Table Of Content植物研究雑誌
J. Jpn. Bot.
74: 251-255 (1999)
A Note on Pustulate or Sorediate Species of Cetrariastrum
(Parmeliaceae)
Syo Kurokawa
939-_JAPAN
(Received on February 12，1 999)
Pustulate or sorediate species of Cetrariastrum are revised. An ew species，C.
chilense，is described from Chile. It is related to C. sorocheilum，a w idely distrib-
uted species，f rom which it is readily distinguished by the presence of rhizines on
the lower surface. The differences between C. columbiense and C. subplanum are
discussed and C. subplanum is reported from eastern Asia. A key to the pustulate
and/or sorediate species of the genus is given.
Key words: Cetrariastrum，C etrariastrum chilense，C etrariastrum subplanum，p us-
tulate or sorediate species
When he studied lichens of Colombia， Pustulate or sorediate speccies of
Sipman (1980) adopted Everniastrum pro- Cetrariastrum are widely distributed in
posed by Hale (1976) and established the tropical and subtropical areas in the world.
new genus Cetrariastrum，to which he ac- However，s ome of them are unfortunately
commodated three species. Culberson and not well understood by lichenologists. In the
Culberson (1981) argued that Everniastrum present paper，al l pustulate or sorediate spe-
Hale (1976) had not been validly published cies of Cetrariastrum are revised and an ew
in the absence of ar eference to aL atin di- species with soredia is described from Chile.
agnosis and poihted out that it was an omen In addition，a k ey to the species belonging
invalid. On the other hand，h owever，t hey to the present group will be given.
accepted the validity of the generic name
Cetrariastrum proposed by Sipman (1980). Cetrariastrum catawbiense (Degel.)
At the same time，t hey did not consider W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. in Bryologist 84:
Everniastrum in the sense of Sipman as a 281 (1981).
distinct genus and treated all species under Parmelia sorocheila var. catawbiensis
it as members of Cetrariastrum. Even Dege ，.lArk. Bot. 30A(3): 65 (1941). Type.
though Everniastrum was reinstated by U.S.A. Tennessee: Mt. Le Conte (Degelius
Sipman in 1986，th e author follows generic Herbarium)-holotype not seen.
concept of Cetrariastrum as circumscribed Parmelia curtata Kurok.，S tudies Cryp .t
by Culberson and Culberson (1981) in the Papua New Guinea 130 (1979). Type. Papua
present paper，si nce the differences between New Guinea. Western Highland District: En
these two genera as emphasized by Sipman route from Keglsugl to Kombugomanbuno，
(1980，1 986) are mainly based on vegetative Mt. Wilhelm，e levation 2800 m，H .
characters. Kashiwadani 11223-holotype in TNS.
-251-
252 植物研究雑誌第74巻第4号 平成11年8月
Everniastrum planum Sipman，P roc.
Koninklilke Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen，
Ser. C，83 : 349 (1980)，n om. invalid.
Everniastrum catawbiense (Degel.) Hale
ex Sipman，M ycotaxon 26: 239 (1986).
The present species is quite similar to C.
sorocheilum in having terminal or subtermi-
nal soralia，wh ich sometimes spread over the
upper surface of lobes. However，it is
clearly distinguished from the latter by the
production of gyrophoric acid rather than
salazinic acid in the medulla，as pointed out
by Hale and Wirth (1971).
It is known from the U.S.A.，C osta Rica， Fig. 1. Holotype of Cetrariastrum chilense
Venezuela，E cuador，P apua New Guinea， Kurok. Scale indicates mm.
Ug anda (Culberson and Culberson 1981)
and Mexico.
dulla 85-90μm thick，l ower cortex brown-
Cetrariastrum chilense Kurok.，sp . nov. ish，1 0-13μm thick. Apothecia not seen.
