Table Of ContentElytra,Tokyo,35(1):194-204,May30,2007
A Revision of theGenusFo,rmosotoxotus (Coleoptera,
Cerambycidae,Apatophyseinae),withDescription
ofaNewSpecies fromSikkim
Nobu0OHBAYASHI
EntomologicalLaboratory,FacultyofAgriculture,EhimeUniversity,
Tarumi,Matsuyama,790-8566Japan
Abstract ThecerambycidgenusF,ormosotoxotus isrevised. For,nosoto:xotus
masataka1sp nov. isdescribed fromSikkim, andF fulvopi1osus HAYAsHI, 1979 is
synonymizedwithFmalayanusHAYAsHI,1977. Thesystematicpositionofthegenus
isdiscussedanditisplacedinthesubfamilyApatophyseinae.
Introduction
OnmyshorttriptoParismadein2005, I foundaveryoldspecimenbelongingto
thegenusFormosotoxotusinthecollectionoftheMuseumnationald'Histoirenature11e.
Afteracarefulexamination, itwasconcludedthatthespecimenbelongedtoaspecies
new to science. Alongwith descriptionofthenewspecies, I takethisopportunity to
revisebrieflythegenusFormosotoxotusandbestowsomeconsiderationsonitssystematic
position.
Taxonomicplacement of thespeciesofFormosoto:x;otus hasfrequentlychanged.
KANO (1933) describedthefirstspecies 「oxotinusauripi1osusfromTaiwanasaclose
relativeofTo:)cotinusrein1i HEYDEN. Inthesameyear,MATSUSHITA(1933) described
Artelidaaslatica fromTaiwan(thegenusArtelidahadbeenuseduntil thenexclusively
forMadagascanspecies).
GRESSITT (1951) placedT1oxotinusauripi1osus in the genus To:x;otus (subgenus
To:xotinus)oftheStenocorini. SimultaneouslyheerectedanewgenusParanthophylax
(in Xy1osteini) foranewspecies,P.sericeus (designatedasthetypespecies) andP
aslaticus, transferredtothisgenusfromArtelida. Paranthophylaxiscurrentlyregarded
as a juniO「 Synonym of the genus Trypogeus LACORDAIRE. In l960, HAYAsHI
synonymizedArtelidaaslatlcawithToxotinusauripi1osusandestablishedanewgenus
F,ormosotoxotusfor lt. Sincethen,fivemorespecieswereaddedtothegenusF,ormoso-
t();)cetus, viz., F malayanusHAYAsHI, 1977and F fulvopi1osusHAYAsHI, 1979, from
Malaysia, F. uenoi N. 0HBAYAsHI, l995, from Kalimantan, Indonesia, F takaoi
NIISATo, 1996, from North Vietnam, and F nobuoi VIvEset NIIsATo, 2006, from
Nepal.
Up tonow,all theauthorsregardedthosespeciesasmembersof thesubfamily
RevisionoftheGenus.Formosotoxot11s 195
Lepturinae except JENIS (2001) who illustrated an unidentified Malayan species of
Fo, rmosoto:ofetus and placed it, without proper explanation, in the Apatophyseinae,
togetherwithmanyMadagascanspecies, theAfricanDorcasomusSERvILLEandCapo-
te;xotus rugosus TIPPMANN, and theOriental generaProta-x;isGAHANand Trypogeus
LAcoRDAIRE. The subfamily Apatophysinae LAcoRDAIRE was erected by
DANILEvsKY (1979) forasinglegenus,ApatophysisCHEvRoLAT,mainlybasedon the
larval morphology (original LAcoRDAIRE's Apatophysides included also theSouth
AfricangenusPachytt'conTHOMSONandtheOrientalTrypogeuswhoselarvaewereand
still areunknown). Thecorrectspellingof thesubfamilynameapparentlyshouldbe
Apatophyseinae, first used by LoBANov et a1. (1981). So far there have been few
external adult characters distinguishing theApatophyseinae from other subfamilies.
However, thesubfamilycouldbecharacterizedbyacombinationofstridulatoryfileof
mesonotum, hind wing venation andmale genitalia (personal unpublished results).
