Table Of ContentZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 26(1): 174–181 23 JUNE 2017
A review of the subspecies of Zegris eupheme (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)
from the former USSR
Обзор подвидов Zegris eupheme (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)
на территории бывшего СССР
S.K. KORB
С.К. КОРБ
S.K. Korb, Nizhny Novgorod State Research University, Chair of Zoology, 23A Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod
603009, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
A brief review of three subspecies of Zegris eupheme (Esper, [1804]) known from the territory
of the former USSR is proposed and its diagnostic features are listed. The neotype of Zegris
eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] and lectotypes of Z. eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-
Haas, 1927, Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832 and Papilio eupheme Esper, [1804] are designated.
Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] is synonymized to Zegris eupheme erothoe
(Eversmann, 1832); Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, 1921 and Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921 are
synonymized to Zegris eupheme menestho (Ménétriés, 1832).
Проведена краткая ревизия подвидов Zegris eupheme (Esper, [1804]), известных с терри-
тории бывшего СССР, и определены их диагностические признаки. Обозначены неотип
Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] и лектотипы Papilio eupheme Esper,
[1804], Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832 и Z. eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-Haas, 1927. Zegris
eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] синонимизируется с Zegris eupheme erothoe
(Eversmann, 1832); Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, 1921 и Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921
синонимизируются с Zegris eupheme menestho (Ménétriés, 1832).
Key words: butterflies, distribution, Pieridae, Zegris, subspecies, primary types, new synonyms
Ключевые слова: бабочки, распространение, Pieridae, Zegris, подвиды, номенклатурные
типы, новая синонимия
INTRODUCTION lost; no type specimens were found either
in the Museum für Naturkunde in Ber-
In the recently published book about lin (where one part of Herrich-Schäffer’s
butterflies of Europe and Mediterranean
Macrolepidoptera collection purchased
(Tshikolovets, 2011), the species-group by O. Staudinger is preserved), nor in the
taxon Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich- Zoologisches Staatssammlung in München
Schäffer, [1850] has a species rank. This (where another part of collection bought by
rank was supported exclusively by exter- J. Bastelberg is now presented). In process
nal features, namely by “…more developed of the present work some other type speci-
white spots on underside of hindwings…” mens have been found, name-bearing types
(Tshikolovets, 2011: 123), which is surely have been designated, and distribution of
insufficient for delimitation of the very subspecies have been clarified.
variable representatives of the genus Zegris The status and position of subspecies,
Boisduval, [1836]. Unfortunately, the type distributed outside the former USSR (uar-
material of this taxon has been probably da Hemming, 1929 from North Israel and
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes
S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME 175
Jordan; larseni Pittaway, 1986 from North- Zegris eupheme eupheme (Esper, [1804])
West Saudi Arabia; meridionalis Lederer, (Figs. 1a, b; 3–5, 10, 11)
1852 from Spain; maroccana Bernardi, 1950
Papilio eupheme Esper, [1804]: 105, tab. 113,
from Middle and High Atlas mountain ridg-
figs 2, 3. Type locality: “…in der Gegend von
es in Morocco), are not considered here.
Sevastopel in Taurien”. Type material is not
found yet; it may be lost (Nekrutenko, 1990:
MATERIAL AND METHODS
77), but recently some types of E.J.C. Esper
have been already found in the collection of
Material from the following collections Staatssammlung München, Germany (Grie-
was studied: Zoological Institute of the Rus-
shuber, 2006: 86).
sian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Zegris eupheme Esp. ♀ ab. modesta Alphéraky,
Russia (ZISP), Zoological Museum of the 1908: 563. Type locality: Taganrog vicin-
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ity. Established clearly as an infrasubspecific
(ZMMU), Zoological Museum of the Kazan taxon, thus unavailable. Type material not
University, Kazan, Russia (ZMKU), Finn- studied.
Zegris eupheme Esp., ab. ochracea Alphéraky,
ish Natural History Museum of the Univer-
1913: 228. Type locality: not stated. Estab-
sity of Helsinki, Finland (ZMUH), Museum
lished clearly as an infrasubspecific taxon,
für Naturkunde Leibniz-Institut für Evolu-
thus unavailable. Type material not studied.
tions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin,
Zegris eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-Haas, 1927:
Germany (ZMHU), numerous private col- 40. Type locality: “Thianchan sept.: Kuld-
lections and the author’s own material, col- scha, Ili Gebiet… am Flusse bei Lepsa beim
lected in various parts of South Russia (Vol- Balkasch See (Siebenstromland)” by the
gograd, Saratov, Astrakhan Provinces) and original description, “Lepsa” (now Lepsi
South Kazakhstan (Alma-Ata Province and settlement in the Alakol distr. of Almaty
Province, northern foothills of Dzhungarsky
Dzhungarian Alatau Mts).
