Table Of ContentC
OVER AA30470C
A S C
H O R T O U R S E I N
N D70 P
IKON HOTOGRAPHY
D P. C
ENNIS URTIN
S C .
H O R T O U R S E S C O M
H T T P : / / W W W . S H O R T C O U R S E S . C O M
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SHORT COURSES PUBLISHING PROGRAM
S C P P
HORT OURSES UBLISHING ROGRAM
Short Courses is the leading publisher of digital photography books,
textbooks, and guides to specific cameras from Canon, Sony, Nikon,
Olympus and others. All of these books are available on-line from the
Short Courses bookstore at:
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All recent books are available in both black & white print and fully search-
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rapidly expanding so be sure to visit the store to see if there is a book on your
camera or area of interest.
If you find any errors in this book, would like to make suggestions for
improvements, or just want to let me know what you think—we welcome
your feedback.
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
© Copyright 2004 by Dennis P. Curtin. All rights reserved. Printed in the
United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States
Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
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SHORT COURSE BOOKS
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■ Pro 1 ■ EOS Digital Rebel/300D ■ EOS 10D ■ G5 ■ G3 ■ EOS D60 ■ EOS D30 ■ G2
■ G1 ■ S300 ■ S110 ■ S100 ■ S20 ■ A5/A50 Zoom
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Textbooks & General
Choosing and Using a Camera Phone ■ Displaying & Sharing Your Digital Photos ■
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ISBN: 1-928873-49-9
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PREFACE
P
REFACE
A great photograph begins when you recognize a great scene or
subject. But recognizing a great opportunity isn’t enough to capture
it; you also have to be prepared. A large part of being prepared
involves understanding your camera well enough to capture what you see.
Getting you prepared to see and capture great photographs is what this book
is all about. It doesn’t matter if you are taking pictures for business or plea-
sure, there’s a lot here to help you get better results and more satisfaction
from your photography.
To get better, and possibly even great photographs, you need to understand
The Nikon D70. both concepts and procedures; the “whys” and “hows” of photography.
■ Concepts of photography are the underlying principles that apply regard-
less of the camera you are using. They include such things as how sharpness
IMPORTANT NOTE and exposure affect your images and the way they are perceived by viewers.
Understanding concepts answers the “why” kinds of questions you might
The only Nikon
have about photography.
lenses that fully
work with the D70 ■ Procedures are those things specific to one kind of camera, and explain
are CPU lenses, step-by-step how you set your camera’s controls to capture an image just the
particularly those way you want to. Understanding procedures gives you the answers to the
in the D and G “how” kinds of questions you might have.
series (page 87).
This book is organized around the concepts of digital photography because
Other lenses work
that’s how photographers think. You think about scenes and subjects, high-
in some situations,
lights and shadows, softness and sharpness, color and tone. The procedures
but not in others.
you use with the Nikon D70 camera are integrated throughout the concepts,
To explain all of
appearing as text discussions and QuickSteps boxes in those places where
these incompat-
they apply. This integrated approach lets you first understand the concepts of
ibilities would
photography and then see step by step how to use the D70 to capture scenes
make this book
and subjects exactly the way you want to.
unnecessarily
complicated for the To get more effective, interesting, and creative photographs, you only need to
majority of readers. understand how and when to use a few simple features on your camera such
To keep things as focus, exposure controls, and flash. If you’ve previously avoided under-
simple, we assume standing these features and the profound impact they can have on your
you are using a D images, you’ll be pleased to know that you can learn them over a weekend.
or G lens. You can then spend the rest of your life marveling at how the infinite variety
of combinations make it possible to convey your own personal view of the
world. You’ll be ready to keep everything in a scene sharp for maximum
PHOTOGRAPHY detail or to blur it all for an impressionistic portrayal. You’ll be able to get
ON-LINE dramatic close-ups, freeze fast action, and capture the beauty and wonder of
rainbows, sunsets, fireworks, and nighttime scenes.
The contents of this
book are constantly As you explore your camera, be sure to have fun. There are no “rules” or
updated, en- “best” way to make a picture. Great photographs come from using what you
hanced, and know to experiment and try new approaches. Digital cameras make this
expanded on-line. especially easy because there are no film costs or delays. Every experiment is
To learn more free and you see the results immediately so you can learn step by step.
about digital
This book assumes you’ve mastered the mechanics of your camera. It’s about
photography, visit
getting great pictures, not about connecting your camera to your computer
our ShortCourses
and using software. That information is presented in the user guide that
Web site at www.
came with your camera. Be sure to visit our Web site at
shortcourses.com.
www.shortcourses.com for even more digital photography information.
