Table Of ContentA SJUDY OF "DIENCEPHALIC MECHANISMS
IN TEMPERATURE REGULATION
by
O*
Wilbur H« Meprum
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
in the Department of Anatomy, in the
Graduate College of the State
University of Iowa
August* I95I
ProQuest Number: 10991987
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ACKHOWLEBGEMENT
The author wishes to thank
Dr. ft# H# Ingram for his guidance in
carrying out this experiment, Dr# Titus
Evans who made available the radiation
equipment used, and all the others who
contributed their time and energies*
The author Is also much Indebted to a
patient and understanding wife*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction * • « # • • , « * » • * » • • • *
Temperature Regulation * * * * * * # . ♦ «
The Effects of Morphine In Cate * •* V * •
Anatomical Considerations * * * « • • • • •
Materials and Methods i f » • « # « • 9
Results • • » « * * * * # # • » « * • * * * •
Morphine Response in Normal Cats * * * * *
Effects of Small Lesions * * » • # « • » «
Protocolb of Cats with Small Lesions * •
Effects of Massive Lesions
Protocols of Cats with Massive Lesions »
Prefrontal Lobectomies « » * » * * « * • *
Thyroldec tomlzed Cats * « 9 • * « # 9 #
Effects of Dihydro** e**erythroidine «# * . »
Effects of Related Drugs « • . « * » # « .
Interpretation of Figures and Tables * * *
List of Abbreviations Csed in Figures
and Tables • • # # * * * * * « * » •
Explanation of Tables 2 and 3 • « # • #
Explanation of Figures 1 to 19 « * * . ♦
Discussion « # f # « i 9 • # » # • t « « # • 9
Morphine Response of the Normal Cat * . • •
Experiments with Small Lesions •
Experiments with Large Lesions « « • • • #
The Relation of Morphine Hyperthermia to
the Thyroid * • • • « • « * » • • » * •
Morphine Effects In Curarlaed Animals • « •
The Effect of Methadon and Demerol « . * .
Motor Effects of Lesions and Relation to
Morphine • « # • • • * » » * * • * * » *
Summary * • • * • # * • * • ♦ • * • # • ♦ • •
References # * • # * • # * • • » » » # « « « •
TABLE OF FI GOTI S
Figure page
1 Cat IW 22, posterior lesion (below), trans
ient hyperthermia, but response to morphine
normali anterior lesion (above), behavior
and response to morphine normal « • « , * • 60
2 Cat IW 23, transient hyperthermia apd In-
creased response to morphine # # * * « • • 61
3 Cat M 1, transient hyperthermia,-but re* 7
sponse to morphine normal * » # « « * # • • 62
It Gat M 2, posterior lesion (below), body
temperature and response to morphine normal;
anterior lesion (above), body temperature
and response to morphine below normal * * • 63
5 Cat M 3, hyperthermia of seven days dur
ation, but response to morphine below normal 61+
6 Cat M It, posterior lesion (below), hypertherm
ia, but response to morphine normal; anterior
lesion (above), body temperature normal or
below, but response to morphine normal • « • 63
7 Cat M 3, posterior lesion (below), transient
hyperthermia, but response to morphine nor
mal; anterior lesion (above), poikilothermic,
and increased response to morphine • « * . » 66
8 Gat M 7# posterior lesion (below), body temp
erature and response to morphine normal;
anterior lesion (above), body temperature
normal, but increased response to morphine 67
9 Cat M 10, posterior lesion (below), body
temperature and response to morphine normal;
anterior lesion (above), body temperature
normal, but response to morphine increased 68
10 Cat U 12, body temperature normal, but re
sponse to morphine absent 69
TABUS‘OF FimiHBS (cont.)