Alatau Mts., Kazakhstan) after the lectotype
designation. Type material in ZMHU (stud-
TAXONOMY
ied). Treated here as a synonym of the nomi-
native subspecies.
The most elements of wing pattern in
Zegris eupheme are very variable, especially Type designation. The original descrip-
white spots and green or greenish pattern tion of Papilio eupheme based on two speci-
in the hindwing underside, shape of discal mens (first from P.S. Pallas, second from K.
spot in the forewing upper side, etc. (Fig. 1). Blöber). According to this reason and by
The genital structures are not so variable. the rules of Art. 74.4 of the ICZN (1999),
According to my study of 20 male genitalia a male specimen figured in tab. 113 (fig. 2,
preparates from different regions (Russia: 3) of the Esper’s book “Die Schmetterlinge
Saratov Prov., Sinenkie; Astrakhan Prov., in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Be-
Dosang; Crimea, Sevastopol; Kazakhstan: schreibungen” is designated here as a lec-
Atyrau Prov., Inderskoe Lake; China: Kuld- totype of Papilio eupheme (Esper, [1804]);
ja; Turkey: Amasia; Spain: Malaga), most both figures and original description are re-
variable is the shape of valva which dorsal printed here (Fig. 10).
edge can be straight or curved (Figs 2, 3). The original description of Zegris euphe-
Basing on the variability, which have clinal me sulphurea based on the uncertain number
type from north to south (especially good of specimens from the collections of Tancré
visible in wings pattern; see Fig. 1), we and Staudinger (ZMHU). According to this
may conclude that the populations of Z. eu- reason and by the rules of Art. 61.1 and Art.
pheme from the left shore of Volga presents 74.1 of the ICZN (1999), a male specimen
one subspecies, from the right shore, sec- with labels: “eupheme / sulphurea / OBH”
ond subspecies, and southwards from Great (white paper, handwritten); “Horae Macro-
Caucasus Ridge, third subspecies. lep. / Vol. I abgebildet / t. – f. – / beschrieb
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
176 S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME
Differences between Zegris eupheme subspecies
Feature/
eupheme menestho erothoe
subspecies
Dark-greenish and yellow-
orange, both colors almost Greenish or light-
Hindwing equally presented in males, greenish and purely Greenish; orange and
underside dark-greenish more yellow, the latter is yellow normally never
coloration developed in females more developed in both present
(yellow-orange may be males and females
completely reduced)
Big and long-oval, with
Small and rounded or Small and rounded,
distinct borders; size of
White spots square, with distinct with indistinct borders
spots is quite variable,
on hindwing borders; may present or in northern specimens
but they are always
underside almost absent in specimens and almost absent in
bigger (up to 30%) than
from the same population southern specimens
in other subspecies
Fig. 1. Wing pattern of Zegris eupheme: a, Sarepta (typical eupheme); b, Kuldja (paralectotypes of
sulphurea); c, Amasia (menestho); d, Indersk (erothoe). Scale 1 mm.
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME 177
Figs 2–9. Type specimens of Zegris eupheme. 2, 3, male genitalia (2, tschudica, neotype; 3, sulphurea,
lectotype); 4–9, general appearance (4, 5, sulphurea, lectotype; 6, 7, tschudica, neotype; 8, 9, erothoe,
lectotype). Even numbers, upper side, odd numbers, underside.
p. 40” (white paper, printed/handwritten); “LECTOTYPUS ♂ / sulphurea / B.-H. /
“ex coll. / STAUDINGER” (white paper, S.K.Korb des. 08–16.01.2013” (red paper,
printed); “Studied by S. Korb / ZMHB / printed, with handwritten sex, name and
042K/2013” (white paper, printed); “Lep- authorship), is designated here as a lecto-
sa / Hbhr.” (brown paper, handwritten); type of Zegris eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
178 S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME
Fig. 10. Original de-
scription of Papilio
eupheme (after Esper,
[1804]).
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME 179
Figs. 11–13. Labels of Zegris eupheme primary types. 11 – sulphurea, lectotype; 12 – tschudica, neo-
type; 13 – erothoe, lectotype.
