Table Of ContentA STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE UPON THE GROWTH
AND METABOLISM OF YEAST
A THESIS
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
University of Southern California
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science
/
by
Harold Pennington Vind
UMI Number: EP41312
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This thesis, written by
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under the guidance of h..ls.. Faculty Committee,
and approved by all its members, has been IjS**
presented to and accepted by the Council on
Graduate Study and Research in partial fulfill
ment of the requirements for the degree of
..... Mas.ter....of...Scienc.e______________
Date 1.950.....
Faculty Committee
/// /*■
t ~V Chairman
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PACE
I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM............ 1
II. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE................ . 2
Effect of caffeine on yeast . . . . . . . 2
Related studies ........................ k
Summary .......................... 5
III. METHODS OF ANALYSIS USED.................. 7
Measurement of growth rate.............. 7
Measurement of sugar consumption ........ 10
Measurement of alcohol production . . . . 12
Introduction .......................... 12
The procedure....................... 13
Experm e n t a l .......................... 1^
IV. THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE UPON THE GROWTH RATE
OF YEAST . 19
Preliminary preparations . .............. 20
Nutrient salt mixture................ 20
Bios Concentrate..................... 20
Ammonium phosphate solution .......... 20
Basal Medium A......................... 21
Basal Medium B......................... 21
Expermental............................ 21
Procedures .......................... 21
iii
CHAPTER PAGE
Inocula......................... 2k
Effect of caffeine upon pH. . . . . . . 25
Results......................... 25
Deviations from averages .............. 40
V. THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE UPON THE FERMENTATION
RATE OF Y E A S T ..................... k2
Preliminary preparations .............. k2
Nitrogen-free medium............... . . k2
Yeast suspension................. kj
Expermental....................... kj
Procedure....................... kj
Results......................... kk
VI. A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE UPON
GLUCOSE CONSUMPTION BY YEAST IN AIR AND
UNDER O I L ......................... 50
Procedure . . 50
VII. DISCUSSION ........................ 53
Growth experiments.................... . 53
Fermentation experiments ................ 55
Comparison of caffeine-effeet upon
growth and fermentation rates. . . . . 57
Comparison of the caffeine-effeet in air
and under o i l .................... 60
iv
CHAPTER PAGE
Comparison to the effects of caffeine
upon frog m us c l e.................... 62
VIII. SUMMARY.................................. 6k
BIBLIOGRAPHY......... 66
APPENDIX........................................ 69
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I. Effect of Standing Time Upon the Titration
in Bichromate Alcohol Determinations . . . . 16
II. Milli-equivalents of Dichromate Reduced per
Millileter of Standard Alcohol Solution . . 17
III. Media and Sizes of Inocula Employed in the
Respective Experiments .................... 23
IV. Increase in Yeast Concentration with Time
at Various Caffeine Concentrations,
Experiment One ............... 70
V. Increase in Yeast Concentration with Time
at Various Caffeine Concentrations,
Experiment Two .......................... 71
VI. Increase in Yeast Concentration with Time
at Various Caffeine Concentrations,
Experiment F o u r .......................... 72
VII. Increase in Yeast Concentration with Time
at Various Caffeine Concentrations,
Experiment F i v e .......................... 7^
VIII. Rates of Growth of Yeast at Various Caffeine
Concentrations as Estimated from the Times
Required to Attain Half Maximum Growth,
Experiment One .................... 26
vi
TABLE PAGE
IX. Bates of Growth of Yeast at Various Caffeine
Concentrations as Estimated from the Times
Required to Attain Half Maximum Growth,
Experiment Two........... 27
X. Rates of Growth of Yeast at Various Caffeine
Concentrations as Calculated "from the
Growth Attained at Age 13 Hours, Experiment
Three . . . . . . . . . . 28
XI. Rates of Growth of Yeast at Various Caffeine
Concentrations as Estimated from the Times
Required to Attain Half Maximum Growth,
Experiment F o u r .......................... 30
XII. Rates of Growth of Yeast at Various Caffeine
Concentrations as Estimated from the Times
Required to Attain Half Maximum Growth,
Experiment Five ........................ 31
XIII. The Effect of Caffeine Upon the Consumption
of Glucose by Yeast, Experiment Six . . . . k?
XIV. The Effect of Caffeine Upon the Consumption
of Glucose by Yeast, Experiment Seven . . . **8
XV. A Comparison of Alcohol Produced to Glucose
Consumed by Yeast in Media Containing
Caffeine, Experiment Seven ................ ^9
vil
TABLE PAGE
XVI. A Comparison of the Effect of Caffeine Upon
Glucose Consumption by Yeast in Air and
Under Gil
Aerobic Series .......................... 51
Anaerobic Series ...................... 52
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Standard Curve for the Conversion of Klett
Colorimeter Readings to Yeast Concentration . . 9
2. Standard Curve for the Conversion of ml. of
0.1 N Sodium Thiosulfate Solution to mg.
of Glucose . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 11
3. Yeast Concentration Versus Time, Caffeine
Concentration Constant . . .................. 33
k. Yeast Concentration Versus Caffeine
Concentration, Time Constant ......... 35
5. Growth Rate Versus Log Caffeine Concentration . . 39
6. Fermentation Rate Versus Log Caffeine
Concentration .............................. k6
