Table Of ContentA PERSONALITY THEORY OF CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY
A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE
DOCTOR OF MINISTRY
BY
GARY LEE BALDWIN
WINEBRENNER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
FINDLAY, OHIO
AUGUST 4, 2012
Copyright © 2012 by Gary Lee Baldwin
All rights reserved
A PERSONALITY THEORY OF CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY
A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE
DOCTOR OF MINISTRY
BY
GARY LEE BALDWIN
APPROVED BY:
Tommy Smith 7-31-12
Project Mentor Date
Charles George Fry 7-19-12
External Reader Date
Mrs. Katie M. Erickson 7-11-12
Writing Stylist Date
M. John Nissley 7-11-12
Doctor of Ministry Director Date
WINEBRENNER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
FINDLAY, OHIO
AUGUST 4, 2012
CONTENTS
TABLES ………………………………………………………………….... xi
ILLUSTRATIONS ..……………………………………………………….. xii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………………………..... xvi
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………... xviii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT ……………….. 1
Statement of the Problem .………………………………………….. 3
Purpose of this Study ………………………………………………. 4
Research Methodology …………………………………………….. 5
Research Questions ………………………………………………… 9
Significance of the Study …………………………………………... 11
Assumptions and Limitations of the Study ………………………… 16
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………… 17
Theological Terms …………………………………………. 17
Psychological Terms ……………………………………….. 18
Organization of the Study ………………………………………….. 19
CHAPTER TWO: BIBLICAL AND THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS .. 22
Old Testament Anthropology ………………………………………. 24
Basar (Flesh) ……………………………………………….. 27
Ruach (Spirit) ………………………………………………. 29
iv
Nephesh (Soul) ……………………………………………... 32
Leb (Heart) …………………………………………………. 34
A Summary of Old Testament Anthropology ……………… 35
New Testament Anthropology ……………………………………... 39
Soma (Body) ………………………………………….…...... 42
Sarx (Flesh) ……………………………………………….… 44
Psyche (Soul) ……………………………………………….. 46
Pneuma (Spirit) …………………………………………...... 46
Kardia (Heart) ……………………………………………… 49
Nous (Mind) ………………………………………………… 50
Suneidēsis (Conscience) ……………………………………. 51
Inner and Outer Person ………………………………….….. 51
New Testament Anthropology Generalized ……………….. 53
CHAPTER THREE: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND OTHER
SOURCES ON NEUROLOGY ……………………………………………. 59
The Historically Unappreciated Brain ……………………………… 59
The Mystery of the Brain …………………………………………… 61
An Overall Description of the Brain ……………………………….. 63
Understanding the Human Brain …………………………… 66
The Hindbrain …………………………………….… 69
The Midbrain ………………………………….…..... 69
The Forebrain ………………………………………. 70
The diencephalon …………………………… 70
The telencephalon ………………………….. 71
v
The frontal lobe …………………….. 76
The parietal lobe ....……………….... 77
The occipital lobe …………………... 78
The temporal lobe ……………….….. 78
The motor cortex ………………….… 79
Dendrites and Axons: The Primary Stuff of the
Brain ………………………………………………… 80
Metaphors, . . . metaphors, . . . and more metaphors! 84
Modern Theories of the Mind/Brain Problem ……………………… 85
Materialism: A Reductionist’s Paradise ……………………. 86
Dualism: “Is There a Soul?” …………………………….….. 92
Wholism: The Hologram Brain in a Hologram Universe ….. 97
The Brain As Hologram ………………….……….… 101
Memories Recalled and Memories Forgotten …........ 101
The Brain As a Repository of Vast Amounts
of Information ………………………………………. 101
Pribram Takes the Next Logical Step ……................ 102
From Hologram to Wisdom ………………………………… 109
Summary ………………………………………................................ 114
CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
PROCEDURES …………………………………………………………….. 117
Defined Approaches to the Relationship Between Theology
And Psychology …………………………………………………….. 118
The Scripture Against Psychology Model ……………….…. 118
The Scripture Of Psychology Model …………………….…. 119
vi
The Scripture Parallels Psychology Model ……………….… 121
The Scripture Integrates Psychology Model ……………….. 123