Basedonmystudyofhindwingvenationandmalegenitalia,Iconcludethat thegenus
Fo,rmosoto:x:otus isclosely related toApatophysls, and thusit belongsto thesubfamily
Apatophyseinae.
Thisshortpaper isdedicatedtothememoryof thelateProf.Dr.MasatakaSAT0,
whowasoneofthemostprominentJapanesecoleopterist,andalsohadbeenmyclosest
seniorlikeabrother sincefiftyyearsago.
IwishtothankPetrSvAcHA(CzechAcademyofScience,CeskeBudejovice) for
hisusefuladviceandcritical reviewof themanuscript. My thanksarealsoduetothe
followingentomologists for their kindhelp, usefulsuggestionsorofferof invaluable
specimens for study: GianfrancoSAMA, Mikhail L. DANILEvsKY, EduardVIVESand
Tatsuya NIIsATo. I was also much indebted to Thierry DEuvE and Azadeh
TAGHAvIAN of the Museumnational d'Histoire nature11e, Paris for their kind help
extended tomeatmyvisittothemuseum.
SubfamilyApatophyseinaeLAcORDAIRE,1869
ApatophysidesLAcoRDAIRE,1869,234.
Apatophysinae:DANILEvsKY,1979,827.
Apatophyseinae:LoBANoveta1.,1981,786,794. - SvAcHA&DANILEVSKY,1988,125. - SV CHA et
al., 1997,364, fig 55.
Notes. After DANILEvsKY (1979) erected the subfamily ApatophySinae
LAcoRDAIRE for receiving the genus Apatophysls, SVACHA (in SVACHA &
DANILEvsKY,1987)madethefollowingcomment:“ThegenusApatophyslshasnodi「cot
relatjonto theLepturinae,andithasbeenplacedinaseparatesubfamilyApatOphy-
sejnae(DANILEvsKY,1979). _ DespiteDUFFY(1957,1980), thegenusDO「CaSOmuS
canbeonnoaccountretainedinLepturinae,and,althoughdifferinginsomecharacters
fromApatophysis, itshouldbeprovisionallyincludedintheApat,ophyseinae. ...The
wrjtersuspects all theLepturine-1ikeformsoccurringin theEthiopianRegion (inCl.
Madagascar) tobeofasimilar taxonomicposition” AccordingtoP.SVACHA (Pe「S・
196 Nobuo OHBAYASH]
Figs.1-8. HindwingvenationofthesubfamilyApatophyseinae. - 1,ApatophysisbarbaraLucAs
2,ApatOphySSiSlnCiaSEMENOVTIAN-SHANsKIJ;3,Artelidasp;4,Mastododersnodjco11jsKLUG;5
Formosoto)cetusaurtpi1osa;6,Fmalayanus;7,F nobuoi;8,TripogeuscabigasiVIvEs.
.
Comm),afterinclusionofDorcasomustheApatophyseinaeshouldberenamedDorca_
SOminaeforpriorityreasons(DorcasomideswereestablishedinLAcoRDAIRE,1869a,
456).AfterdiscussionswithsomeEuropeanentomologists,itisbecomingclearthatthe
majorityof theso-ca11edlepturine-1ikeformsofMadagascarshouldbeincludedjnthjs
Subfamily,buttherearedifferentopinionsconcerningthepositionofthegenusDorca_
somus distributed in continental Africa. Not havingexaminedspecimensof I)orca_
SOmuS, ICannot contribute tosolving theproblemandtherefore I retain thename
ApatophyseinaeuntilthechangetoDorcasominaeisformallypublished.
ConcerningtheAsiangeneraof thissubfamily,VIvEs (2006) describedanew
9enuSBO「neophystsfromSabah,Malaysia,andalsoupgradedtwoformersubgeneraof
APatOPhySSi togenericstatus:ParatophysisGREssITTetRoNDoN,1970,andEpjtophysls
GRESSITTetRONDON,1970. Inaddition,thegenusTrypogeusshouldbeincludedinthis
Subfamily(E.VIVES,pers.comm). Astheresult,sixgeneraofApatophyseinaeoccur
Revision of the GenusF,ormosotoxotus 197
in Asia: atopayszs, formosotoxotus, Paratophysls,◆pftophysls, orneop ysisand 「rypo-
geus.