Thallus ut in Cetrariastro sorocheilo，s ed Although the lobes are shorter and ali ttle
ciliis brevibus et thallo inferiore sparce vel more robust，t he present new species (Fig.
modice rhizinato. 1) is quite simi1ar to C. sorocheilum in hav-
Type. Chile. Aisen: En route from ing terminal and/or subterminal soralia，
Coihaique to Coihaique Alto，7 00-800 m which often spread over the upper surface of
al ，.ton bark of Notofagus sp. in open dry lobes. However，ci lia are very short (usually
place，H . Kashiwadani 18434-holotype in 0.2-1.0 mml ong) and the lower surface is
TNS. sparingly to moderately rhizinate (rhizines
Chemistry. Atranorin，sa lazinic acid，fa tty 0.5-1.2 mml ong)，w hereas C. sorocheilum
acids (+ or一). lacks rhizines on the lower surface，al though
Thallus adnate to closely adnate on bark only af ew rhizines may be found very
of trees or on rocks，m ineral gray，4 x 5 -8 rarely.
cm broad; lobes dichotomously or The present species also resembles C.
subdichotomously divided，s ublinear elon- catawbiense，f rom which it is distinguished
gated，1 -3 mmw ide，m ore or less involute by the production of salazinic acid and the
or flat，m argins sparingly ciliate，ci lia 0.2- presence of rhizines on the lower surface of
1.0 mml ong，si mple or sometimes furcate; lobes.
upper surface smooth，f aintly maculate， So far as known，t he present species
sorediate，s oredia farinose to subglanular， seems to be locally common but is known
soralia termianl or subterminal，s ometimes only from ar estricted area in Aisen in Chile.
spreading over the upper surface，l ower sur- Specimens examined. Chile. Aisen: the
face black with brownish terminal zone， same locality as the holotype，H .
usually wrinkled，s paringly or moderately Kashiwadani 18402 and 18434 (TNS);
rhizinate，r hizines black，s imple or rarely Around Coihaique，ca . 300 m al ，.ton rocks
squarrosely branched. Thallus 130-150μm in open place，H . Kashiwadani 18153
thick; upper cortex 12-15μm thick，al gal (TNS).
layer subcontinuous，2 5-30μm thick，m e-
August 1999 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 74 No. 4 253
Cetrariastrum columbiense (Zahlbr.) Specimens examined. Ecuador. Quito: Eucaryptus
W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. in Bryologist 84: forest on E-exposed slope of mount Pichincha，b elow
television antenna，o n branchlets of overhanging
285 (1981).
shrubs on perpendicular bank，al t. ca. 3350 m，H .
Parmelia granulosa Vain. in Hedwigia
Sipman 7806 (TNS). Peru. Dept. Cuzco: Between
38: 123 (1899)，n on P. granulosa (Ach.)
Marcapata and Achubamba，a long the road from
Mart. in 1817. Type. Columbia: Prope Marcapata to Quicemilla，i n wet forest in 'C吋ade
Bogota，J. Weir-holotype in BM( not seen) Selva' zone，P rov. Quinspicanchis，o n rocks，al t.
and isotype in TUR (Vainio Herbarium no. 2600-2800 m，H .Kashiwadani 21848 (TNS); Around
Challabamba，i n ‘Ceja de Selva' zone，P rov.
3129).
Paucartambo，al t. 2800 m，H . Kashiwadani 21893
Parmelia columbiensis Zahlbr. in Cat.
(TNS); Around Chinllahuacho，b etween Cuzco and
Lich. Univ. 6: 61 (1930)，n om. nov. Limatambo，a long road in dry valley，Pr ov. Anta，al t
Everniastrum columbiense (Zahlbr.) Hale 3200-3300 m，H . Kashiwadani 21253 and 21282
ex Sipman in Mycotaxon 26: 239 (1986). (TNS); Habaspampa，a bout 5 km NE of
The present species is characterized by Ollantaytambo，d ry area with narrow mixed forest
along river，P rov. Urubamba，al t. ca. 3000 m，H .
dense continuous verrucae formed on almost
Kashiwadani 21377 (TNS).
whole upper surface as seen in an isotype of
Parmelia granulosa preserved in TUR (Fig.
Cetrariastrum sorocheilum (Vain.)
2-A) and the distinctly wrinkled lower sur-
W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. in Bryologist 84:
face. Verrucae are often opened at the top to
292 (1981).
form soredia and look very much like pus-
Parmelia sorocheila Vain. in Hedwigia
tules formed on all over upper surface.