Haas, 1927 (Figs 3, 4, 5, 11). Two specimens khan Province, 47°31´54´´N, 47°07´57´´E].
(male and female) are designated as para- Type material in ZISP and ZMKU (studied).
lectotypes. Anthocharis eupheme var. tschudica Herrich-
Schäffer, [1850]: 20, taf. 94, figs 449, 450),
Distribution (Fig. 14). Crimea, southern
syn. nov. Type locality: not specified in the
part of Eastern Europe northwards to Khar-
original description [Kirgis steppes, N.-W.
kov Prov. in Ukraine and Ulyanovsk Prov.
Kazakhstan] (Tshikolovets, 2011: 123). In
in Russia, eastwards to the sands on the left
the revision of S. Alpheraky (1913: 229) it is
bank of Volga river in Astrakhan, Volgograd
the following list of localities for this taxon:
and Samara Provinces, and southwards to “Gouriev, Astrakhan; Perse méridionale;
the northern slope of the Great Caucasus ?Emba inférieure; ?lac. Indersk”. The city of
and northern sands of Kazakhstan; South- Gouriev (=Guryev) is now Atyrau, admin-
East Kazakhstan: northern foothills of istrative center in North-West Kazakhstan.
Transili Alatau Mts., Dzhungarsky Alatau Type material lost.
Mts., western spurs of Ketmen Mts. and Type designation. Four male specimens
Saisan lake environs. The following records of Pontia erothoe from the collection of E.
are known to me only by the published data:
Eversmann are found: one in the Zoological
Barnaul (Tshikolovets et al., 2009), Omsk
Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences in
(Kosterin, Ponomarev, 2002), Tengiz Lake
St. Petersburg and three in the Zoological
(Lukhtanov, Lukhtanov, 1994). It is still
Museum of the Kazan University. Accord-
not found in South Ural and adjacent terri-
ing to this reason and by the rules of Art.
tories at the current time; only 2 rather old
61.1 and Art. 74.1 of the ICZN (1999), a
male specimens from R. Püngeler collection
male specimen kept in ZISP with labels:
labelled “Ural, Miass” are known.
“Coll Eversmann” (white paper, printed);
“Zegris / eupheme / =erothoe Ev.” (white
Zegris eupheme erothoe (Eversmann, 1832) paper, handwritten); “Kalmukken | Steppe”
(Figs 1d, 2, 6–9, 12, 13) (white paper, handwritten); “Lectotypus
♂ / Pontia erothoe / Eversmann, 1832 /
Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832: 351, taf. 20, figs
Nouv. Mém. Soc. imp. Nat. Mosc. / II: 351–
1, 2. Type locality: “…in monticulis Tschapts-
352, tab. 20, f. 1, 2 / S.K. Korb design. 2014”
chatschi deserti australioris inter Rhym-
num et Wolgam” [now station Chapchachi (red paper, printed) is designated here as
(Чапчачи), Kharabolinsky district, Astra- a lectotype of Pontia erothoe Eversmann,
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
180 S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME
Fig. 14. Distribution map of Zegris eupheme subspecies. Black squares, eupheme (type locality with
asterisk); white squares, menestho (type locality with asterisk); black circles, sulphurea (type locality
with asterisk); grey circles, erothoe (type locality of erothoe with square, type locality of tschudica
with asterisk); white circles, localities of material known to the author only by the literary data.
1832. The specimens kept in ZMKU, all Distribution (Fig. 14). Only known from
with two handwritten labels “Eupheme / k the North-West Kazakhstan, environs of
141” and “Des[ertum]Kirg[isorum]/g”, are Atyrau, Inderbor (lake Inderskoye) and
designated as paralectotypes. north-eastern coast of Caspian Sea south-
The original material of Anthocharis
wards to Shetpe, and at the right bank of
eupheme var. tschudica probably lost, and
Volga river (Astrakhan Prov.: Dosang, Bog-
selection of name-bearing type is necessa-
do-Baskunchak Nature Reserve).
ry to define the nominal taxon objectively.
