly smaller: length of
body 10.3 mm, length of pronotum 2.1 mm, Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha)
length of hind femur 7.9 mm, length of hind brevicauda australis subsp. n.
tibia 6.2 mm, and length of ovipositor 4.3 (Figs 1, k; 2, n-s)
mm. In the original description (Bolivar,
1914), the following data were presented: Holotype. Morocco: male, “Yeb. Tamarnut
(Ifni [environs of town Sidi Ifni])”, June 1934,
length of body 11-12, length of pronotum
Escalera (MNCN). Paratypes. 1 male, 2 females,
2.2, length of hind femur 8.5, and length of
same data (MNCN, ZISP).
ovipositor 5 mm. The specimens studied are
Description. Male (holotype). Shape of
characterized by the following features of
body parts as in nominotypical subgenus (see
body structure: head semiglobular (rather
“Note” to G. b. brevicauda above). Structure
high), approximately as wide as pronotum,
of abdominal apex (unknown in nomino-
with the rostrum between antennal cavities
typical subspecies) characteristic: anal plate
almost as wide as scape, and with the more
moderately transverse, with a pair of widely
or less long and thin maxillary palpi; prono-
rounded (but not inflated) hind lobes and
tum distinctly transverse; fore and middle
small notch between them (Fig. 2, s); geni-
legs comparatively slender; hind legs robust,
tal plate elongate and with a pair of lamellar
with 2 rows of numerous denticles on proxi-
upper lobes partly curved inside and having
mal half of dorsal tibial surface and 4 pairs
sharply truncated apex (Fig. 2, r); epiphal-
of long spines (excepting apical spurs) on
lus rather short; hind epiphallic processes
distal half of this surface; distal outer spine
and dorsal outer spur of hind tibia almost simple and with small rounded tubercle on
equal and distinctly shorter than nearest ventral surface (Fig. 2, p); V-shaped median
spine and spur; hind basitarsus slightly wid- sclerite of epiphallus moderately widened
ened, similar to that pictured in Fig. 2, q; (Fig. 2, n); ectoparameres almost oval and
anal plate with the rounded hind part; geni- with 3 small hind lobules (Fig. 2, o); endop-
tal plate with the widely truncated apex; arameres with widened lateroproximal parts
ovipositor rather short (hind femur approx- having short and almost angular proximal
imately 1.8 times as long as ovipositor) and projections (Fig. 2, n); spermatophore sac
with the apical part of dorsal valves direct- distinctly convoluted (Figs 2, n, p). Color-
ed partly downwards (almost as in Fig. 1, l). ation yellowish with following marks: head
Coloration of these specimens is yellowish with brown spot above (near) median ocel-
with the following marks: head with dis- lus, a pair of rather narrow brown transverse
tinct brown spot above (near) median ocel- spots above previous spot (these paired
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA 33
spots separated from latter unpaired spot australis, but ovipositor somewhat shorter
by light V-shaped line and from each other, (hind femur 2.1 times as long as oviposi-
by light median line and light lateral ocel- tor) and with apical part of dorsal valvae
li), a pair of brownish spots under eyes, and slightly narrower and directed distinctly
weakly distinct light brownish spots on hind downwards (Fig. 1, l). Coloration as in
part of vertex; pronotum with brown ante- nominotypical subspecies, but light areas of
rior edge of disc and with 4 brownish spots thoracic and abdominal dorsum with rather
on disc; pterothoracic and some abdominal numerous brownish dots, pronotum with
tergites with weakly distinct light brownish additional brown spots on hind half of disc,
transverse stripes; hind femora with 3 small pterothoracic tergites with darkened dorsal
brownish spots on inner surface and 1 small band less wide, anterior abdominal tergites
and weakly distinct light brownish spot on with similar band, other abdominal tergites
distal half of outer surface. with darkened transverse stripes almost
Variation. Second male with weakly dis- indistinct, hind femora with brown spots
tinct short longitudinal lines on vertex, 2 on dorsal, inner, and outer surfaces (one of
brownish spots on distal half of outer sur- outer spots longitudinal and narrow, almost
face of hind femora, and somewhat smaller contacting with moderately large spot near
hind lobules of ectoparameres. apical part of femur; another outer spot
Female. General appearance as in male, large, situated at middle of dorsal part of
outer femoral surface and fused with one of
but coloration slightly or hardly less spot-
dorsal femoral spots), and cerci (excepting
ted, anal plate more or less elongate and
their base) slightly darkened.