Figure page
XI Cat M 9, anterior lesion, body temperature
subnormal, panting, somnolent, no response
to morphine • * .* * . « • ♦ • « V * . . # 7°
12 Cat M 11, anterior lesion, body temperature
subnormal, somnolent, no response to
morphine « * • • • • • • • « « » ♦ # » • • 71
15 Cat M 15, anterior lesion, body temperature
subnormal, obstinate progression, rage, de
layed response to morphine * « • * • * » # 72
lit Cat U 20, body temperature subnormal, obsti
nate progression, rage, panting * • * * • 75
15 Q&t 33 22, body temperature subnormal, obsti
nate progression, rage, panting, delayed
response to morphine • • « • • • • • * • « *fk
16 Cat M 26, body temperature subnormal, flac
cid, comatose • • • • « * . . . * • « • * 75
17 Cat M 27, body temperature subnormal, obsti
nate progression, panting « • » * » * « » 76
18 Cot M 28 (above), body temperature subnormal,
obstinate progression, no response to mor
phine; Cat M 29 (below), body temperature sub
normal, obstinate progression, rage, panting 77
19 Cat M lif, posterior lesion (below), body
temperature normal, rage, increased response
to morphines anterior lesion (above), hyper
thermia, obstinate progression, rage * * * » 78
20 Cat M 14, photomicrograph of posterior
lesion • « * • * * * • « • * • # * • . • # 79
21 Cat M 13, photomicrograph of posterior lesion
with no alteration in body temperature or
morphine response « * • * « • • • * » * # • 80
v
TABLE OP FIGURES (cont.j
Figure page
22 Cat M Jl, frontal view of brain ahowing areas
removed by lobectomy * • » « . * • * * « • • 81
23 Cat M 33, frontal view of brain showing areas
removed by lobectomy * • « « # • * • 82
2^ Cat M 30, radioautograph of thfffOld gland;
Up area of extrafolllcular Ix*z# B, ar#a of
intrafollloular IX3X * * « * * . . « « • • * 83
vi
ta b le o f tab les
Table page
1 Response to Morphine In Degree#
Centigrade {Cate with small or moderate
slaed lesions) » • * * # « « « * # « • * * k9
2 Lesions of Braall to Moderate Size; nuclei
and tracts damaged or destroyed f * * # • 5$
3 Massive Lesions$ nuclei and tracts damaged
or destroyed * * • * « • • * » * • * * » # 52
4 Postoperative Body Temperatures In Degrees
Centigrade (Cats with ilasslv© lesions) # • 53
5 Maximum Response to Morphine In Degrees
Centigrade (Cats with massive lesions) » * 5^
6 Maximum Response to Morphine In Degrees
Centigrade ICats with frontal lobectomies) 55
7 Maximum Response to Morphine in Degrees
Centigrade (Thyroidectomized cats) * • * « 56
8 1*^3^ Cptak© Studies • * • • • • • • • * « 57
9 M@thadon Response in Normal Cats * • * * • 58
vil
TABLE OF GRAPHS
Graph page
1 Temperature Curve of a Ronoaal cat After
Receiving Dihydro-1~©rythroi d in© and
Morphine • • « » • • • * » * * * » « * • • 59
vlil
A STUDY OP DIENCEPHALIC MECHANISMS
IN TEMPEKATDHE REGULATION
INTRODUCTION
Temperature Regulation
In th© year 1823 Sir Benjamin Brodie, lecturing
before the Royal College of Burgeons, discussed the
experiments of Dr# Chossafc of Geneva* Chossat severed
the spinal cord of animals and found that with section
in the upper thoracic region the animal was unable to main
tain his normal body temperature, but contrarily, that
section below the twelfth dorsal vertebra produced hyper
thermia (Selwyn-Brown, 1938#) I’ixis appears to be the first
experimental approach to the problem of the regulation of
body temperature by the central nervous system in warm
blooded animals* This experiment seems to have been for
gotten in the ensuing years for Tscheschlohin (1866) Is
generally given credit for being the first to investigate
temperature regulation In spinal animals, using the rabbit*
He also cut the vagus nerve and sympathetic chain, find
ing that the latter procedure somewhat lowered the body
temperature, while the former was withoiit effect* In 188I4.
Isaac Ott produced the first in & series of publications