Following An Integrative Approach …………………………..…… 124
Theology Proper—Psychology as Science ………….……… 127
Anthropology—Personality ………………………………… 127
Hamartiology—Psychopathology ………………………….. 128
Soteriology—Developmental Processes …………………… 128
Christology—Counselor ……………………………………. 129
Ecclesiology—Group Process ……………………………… 130
Eschatology—Reward, Expectations, and Goals ………...... 130
The Integrative Approach Proposed ……………………….............. 128
The Importance of Philosophy In the Work of
Integration ………………………………………………….. 132
The Significance of Philosophical Differences
and Changes ………….…………………………….. 132
How These Philosophical Changes Have
Influenced Modern Theology …………….……….. 135
How These Philosophical Changes Have
Influenced Modern Psychology …………..………... 135
The Significance of Phenomenology For This
Integration Approach ……………………………………….. 140
CHAPTER FIVE: A PERSONALITY THEORY OF HUMAN
SPIRITUALITY ……………………………………………………………. 143
The Commandment—the Significance of Words or
Language …………………………………………………………… 148
How Words Become In Fleshed ……….…………………… 155
vii
Perceptual Experience: The Prelude to
Language …………………………………………… 165
The Structure of Parts and Wholes ………… 165
Indentity in Manifolds ……………............... 166
Presence and Absence ……………............... 167
Other Contributors to Phenomenological
Analysis …………………………………………….. 168
The Phenomenology of Memory ….............. 169
The Imagination in Phenomenology ……….. 170
Temporality ………………………………… 171
Perceptual Experience Is the Beginning of
Language …………………………………………… 174
The Prelinguistic or Sublinguistic …………. 174
The Development of the Normal Use
of Words ……………………………………. 175
Language That Expresses
Declaratives ………………………………… 176
Philosophical Language ……………………. 177
Words Bring Another Presentation of the
Phenomenological Mind …………………………… 179
The Purpose of Language ………………………….. 182
The Meal—The Significance of How Words Create Persons
Through Relationships ………….………………………………….. 184
The Person and the Experience of God ……………………. 190
A Phenomenological Model of the Person and the
Experience of God …………………………………. 194
viii
A Phenomenological Model of the Person and the
Experience of Evil ………………………………….. 199
The Relatedness of God and Humanity In a Meal ................ 209
.
The Faith Underlying the Holy Eucharist ………….. 209
The Holy Eucharist as the Incarnation of God …….. 212
The Phenomenological Mechanics of
Holy Eucharist ………….…………………………... 215
The Tabernacle—How God’s Glory Through Words and the Spirit
Now Resides Within Humanity—Making It a New Creature ……... 223
Conclusion ………………………………………………………….. 231
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION,
RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………… 233
Summary ……………………………………………………………. 235
Findings …………………………………………………………….. 239
Healing Through Psychology ………………………………. 242
Modern Psychology As a Healing Ministry of the Church … 246
A Christian Model of Psychotherapy ………………………. 248
Process and Explanation of Treatment: Domain 1 … 254
Process and Explanation of Treatment: Domain 2 … 256
Process and Explanation of Treatment: Domain 3 … 258
The Importance and Need For a Personality Model ……….. 260
From Psychology to the Care of the Soul ………………….. 266
A General Understanding of Spirituality …………………... 270
The Different Personalities and Spiritualties For
“Tuning In” To God ………………………………………... 285
SJ Spirituality ………………………………………. 292
ix
SP Spirituality …………………………………….… 297
NF Spirituality ……………………………………… 302
NT Spirituality ……………………………………… 308
Practical Guideline for Developing One’s
Spirituality ………………………………………….. 312
The Enneagram: Another Tool for Spiritual Discernment … 316
The Gut Center ……………………………………... 327
The Heart Center …………………………………… 328
The Head Center ……………………………….…… 329
Further Subtypes ………………………………….… 330
Some Concluding Remarks for Spiritual Direction As
Presented in this Project …………….……………………… 334
Conclusion ……………………………………………………..…… 335
Recommendations ………………………………………………..… 342
APPENDIX A …………………………………………………………….... 346
WORKS CITED ……………………………………………………………. 352
x