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CONTENTS
C
ONTENTS
Cover...i CHAPTER 4
Short Courses Publishing Program...ii CAPTURING LIGHT & COLOR...71
Preface...iii
Contents...iv Where Does Color Come From?...72
Index to QuickSteps...v White Balance...73
Color Balance and Time of Day...76
Sunsets and Sunrises...77
CHAPTER 1 Weather...79
GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR NIKON D70...6 Photographing at Night...81
The Direction of Light...83
The Nikon D70—An Overview...7 The Quality of Light...85
Jump Start—Using Auto Mode...8
Good Things to Know...9
When Things Go Wrong...11 CHAPTER 5
Using Dials and Buttons...12 UNDERSTANDING LENSES...86
Using Menus...15
Restoring Default Settings...17 Nikon D70 Lenses...87
Using Image Review and Playback Mode...18 Zoom Lenses...89
Using the Playback Menu...20 Normal Lenses...90
Selecting Image Quality and Size...22 Wide-Angle Lenses...91
Telephoto Lenses...93
Tilt-Shift Lenses...95
CHAPTER 2 Macro Lenses...96
CONTROLLING EXPOSURE...28 Lens Accessories...97
How a Photograph Shows Depth...98
Understanding Exposure...29
Understanding Exposure Displays...30
Choosing Exposure Modes...31 CHAPTER 6
Using Digital Vari-program Modes...32 USING FLASH AND STUDIO LIGHTING...99
Using Auto Multi Program (P) Mode...33
Using Shutter-Priority (S) Mode...34 How Automatic Flash Works...100
Using Aperture-Priority (A) Mode...36 Selecting a Flash Mode...104
Using Manual (M) Mode...38 Portraits with Flash...105
How Your Exposure System Works...39 Using Fill Flash...107
How Exposure Affects Your Images...42 Using Slow Sync Flash...108
When Automatic Exposure Works Well...43 Using Available Light...109
When to Override Automatic Exposure...44 Controlling Flash Exposures...110
How to Override Automatic Exposure...48 Using an External Flash...111
Using Histograms...50 Studio Lighting...112
Studio Portrait Lighting...115
CHAPTER 3
CONTROLLING SHARPNESS...53 CHAPTER 7
OTHER FEATURES AND COMMANDS...116
Eliminating Camera Movement...54
Sharpness Isn’t Everything...57 Shooting Continuously...117
How to Photograph Motion Sharply...58 Bracketing...118
Focus and Depth of Field...60 Optimizing Images...121
Focusing Techniques...62 Optimizing Images—Custom Settings...122
Controlling Depth of Field...66 Using The Setup Menu...124
Capturing Maximum Depth of Field...67 Using The Custom Settings Menu...129
Using Selective Focus...69 Using The Playback Menu...135
Conveying the Feeling of Motion...70
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INDEX TO QUICKSTEPS
I Q S
NDEX TO UICK TEPS
Taking a Picture in Auto Mode 8 Increasing Depth of Field 67
Using Menus 15 Setting the Hyperfocal Distance 68
Using the Two-Button Reset 17 Zone Focusing 68
Reviewing and Playing Back Images 18 Decreasing Depth of Field
in Automatic Mode 69
Zooming Images 19
Capturing Creative Blur 70
Deleting Images 20
Setting White Balance with the WB Button 74
Connecting the Camera to a TV 20
Setting White Balance from the Menu 74
Displaying a Slide Show 21
Setting Preset White Balance 75
Hiding and Unhiding Images 21
Using Bulb 82
Changing Image Quality & Size 27
Mounting a Lens 88
Changing Exposure Modes 31
Unmounting a Lens 88
Using Digital Vari-program Modes 32
Zooming the Lens 89
Using Auto Multi Program (P) Mode 33
Using the Built-in Speedlight 104
Using Shutter-Priority (S) Mode 35
Using Red-eye Reduction Mode 106
Turning Noise Reduction On and Off 35
Using Fill Flash 107
Using Aperture-Priority (A) Mode 37
Using Slow Sync Flash 108
Using Manual (M) Mode 38
Turning Off the Flash 109
Changing the Metering Mode 41
Using Flash Exposure Compensation 110
Using Exposure Compensation 49
Using FV Lock 110
Using Exposure Lock 49
Choosing a Shooting Mode 117
Displaying Histograms 50
Selecting What to Bracket 120
Using Histograms 52
Turning Bracketing On and Off
Using the Self-timer 55
and Selecting a Bracketing Program 120
Changing the ISO with the ISO Button 56
Optimizing Images 121
Changing the ISO with the Menu 56
Optimizing Images—Custom Settings 123
Increasing the Sharpness
Using the Setup Menu 124
of Moving Objects 59
Using the Custom Settings Menu 129
Using Focus Lock 63
Using the Playback Menu 135
Manually Selecting an Autofocus Area 64
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CHAPTER 1. GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR NIKON D70
Chapter 1
Getting Started With Your Nikon D70
Serious digital cameras such as the Nikon D70 give you amazing
CONTENTS
creative control over your images. Because of the number of controls it
■ The Nikon D70–An offers, your camera may initially seem complicated, but that’s not at all
Overview ■ Jump the case. All you have to do to get good pictures is turn the camera on and
Start–Using Auto Mode
take them. Because the camera is fully automatic, there’s no more to it than
■ Good Things to Know
■ When Things Go that. Once you’ve taken images, you can play them back for yourself or
Wrong ■ Using Dials others right on the camera’s screen, and this is no small feature. Digital
and Buttons ■ Using cameras are still so new that showing an image you just took elicits a shocked
Menus ■ Restoring
surprise. Kids especially delight in seeing themselves immediately, and will
Default Settings ■
then mug more than ever.