HindwingvenationofthegeneraApatophysis,Artelida,Mastododera,Formosotoxo-
tusandTripogeusareillustratedinFigs.1-8forcomparison.
GenusFlormosotox:otusHAYAsHI,1960
Fo,mosotoxotusHAYAsHI,1960,1;typespecies:ArtelidaaslatlcaMATSUSHITA,1933=ToxotitltSl au「lP11oSuS
KANO,1933. - HAYAsHl&VILLIERS,1985,27,31.
Bodystout,short,entirelycoveredwithadpressed1onghairs.Headshort;mandi-
bleslargeandsharp;genaaslongasthewidthacrosseye;antennainsertedlaterallyat
somedistancebeforeeye;eyecoarselyfacetedandemarginatebehindantennalinsertion;
temperagraduallynarrowedposteriorly,notconstricted. Pronotumwithconicallateral
tuberclesandtwopairsofdiscaltubercles,theanteriorpairofwhichislarger thanthe
posterior one; presternal processnarrow andslightly dilated at apex; acetabula of
procoxaeclosedornarrowlyopenedposteriorly;mesosternumwithoutstridulatoryfiles
andwithacompletesubcuticular longitudinalmedianblack linevisiblethrough the
translucentcuticle;surfaceofcuticlewithouttransversestriation, indistinctlyreticulate.
Elytrabroaderthanpronotum,almosttwiceaslongasbasalwidth,almostparallel-sided
orslightlynarrowedposteriad. Hindwingvenationasin Figs 5-7. Legs rather long;
tibiadilated andusually flattened apically; hind tarsuswith first segment as longas
secondandthirdcombined. Medianlobeofmalegenitalialongerthantegmen,widened
frommedianstruts indorsal view;medianstrutslonger thanhalf of total lengthof
median lobe;median foramenroundlyopened.
Notes. ThisgenushasverycloserelationwiththegenusApatophysls, inparticular
bythefeaturesofhindwingvenation, thestructureofmalegenitalia,laterally inserted
antennalscape,andtwopairsofdisca1tuberclesofpronotum,but it isdistinguishableby
rather short antennae, irregularlyarrangedpubescenceon dorsalsurface, hind tarsus
with first segment not longer than second and third combined, abdomen of female
entirelycoveredbyelytra, andsoon.
Fo,rmosotox:1otusauripi1osus (KANO,1933)
(Figs5,9,13-14)
T,oxotinusaltripi1os1lsKANO,1933,263; typelocality:Tattaka(7,300ft.inalt)nearMusha,CentralFormosa
(Cerambycinae,sensulate). - TAMANUKI,1939,69, fig 25. (Senocorini)
Arte11daasiatlca MATSUSHITA,1933,172;typelocality: Hozan,Formosa. (Toxotini)
Paranthophylaxaslattcus:GREssITT,1951,50,51. (Xy1osteini)
T,o_xot11s(T1oxotinus)atlriplIos11s: GREssITT,1951,56,58. (Stenocorini)
Specimensexamined. ld1',Sziuaniakou,Taichung,Taiwan,25-V-1999, M.SAT0
leg; l Anmashan, Taichung, Taiwan, 25~28-IV-2002, N. 0HBAYAsHI leg; l
, ,
Meifeng,Nantow,Taiwan,25-IV-1976,K.MAsuMoT01eg;1早,Sungkang - Meifeng
198 Nobu0OHBAYASHI
Figs 9-12. Male genitaliaof Formosoto;xlotusspp. - 9, F aurlpi1osus (Sziuaniakou, Taichung
Taiwan);10,F malaJ,anus (TanahRata,CHL,Malaysia);11,F takao1(Mt.Phu-Pan, Laos)
12,F masatakaisp nov. (Sikkim).
(2,044-2,127m), Nantow, Taiwan,19-V-1969,S.HIsAMATsuleg; l早,PiluShenmu
(2,200m), Hualien,Taiwan,25-VI-1989,M.SAT01eg.