with rounded apex. Genital plate and ovi-
Male unknown.
positor very similar to those of nomino-
Length (in mm). Body 8; pronotum 1.8;
typical subspecies, but apical part of dorsal
hind femur 6.4; hind tibia 4.8; hind basitar-
valves of ovipositor directed only slightly
sus 1.7; ovipositor 3.
downwards (Fig. 1, k).
Comparison. The new subspecies differs
Length (in mm). Body: male 14-14.5,
from the both previous subspecies in the
female 12.5-13; pronotum: male 2.4-2.6, fe-
smaller body and shorter ovipositor. From
male 2.3-2.5; hind femur: male 9.8-10.4; fe-
G. b. brevicauda, it is additionally distin-
male 8.8-9.7; hind tibia: male 8.2-8.6, female
guished by the peculiarities of coloration
7.2-7.7; hind basitarsus: male 2.8-3, female
listed above; and from G. b. australis, by the
2.5-2.7; ovipositor 4.8-5.
wider brown transverse spots between eyes
Comparison. The new subspecies differs
and more spotted body.
from G. b. brevicauda in the slightly larger
body and less spotted coloration (brown
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha)
transverse spots between eyes much nar-
occidentalis sp. n.
rower, lateral lobes of pronotum without
(Figs 1, m; 3, a-g)
darkened spots, meso- and metanotum dis-
tinctly lighter).
Holotype. Morocco: male, “Sidi Ifni (Ifni)”,
Dec. 1934, Escalera (MNCN). Paratypes. 1 fe-
Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha) male, same data, but I.1935 (MNCN). Western
brevicauda borealis subsp. n. Sahara: 1 male, 1 female, “Sáhara Español, El
Aiun (SH)”, 22 Sept -20 Oct. 1943 (MNCN);
(Fig. 1, l)
1 male, 1 female, same data, but 11 Jan. 1943
Holotype. Morocco: female, “Khemisset [town (ZISP).
between cities Rabat and Meknes]”, 30 Nov. 1927 Description. Male (holotype). Shape of
(ZISP). Paratype. Nymph, same data (ZISP). body parts similar to that of G. brevicauda
Description. Female (holotype). Shape (see previous note and descriptions), but
of body parts as in G. b. brevicauda and G. b. hind basitarsus somewhat more slender
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
34 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA
Figs 3, a-x. Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha), male: a-g, G. occidentalis sp. n. (a-f, holotype); h-m, G.
sovetica sp. n. (holotype); n-s, G. syriaca (n-q, holotype); t-x, G. rufescens (holotype). Genitalia from
above (a, h, n), from below (without proximal parts) (b, i, o), and from side (c, j, p); ectoparamere
from below (g); hind basitarsus from side (d); anal plate from above (f, k, t); anal and genital plates
from above (q); genital plate from side (e, l, r, u) and from behind (m, s, v); distal part of genitalia
from above (w) and from below (x).
(Fig. 3, d), anal plate shorter and with small- (Figs 3, a, c), ectoparameres shorter (trans-
er and slightly inflated hind lobes (Fig. 3, f), verse) and with almost angular hind projec-
and genital plate hardly shorter and with tion instead 3 lobules (Fig. 3, b), and en-
less sharply truncate apical part (Fig. 3, e). doparameres with narrower lateroproximal
Genitalia also similar to those of G. brev- parts (Fig. 3, a). Coloration yellowish with
icauda, but epiphallus wider and without very small and almost indistinct brownish
tubercle on ventral surface of hind processes spot above (near) median ocellus, not wide
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47