Using Image Review
and Playback Mode ■
In this chapter we discuss just about everything you need to know to take
Using the Playback
Menu ■ Selecting good pictures. We’ll start by exploring how you use the camera set to its fully
Image Quality and Size automatic mode and then see how you use buttons, dials, and menus to
change settings and review and manage your images. Finally we’ll take a
close-up look at how your camera captures digital images made up of small
pixels, and what determines the size and quality of your photos. The founda-
tion you’ll lay by mastering this chapter will make it easy for you to use all of
the concepts and procedures discussed in the chapters that follow.
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THE NIKON D70—AN OVERVIEW
T N D70—A O
HE IKON N VERVIEW
Nikon’s D70 is a 6.1 megapixel digital SLR camera with a CCD that captures
images up to 3,008 x 2,000 pixels in size—large enough for extremely sharp 8
x 10 prints and sharp 11 x 14s. The camera is ready to shoot the instant you
turn it on, and shutter-lag time is almost nonexistent.
The D70 is available either as an outfit or a set. The outfit includes the
camera body, rechargeable battery, charger, new Nikon PictureProject™
software, neckstrap and the new AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70mm f/3.5–4.5G IF-ED
lens. The D70 set includes the same items except the lens.
The Nikon D70 is an SLR The camera includes the expected program, shutter-priority, aperture-
digital camera with priority, and manual exposure modes but also includes seven digital vari-
interchangeable lenses. program modes preset for photographing specific situations. These scene-
specific modes include portrait, auto, landscape, close-up, sports, night
portrait, and night landscape.
The camera has a buffer that lets you capture up to 7 high-quality images,
and often more, at the rate of three pictures per second. The images are
optimized for PictBridge™ printers that are designed for printing directly
from digital cameras. In-camera image enhancement possibilities include
sharpening, contrast, tone, color, saturation and hue. There is even a com-
mand that lets you optimize images using settings choices that include
normal, vivid, sharp, soft, direct print, landscape or custom optimization. A
unique help button on the camera temporarily displays a short description
for each of the 25 different custom settings so you can get at least a little help
while customizing your camera.
If you want to capture the highest possible image quality, you can use the
camera’s NEF (RAW) mode that also captures a JPEG image at the same time
To learn about managing to simplify evaluating and selecting which RAW images to enhance.
your pictures, see the
book “Managing Digital The built-in speedlight automatically pops up and fires when natural light-
Pictures with Windows XP ing is inadequate or when there is strong backlighting and the scene would
and Beyond” at the benefit from fill flash to lighten shadow areas. A hot shoe lets you mount an
ShortCourses.com external SB-600 or SB-800 flash when you need more flash power or range, or
bookstore.
want the ability to swivel and rotate the flash head to use bounce flash.
http://www.shortcourses.com
Either of these speedlights can also be used in commander mode to remotely
and wirelessly control other SB-600 or SB-800 speedlights.
Finally, photos taken with the camera in a vertical orientation are automati-
cally rotated during playback so they have the same orientation as the other
photos when viewed on the camera’s monitor or a connected TV or other
ACCESSORIES
playback device.