38: 123 (1899). Type. Columbia: Prope
The distribution range of the present spe-
Bogota 8500'，J. Weir-holotype in BM( not
cies is restricted to Columbia，E cuador，V en-
seen) and isotype in TUR (Vainio Her-
ezuela and Peru (Culberson and
barium no. 3124).
Culberson 1981).
Fig. 2. Soralia or pusutles formed by species of Cetrariastrum. A: Verrucae or pustules formed on al-
most whole upper surface of an isotype of Parmelia granulosa preserved in TUR. B: Subteminal and
submarginal soralia obseved in an isotype of Parmelia sorocheila preserved in TUR. C: Pustules formed
in group by Cetrariastrum subplanum (Kurokawa no. 18 collected in Taiwan). Scales indicate mm.
254 植物研究雑誌第74巻第4号 平成11年8月
Everniastrum sorocheilum (Vain.) Hale & with Pinus，A bies，B uddleia and Clethra，
Sipman in Mycotaxon 26: 292 (1986). elevation 3100 m，R. S. Egan EI-10639-
The present species is characterized by holotype in US.
the presence of subterminal and/or submar- The present species is characterized by
ginal soralia which sometimes spread over the presence of typical pustules formed in
upper surface，a s seen in an isotype pre- group on the upper surface of lobes (Fig. 2
繭
served in TUR (Fig. 2-B). As Culberson and C). Pustules are usually opened at the top
Culberson (1981) pointed out，a tranorin， and sorediate. It has long been known only
salazinic acid and fatty acids are constant from the type locality in Mexico (Sipman
components and traces of galbinic and/or 1986). Even though they have much more
protocetraric acids are occasionally demon- linear-elongate narrow lobes usually
strated only by TLC in this species. canaliculated below，f our specimens col-
This species is widely distributed in tropi- lected in southeastern Asia are identical with
cal and subtropical zones and has been re- this species. As in other species of
corded from Chile，C osta Rica，E cuador， Cetrariastrum，fa tty acids (protolichesterinic
Guatemala，J ava，M adagascar，M exico，N ew acid and its related compounds) seem to be
Zealand，th e Philippines，T anzania and Ven- accessory compounds in the present species，
ezuela (Culberson and Culberson 1981) since fatty acids were not reported in the
and Papua New Guinea (Kashiwadani 1975， holotype by Sipman (1986) but were dem-
Kurokawa 1979). ln the present study，Ta i- onstrated in four specimens collected in
wan and Peru are added to be included in southeastern Asia.
the distribution range and specimens col- The present species may be easily con-
lected only in these areas are cited below. fused with C. sorocheilum，w hich is widely
Specimens examined. Taiwan. Mt. Nanfutasan，el - distributed in tropical and subtropical areas
evation 2400-2600 m，S. Kurokawa 1023 (TNS); Mt. and has subterminal and/or submarginal
Chiensan，M t. Shinkaosan，el evation 3100-3300 m，S.
soralia (Fig. 1). However，th e present spe-
Kurokawa 248 (TNS). Peru. Anchash: Purampum，
cies is clearly distinguished from the latter
cerros al. S. de Chiquian，P rov. Bolognesi，e levation
by laminal pustules formed in group.
about 3530・m，E.Cerrate 3143 (TNS). Dept. Cuzco:
Around Chinllahuacho，b etween Cuzco and Cetrariastrum subplanum may be also
Limatambo，al ong road in dry valley，Pr ov. Anta，alt. confused with C. columbiense. However，
3200-3300 m，H . Kashiwadani 21284 (TNS); Be- typicallaminal pustules are formed in group
tween Marcapata and Achubamba，a long the road
in the former，w hereas laminal continuous
from Marcapata to Quincemille，Pr ov. Quinspicanchis，
verrucae becoming pustules cover almost
in wet forest in ‘Ceja de Selva' zone，al t. 2699-2800
m，H . Kashiwadani 21784 (TNS); Abra Aりanaco， whole upper surface in the latter. ln addi-
near Paucartambo，P rov. Paucartambo，in upper part tion，s mooth upper surface is commonly
of ‘Ceja de Selva' zone，a lt. 3400-3500 m，H . observed in C. subplanum but it is rarely
Kashiwadani 22037 (TNS). observed only near the top of lobes in C.
columbiense.