F1ormosotoxotusmalayanusHAYAsHI, 1977
(Figs 6,10,15-20)
FormosotoxotusmalayanusHAYAsHI,1977,95; typelocality:CameronHighlands,Pahang,Malaysia.(Xy-
Iosteini). - HAYAsHI&VILLIERS,1985,33,pl 5, fig.13. (Xylosteini)
F1ormosotoxotus fulvopi1osus HAYAsHI, 1979, 3; type locality: Cameron Highlands, Tana Rata, Pahang,
Revision of the GenusF1ormosoto)cetus 199
Malaysia. (Xy1osteini). - HAYAsHI&VILLIERS,1985,33,pl 5,fig.14.(Lepturinae). Sy'l・'lOV・
Formosotoxotltssp:JENlS:,2001,34(pl 20),fig.137/101.(Apatophyseinae)
HAYAsHI (l977) firstdescribedF.' malayanus fromtheCameronHigh-
Notes.
lands. Twoyearslaterin1979,headdedanothernewspecies,F fulvopi1osusfromthe
samelocality. Accordingtotheoriginaldescriptions,bodylengthsoftheformerspecies
are10mm(theholotypemale)and15mm(aparatypefemale),andthatofthelatter
speciesare17mm(holotypemale)and21mm(aparatypefemale). In1985HAYASHI
&VILLIERSre-describedthesetwospecies,anddistinguishedthembythefollowingkey:
1. Bodybrownishred,coveredwithfulvoushairs; fronsseparatedfromclypeusbyan
arcuategroove; antennaeshorter than body inmale, gena shorter than eye-
diameter;elytraabouttwiceaslongasbasalwidth,discrathersimple.10-15mm
F malayanus
- Bodydark reddishbrown,coveredwithpalefulvoushairs; fronsseparated from
clypeusbyastraighttransversegroove;antennaefairlylongerthanbodyinmale,
genaaslongaseye-diameter;elytraalittlelongerthantwiceaslongasthebasal
width disc with four disca1costae. 17-21 mm F fulvopiiosus
My examinationof aseries ofspecimenscollectedon theCameron Highlands
showedthat thedifferencesbetweenthetwospeciesdescribedbyHAYASHIareintra-
specificvariations. Thedifferenceofantennallengthandelytra1proportionindicatedin
the key is not a specific featurebut asexual difference, because theholotype of
Folrmosoto:xlotusmalayanusdescribedasmaleinhisoriginaldescriptionwasafemale.
Other differential characteristics also depend on thesexual dimorphism, or on the
differenceofbodysize. Body lengthsof thespecimensexaminedarequitevariableas
follows: 6.8, l l.2, 11.5, lt.9, 12.0, 12.7, 16.0, 17.1mm in male and 7.5, 8.6, 9.9
(holotypeofF malayanus),11.0,11.2mminfemale,respectively. Disca1costaeofthe
elytraaredistinctinlargespecimens,andtheconditionof fronto-clypea1suturediffers
withindividuals. Asaresult,F fulvopi1osusishereplacedasajuniorsynonymofF
malayanus.
Specimensexamined. 1早 (Holotype), Tana Rata, Malaysia, 22-I-1976, Y.
KIYoYAMAleg. (FolrmosotoxotusmalayanusHAYASHld'l) (M.HAYASHICo1l.0MNH
[98-32]); 6 4早早, Mt. Jasar, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, III-1985,
,
nativecollector; l TanaRata,C.H.L.,Malaysia,16-I-1980,coll.H.DETANI; l
, ,
TanaRata, Malaysia, 14-I-1980, coll.N.NIsHIKAwA.
F,ormosotox::otusuenoi N. OHBAYASHI, 1995
(Figs 21-22)
F,ormosoto;x;otus ue,101 N.OHBAYAsHl,1995,437, figs. l-6; typelocality: Mt. Berangin,W. Kalimantan,
Indonesia. (Lepturinae)
Specimenselcamined. 1 (Holotype), Mt Berangin,W. Kalimantan, Indonesia,
200 NobuoOHBAYAsHI
VIII-1992,Collectedbyanative;1早(Allotype),Mt.Saran,W.Kalimantan, Indonesja,
IX-1992,collectedbyanative.