■ Optional acces-
Included with the camera is Nikon’s PictureProject image management and
sories for the D70
editing software used to transfer images to PC’s or MAC’s and browse,
include lenses,
organize, and share them. To learn more about the D70, visit any of these
speedlights, battery
Nikon Web Sites:
chargers, view-
finder accessories, ■ http://www.nikonusa.com
remote control, ■ http://www.euorpe-nikon.com
filters, and cases. ■ http://www.nikon-asia.com
■ http://www.nikonimaging.com
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CHAPTER 1. GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR NIKON D70
J S —U A M
UMP TART SING UTO ODE
When using auto mode you just frame the image and push the shutter
button. This fully automatic mode is great because it lets you focus on the
subject and not on the camera. Here’s how you use it:
■ Lenses are interchangeable and auto mode works only with CPU lenses.
(With other lenses the shutter button is disabled in this mode.)
■ Power switch on top of the camera turns the camera on and off. When on,
both the viewfinder and the control panel display information. When off,
only the number of shots remaining is displayed on the control panel.
The mode dial shown
here set to full auto ■ Exposure mode. Rotate the mode dial to the green AUTO icon.
mode.
■ Framing the image. Use the optical viewfinder and zoom ring, if your lens
has one, to frame the image. The viewfinder shows you just 95% of the actual
area that will be captured in the image.
■ Autofocus (AF). The camera focuses on the closest part of the scene that is
covered by one or more of the five focus frames in the viewfinder. When you
press the shutter button halfway down and the camera focuses, the camera
beeps, the focus indicator—the leftmost green dot in the viewfinder— glows
a steady green, and the area or areas used to set focus briefly flash red. If the
camera is having problems focusing, the green focus indicator blinks (page
The five focus areas. 62). In dim light, the AF-assist illuminator may light to help the camera
focus. How close you can get to your subject depends on the minimum
focusing distance of the lens you are using.
■ Autoexposure (AE). Auto mode uses matrix metering to measure all areas
of the scene and uses the readings to set the best possible exposure for the
scene.
■ Autoflash. If the light is dim, the flash may pop up. When up, it always
fires when you take a picture unless set to off (page 109).
The focus indicator.
■ Holding the camera. To take pictures, hold the camera in both hands, with
your right forefinger on the shutter button. Brace the camera against your
face. Be sure not to block the AF assist illuminator on the front of the camera
TIPS just to the left of the shutter button.
■ The first time
you turn on the TAKING A PICTURE IN AUTO MODE
camera you have to
1. Set the mode dial so the green AUTO icon aligns with the white
select a language
marker on the camera body, remove the lens cap, and turn the power
and set the date. To
switch to ON. The control panel and viewfinder display both turn on.
do so, see page 124.
■ If the camera 2. Frame the subject in the viewfinder.
doesn’t perform as 3. Press the shutter button halfway down so the camera can set focus
described here, it (see above) and exposure. If the light is dim, or the subject backlit,
may be because the flash may pop up.
some settings have
4. Press the shutter button all the way down to take the picture and the
been changed. To
shutter opens and closes. As the image is saved to the memory card,
restore many
it is displayed on the monitor and the green card access light glows
settings to their
on the back of the camera.
factory defaults see
page 17. 5. When done, turn the power switch to OFF and replace the lens cap.
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GOOD THINGS TO KNOW
G T K
OOD HINGS TO NOW
When you first start taking photos, it sometimes seems that there is too much
to learn all at once. Here are some things you may want to know right off.
■ The camera is powered by a rechargeable Lithium ion battery (EN-EL3),
or an optional AC Adapter (EH-5). A full battery icon is displayed on the
control panel when there is sufficient battery power. The icon changes to
partly-full when power is getting low, and then flashes when power is out.
When the battery gets very low, the viewfinder display also dims. The
When the battery is fully
battery takes about 2 hours to fully charge in the included charger and the
charged, the top icon is
number of shots you can then expect depends on the condition of the
displayed. When it starts
battery, the temperature, and how you use the camera. In a pinch you can
getting low, the bottom
icon is displayed and then also use three widely available CR2 lithium batteries in the included MS-
flashes when battery D70 battery holder. To extend battery life, don't use the monitor, hold the
power is out. shutter button halfway down, repeatedly autofocus, use NEF (raw) mode,
or use slow shutter speeds.
■ Never open the flash card or battery cover when the camera is on, espe-
cially when the green card access lamp on the back of the camera is flashing.
Doing so can damage your images and the card.
■ To insert or remove a CompactFlash (CF) card, turn the camera off and
open the cover on the back of the camera being sure the green card access
lamp isn’t lit. Insert the CF card with its terminals toward the slot, its front
The camera accepts Type label facing away from the monitor, and aligned with the slightly-angled slot.