Cetrariastrum subplanum (Sipman)
The distribution range of the present spe-
Kurok.，c omb. nov.
cies now includes Taiwan，t he Philippines
Everniastrum subplanum Sipman in
and lndonesia in southeastern Asia as well
Mycotaxon 26: 244 (1986). Type. Mexico. as恥1exico.
Michoacan，C iudad Hidalgo，a bout 1k m
Specimens examined. Taiwan. Mt. Ali，e levation
from Mirador Atzimbo on road to Puerto 2200 m，S. Kurokawa 18 (TNS，US ，M EL); the same，
Garnacia 49 km by road W of Ciudad S. Kurokawa 19 (TNS，U S). The Philippines. Second
Hidalgo on road to Morelia，c onifer forest growth pine forest，Hi ll above barrio of Mt. Data，el -
August 1999 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 74 No. 4 255
evation about 2000 m，M . E. Hale 26200 (US，T NS). Dr. P.T. DePriest of the Department of
Indonesia. Java: Mt. Lawae，el evation 3160-3265 m， Botany，U . S. National Herbarium，
v. Leewen 776 (TNS). Smithsonian Institution and Dr. S. Stenroos
of the Department of Biology，U niversity of
An artificial key to the pustulate or
Turku for the loan of type specimens.
sorediate species of Cetrariastrum is given
below. It is noted here that the key includes
References
all species with pustules or soredia，b ut
Culberson W. L. and Culberson C. F. 1981. The gen-
isidiate species are not included. era Cetrariastrum and Concamerella
1. Thallus sorediate，s oredia farinose to (Parmeliaceae): A chemosystematic synopsis.
granular Bryologist 84: 273-314.
2. Lobes erhizinate or very rarely with Hale乱1.E. 1976. Synopsis of an ew lichengenus，
Everniastrum (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 3: 345-
only af ew rhizines below
353
3. Medulla P+ o range yellow，co ntain-
一一一andWirth M. 1971. Notes on Parmelia subge-
ing salazinic acid.…C. sorocheilum nus Everniiformis with description of six new spe-
3.Medulla C + rose，c ontaining cies. Phytologia 22: 36-40.
gyrophoric acid....…C. αctawbiense Kashiwadani H. 1975. Enumeration of Anaptychiae
and Parmeliae of Papua New Guinea. In: Otani Y.，
2. Lower surface sparingly to moderately
Reports on the cryptogams in Papua New Guinea
rhizinate…… ・・..…...・ ・-…・C.chilense
75-85.
H H H
1. Thallus pustulate，p ustules often opened Kurokawa S. 1979. Enumeration of species of
at tops Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa S.，
4. Pustules formed in group ・... ・ Studies on cryptogams of Papua New Guinea 125-
H 148.
…C. subplanum
Sipman H. J. M. 1980. Studies on Colombian cryp-
4. Pustules formed on nearly all
togams X. The genus Everniastrum Hale and re-
over the upper surface ….. lated taxa (Lichenes). Proc. Koninklijke Nederl.
…C. columbiense Akad. Wetensch.，se r. C，83 : 333-354.
一一一1986.Notes on the lichen genus Everniastrum
The author expresses his sincere thanks to (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 26: 235-251.
黒川 遺:粉芽あるいはパスチュールをもっツノ
マタゴケ属の地衣
粉芽およびパスチュールをもっツノマタゴケ属 して記載した.また メキシコから記載されたc.
の地衣は亜熱帯から温帯にかけて広く分布してい subplanum (ニセコナツノマタゴケモドキ，新称)
る.これらの地衣について検討し，Cetrariastrum と，近縁のC.columbienseとの区別点を明らかに
sorocheilum (コナツノマタゴケモドキ，来庁手本)に するとともに， C. subplanumが台湾を含む東南ア
似ているが裏面に仮根のある仁 chilenseを新種と ジアにも分布していることを示した.
(富山市・・・・・・・