Formosoto;c'etustakaoiNIIsATo,1996
(Figs.11,23)
Fo'「mOSOto:ofetustakao1NIISATo,1996,101,figs.1&2;typelocality:NearSapa,LaoCalProvince,North
Vietnam. (Stenocorini)
Notes. ThisspecieswasfirstdescribedfromasinglespecimencollectedinNorth
Vietnam,andasecondspecimenisnewlyrecordedfromnorthernLaos. Thespecimen
f「omLaosshowssomedifferencesintheproportionofpronotumwhichisslenderer than
thatoftheVietnamesespecimen. Forexample,pronota11engthis0.90timesaslongas
maximumwidthofpronotuminsteadof0.84,andalsopronota11engthIsl27timesas
longasapicalwidthof pronotum, insteadof 1.14. Until further specimensbecome
available,thisdifferenceisconsideredintraspecificor localvariation.
Specimensexamined. 1 (Holotype),nearSapa, LaoCalProvince,NorthViet-
nam,25-III-l995,N.KATsURAleg; ld'l,Mt.Phu-Pan,BanSaleui,XamNeuaProv.,
Laos,28-III-2005,J.YAMAsAK01eg.
Fo,rmosoto;x:otusnobuoiVIvEset NnsATo,2006
(Figs7,24-25)
Flo「mOSOtoC)etusnobuo1VIVESetNIIsATo,2006,273,figs.1&2;typelocality:Taplejung,ca2,000minalt
NechiProvince,E.Nepal.(Xy1osteini)
Specimensexamined. 8 39-9 (Paratypes), Taplejung, ca 2,000m in alt.
,
NechiProvince,E.Nepal, l3~18-VI-2000,localcollectors.
Formosotox;:otusmasatakaisp
nov.
(Figs.10,26)
Male. Lengthl3.5mm,width4.5mm. Bodyrobust, rathershort;colorchest-
nutbrown;maxillarypalpusreddishbrown;mandibles,lateralmarginoflabrum,and
marginal areaofscutellumblackish;antennayellowishbrownexcept for scapeand
pedicel,whicharedarkerthantheremainingsegments;legsyellowishbrownexcept for
darkenedapicalareaof femoraand first tarsalsegments.Bodyentirelyclothedwith
adpressedpaleyellowpubescence,ratherlongonhead,shortandfineonpronotum,and
onelytraarrangedinwhorlscausingmarbledappearance.
Headincludingmandibles longer thanpronotum, gradually narrowedposteriad
behindeyes;mandiblesstout,long,glossydorsally,protrudingmediallyandprovided
withhairsonoutersidesofbasalhalf;labrumtwiceaswideaslong,gentlyarcuateat
sideandsubtruncateat apicalmargin,clypeusnarrowlytransverse; fronsdepressed
RevisionoftheGenusFormosotoxotus 201
/
/
f
、
本
20
、
,
,
、
/
/
l
1
21 22 ,
Figs.13-26. Habitus of F,ormosotoxotus spp. - 13, F auripi1osus (Taiwan), male; 14, ditto,
female;15-17,Fmalaya川ts (CHL,Malaysia),male;18-20,ditto,female(20=holotype);21,F.
uenoj(w.Kaljmantan,Borneo),holotypemale;22,ditto,paratypefemale;23,F takaoi (Laos);
24, F nobuo1(Nepal), paratype male; 25, ditto,paratype female;26, F masatakal SP nov.
(Sikkim), holotype.
202 NobuoOHBAYASHI
mediallywithelevatedlateralridges;agrooveextendingfrombaseoffronstovertexbut
not reachingocciput; antennal tuberclesstronglyelevatedandextending forwards to
lateral ridgesof frons;vertexslightlyswollenonbothsidesofmediangroove;occiput
transverselydepressed. Eyesverycoarselyfaceted,large,distinctlyprominent laterad,
almostovalandslightlyemarginatebehindantennalinsertions. Antennaslenderthough
eachsegmentisthickenedapically,flattenedfromfifthtothelastsegments,notreaching
theapexofelytra;scapegentlycurved, thickenedapicadandproducedocto-apically;
thirdsegmentslightlyshorterthanscapeandlongerthan fourth,seventhsegment the
longest;relativelengthofeachsegmentasfollows:26:10:24:21:28:27:29:25:25:
21:27. Maxillarypalpuswithlastsegmentwidestnear themiddle,2.6timesaslongas
wide,slightlynarrowedtoward theroundlytruncateapex.