1 or Type 2 Compact- Gently push the card to seat it on the connector and pop up the gray eject
Flash (CF) cards including button. To remove a card, press the eject button down to raise the card so you
the 1 Gigabyte IBM can grasp it and pull it out. Some CF cards have to be formatted before you
Microdrive.
use them (page 124).
■ To insert a battery, turn the camera off and press the cover latch on the
bottom of the camera to open the battery chamber. Insert the battery, contacts
first, and close the cover so it snaps into place. Turn on the camera and check
the battery power indicator on the control panel.
■ If the viewfinder display turns off, or the shutter speed and aperture
settings on the control panel disappear, the camera has entered “auto meter
After a few seconds, off” mode because you didn’t use any controls for the time specified in
metering turns off and custom setting 23 Meter off (page 129). To wake the meter up, press the
the shutter speed and shutter button halfway down and then release it. Be aware that there are
aperture are no longer some settings you can’t change while the meter is off.
displayed on the control
panel or in the viewfinder. ■ When you take a photo, it is displayed on the monitor so you can review it
Press the shutter button provided custom setting 07 Image review is set to On (the default—page 129).
halfway down and The image remains on the monitor until you press the shutter button halfway
release it to turn them down to take another picture. Once an image is displayed on the monitor,
back on. you can scroll to other images, change the number of images displayed at
one time, delete the image to make room for new images, protect it from
deletion, or display information about it. Image review is essentially identical
to playback mode (page 18). Some commands won’t work with an image
displayed on the monitor. To clear it from the monitor, press the shutter
button halfway down and then release it.
■ If the monitor turns off during playback or when using menus, the
camera is trying to save battery power. You can change the time before it
Diopter adjustment
turns off using custom setting 22 Monitor off (page 129). To turn the monitor
control.
back on, press the playback or menu button again.
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CHAPTER 1. GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR NIKON D70
■ If the image in the viewfinder isn’t sharp, slide the diopter adjustment
control next to the viewfinder to bring the viewfinder’s display into sharp
focus. Corrective viewfinder lenses are available from Nikon dealers if this
adjustment isn’t enough.
■ To display a reference grid in the viewfinder, turn on custom setting 08
Grid Display (page 129). This grid helps you better align images with domi-
Viewfinder grid lines.
nant horizontal and vertical elements such as the horizon or tall buildings.
■ Always check camera settings on the control panel and in the viewfinder.
Notice how many pictures you can take at the current settings and the status
of the battery charge. Also, learn what the icons mean because it’s not at all
uncommon to change a setting, then forget you have done so.
■ To focus on a subject not in the center of the screen, select one of the
other focus areas (page 64).
The five focus areas.
■ The focus area display darkens and slows in low temperatures and
brightens in high temperatures. The other viewfinder displays darken and
slow at high temperatures.
■ The camera comes with a clear plastic monitor cover (BM-4) that keeps
the monitor clean and protected. To remove the cover, pull the bottom
outwards to unlatch it. To replace it, insert the projection on the top of the
cover into the matching indentation above the monitor then press in the
At night, press the LCD bottom of the cover until it clicks into place.
illuminator button so you ■ The shutter button has two stages. When you press it halfway down, the
can read the control
camera sets focus and exposure. When you press it all the way down, you
panel display.
take the picture.
■ As you take photos, they are first stored in the camera’s internal
memory—called a “buffer” (page 117). The buffer stores images so you don’t
have to wait until one is saved to the CompactFlash card before taking
another. (Storing to the buffer is much faster than storing to the card.) During
shooting, or while the shutter button is pressed halfway down, the number of
new images that can be stored in the buffer using the current settings is
displayed on the control panel and in the viewfinder. How many you can
A readout on the control
shoot depends on the image size and quality settings.
panel and in the
viewfinder tells you how ■ Automatic white balance. The color cast in a photograph is affected by the
many images will fit in
color of the light illuminating the scene so the camera automatically adjusts
the buffer at the current
white balance to make white objects in the scene look white in the photo
settings.
(page 73).
■ When done shooting, turn the power switch to OFF. If images are being
stored when you do so, they will be saved before the camera shuts itself off.
■ When the built-in flash is popped up, you can only take photos when the
flash ready indicator is displayed in the lowerright corner of the viewfinder.
The flash ready indicator If it isn’t displayed, release the shutter button, then try again.
that appears in the
viewfinder when the flash ■ The D70 offers four shooting modes—single frame, continuous (page
is ready to fire. 117), self-timer (page 55), and remote (page 55).
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