According to this reason and by the rules
Zegris eupheme menestho
of Art. 75 of the ICZN (1999), the oldest
(Ménétriés, 1832)
known male specimen in the collection of
(Fig. 1c)
Staudinger (ZMHU) clearly determined
as belonging to this taxon (mounted under
Pieris menestho Ménétriés, 1832: 245. Type local-
the label “var. Tschudica”) with labels: “In-
ity: “Mont. Taliisch, …Lenkoran”. Type mate-
dersk / Chr.” (white paper, printed); “ex
rial (lectotype and paralectotype, designated
coll. / STAUDINGER” (green paper, hand-
by Nekrutenko, 1990: 75, pl. 27, fig. 2) in
written); “Studied by S. Korb / ZMHB /
ZISP.
041K/2013” (white paper, printed); “NEO-
Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, in Rowland-Brown,
TYPUS ♂ / Zegris eupheme tschudica / 1921: 151, syn. n. Type locality: “…at Fathah
Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] / Syst. Bearb. eur. on the right bank of the Tigris”. Type mate-
Schmett. 6: 20, taf. 94, figs 449, 450 / S.K. rial not studied.
Korb design. 2013” (red paper, printed) Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921: 591–592,
is designated here as a neotype of Zegris syn. n. Type locality: Fathah, right. bank
euphe me tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850]. river Tigris. Type material not studied.
© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
S.K. KORB. SUBSPECIES OF ZEGRIS EUPHEME 181
Remarks. Pieris menestho, now treated Eversmann E. 1832. Lepidopterorum species
as subspecies of Zegris eupheme, has rather nonullae novae gubernium Orenburgense
wide range in Western Asia. Two other sub- incolentes. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société
imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 2: 349–
species of the latter, Z. eupheme dyala and
354.
Z. eupheme tigris, have the same type local-
Grieshuber J. 2006. Revision of Colias myrmi-
ity and should be synonymized; moreover,
done (Esper, [1781]) (Lepidoptera, Pieri-
this locality is placed within the range of
dae). Helios, 7: 84–104.
Zegris eupheme menestho. So far as the origi- Herrich-Schäffer G.A.W. 1843–1856. Syste-
nal descriptions of both subspecies dem- matische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von
onstrate characters going into the scope of Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Sup-
variability observed in Zegris eupheme me- plement zu Jakob Hübner’s Sammlung Euro-
nestho, it is quite reasonable to synonymize päischer Schmetterlinge. Regensburg: Manz.
here all three names. 18 + 8 + 178 + 72 + 24 + 48 S.
Hesselbarth G., van Oorschot H. & Wage-
Distribution (Fig. 14). Transcaucasia,
ner S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Türkei, unter
Turkey, North-West Iran, Syria, and Leba-
Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Länder.
non, northwards to the southern slope of
Bocholt: Selbstverlag Sigbert Wagener.
Great Caucasus Ridge.
1198 S.
Kosterin O.E. & Ponomarev K.B. 2002. New
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS data on the fauna of butterflies (Lepidoptera,
Diurna) of the city of Omsk and its closest
I am very glad to thank curators of the Lepi-
surroundings. Euroasian Entomological Jour-
doptera collections: S.Yu. Sinev and A.L. Lvovsky
nal, 1(1): 111–114.
(Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of
Lukhtanov V.A. & Lukhtanov A.G. 1994. Die
Sciences), A.V. Sviridov (Zoological Museum of
Tagfalter Nordwestasiens. Herbipoliana, 3:
the Moscow State University), L. Kaila (Finn-
1–440.
ish Natural History Museum of the University Ménétriés E. 1832. Catalogue raisonné des ob-
of Helsinki), W. Mey (Museum für Naturkunde
jets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au
an der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin), who Caucase et jusqu’aux frontières actuelles de
provided me possibility to work with its mate-
la Perse, enterpris par ordre de S.M.Empereur.
rial; and to A.Yu. Matov (Zoological Institute
St.-Petersburg: Imp. Acad. sci. 304 p.
of the Russian Academy of Sciences) for provid-
Nekrutenko Y.P. 1985. The butterflies of Crimea.
ing photographs of the type specimen of Pontia
Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 154 p.
erothoe. For information and pictures of the type
Nekrutenko Y.P. 1990. The butterflies of Cauca-
specimens of Pontia erothoe from Kazan Univer-
sus. Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae,
sity as far as for the critical reading of this manu-
Danaidae. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 216 p.
script and valuable additions and corrections I
Riley N.D. 1921. Some undescribed Rhopalo-
am very thankful to V.V. Zolotukhin (Ulyanovsk
cera from Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia;
State Pedagogical University).
and other notes. The Annals and Magazine of
Natural History, 98: 590–600.
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© 2017 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 26(1): 174–181