Pronotumtrapezoidalwithconicalandnearlyrectangular lateral tubercles,widest
acrossthetubercles,1.42timeswider thanlong,narrowlymarginedatapexandbase;
basel20timesaswideasapex;discprovidedwithtwodistinctpairsofobliqueanterior
androundedposteriorswellings. Presternalprocessstronglynarrowedbetweencoxal
cavities, then triangularly dilatedapically; acetabulaofprocoxaeclosedposteriorly;
mesosternumwithoutstridulatoryfiles,withablackmedianlongitudinal line;scutellum
nearly tongue-shaped.
Elytrawidestathumeri, twiceaslongaswide,slightlynarrowed fromhumeri to
apicalfifth,thengentlyroundedtobluntsuturalapex;discslightlyconvexatbothsides
behindscutellum, then attenedaroundbothsidesalongsuture,denselycoveredwith
shallowandminutesetigerouspuncturesthroughout.
Legs stout andmoderate in length; femora clavate; all tibiaecompressed and
widenedapicadwithroundedouterangles;hindtarsuswiththefirstsegmentaslongas
second and third combined.
Malegenitalia:- Medianlobe127timesaslongastegmen,slightlycurved,ventral
sidebisinuateinlateralview;dorsalplatewiderthanventralplate,graduallynarrowed
apicadwithroundedapexinapicalthird,notreachingtheapexofventralplateindorsal
view; median struts 0.62 times as longasthe total lengthofmedian lobe;median
foramenopenedasroundemargination. Tegmenwithlateral lobesshort,one-sixthas
Ion9asitstotallength;apicalareaoflaterallobesprovidedwithmoderatelylongsetae;
roofoncedeeplyemarginatebehindthebaseoflaterallobes;ringedpartthjck,almost
parallel-sided, thennarrowed towardunconnectedbase.
Holotype. ,Sikkim,1890,HARMAND(MUS.HIST.NAT). Nofurtherdata
are available. The holotype ispreserved in the collection of the Museum natjona1
d'Histoirenature11e,Paris.
Etymology. Thespeciesisdedicated tothelateProf.Dr. MasatakaSAT0 for the
memoryofhisgreatcontributiontotheentomology.
Notes. This new species can bedistinguished from the knownspecies by the
followingkey.
RevisionoftheGenusFo,rmosoto;xotus 203
Key to theSpeciesoftheGenusF,ormosoto;x:otus
1. Elytradistinctlyconvergent posteriorly f auripifosus
- Elytraalmostparallel-sidedorslightlynarrowedposteriad 2
2. Elytra provided with several large deeply impressed punctures, the pubescence
around thosepuncturesradiallyarranged F. uenoi
- Elytrawithoutlargepunctures;elytra1pubescenceirregularlyarranged. - - - -3.
3. Apicesofeighthtotenthantennalsegmentsangulateexternally. __- -Fnobuoi
- Apicesofeighthtotenthantennalsegmentsnotangulate 4
4. Vertexdeeplyandwidelyconcave F malayanus
- Vertexshallowlyandnarrowlyconcave
5. Alltibiaestronglycompressedandarcuatelydilatedoutwards(femaleunknown)
F takaoi
- A11tibiaeslightlycompressedandnotdistinctlydilatedoutwards(femaleunknown)
f masata al'sp nov
要 約
大林延夫: Fo,rmosotoxotus属の再検討とシッキム産1新種の記載. - 台湾のキンケカタビロ
ハナカミキリを基準種として創設されたFlormosotoxotus属には, これまで6種が知られていた
が, このうちマレーシアのキャメロンハイランドから記載されたF fulvopi1osusHAYAsHI, 1979
は, 同じ産地から記載されたFmalayanusHAYAsHI,1977と同種と認め, 前者を後者のシノニム
とした.また,パリの自然史博物館に所蔵されていたシッキム産の1新種を,故佐藤正孝博士に
献名してFmasatakaiとして記載した. また, 従来ハナカミキリ亜科に含められていた本属の分
類学的位置について検討し, 後翅翅脈や雄交尾器などの形態がApatophysls属にきわめて近いこ
とから, ニセハナカミキリ亜科Apatophyseinaeに含めるべきであるとした.
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djscussionofsystematicpositionofthegenusApatophysisCHEvR.(Col.,Cer).Ent.0bOZ「.,58:821-828・
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