Table Of ContentNEW
A
SYMPHORICARPOS
SPECIES,
GUATEMALENSIS
(CAPRIFOLIACEAE),
FROM GUATEMALA WITH A KEY TO THE
AND
MEXICAN GUATEMALAN
SPECIES
KIRK
JUSTIN WILLIAMS
Department Botany
of
University Texas
of
TX
87
Austin, 7 U.S. A.
13,
1 Symphorkarpos have revealed the existe
)m the Cuchumatanes Highlands of Gu;
species oi Symphorkarpos from Mexico
le
Recientes estudios de Symphorkarpos mexicar
los
de una nueva especie, que se describe e ilustra a c
de Guatemala. Ademas, se ofrecen claves y mapas
de Mexico Guatemala.
y
Key Words:
Symphorkarpos, Caprifoliaceae, Guatemala, Mexico.
SymphoricarposguatemalensisJ.K.
Williams,
sp. nov. (Fig.
1)
HBK.
Symphorkarpj mtcrophyllo simiUs sed differt fauce corollarum glabra et floribus ac foliis
m
much-branched, young
Erect shrub, 2 tall, twigs strigose. Leaves oval
mm mm
with rounded apices, tapering toward base, 3-6 long, 2-3 wide, dark
green above, margins entire, glabrous to slightly villous, coriaceous; petioles up
mm mm
to long. Flowers solitary or in pairs; pedicels up to 0.5 long, with
1
mm
mm
two 2-3 1-2
apical bracteoles wide; calyx glabrous, long, irregularly
5-toothed; corollas white, narrowly campanulate, actinomorphic, papillate to-
mm
mm, mm,
4-6
wards base within, long, tubes 3-5 lobes 1-2 stamens
erect;
mm
epipetalous, barely exserted, anthers .0-1 long, half the length of
1 5 ca.
5
,
.
mm
3^
filaments; style glabrous, long, stigma capitate. Fruit a globose berry,
mm
6—7
(10) long, white, and tipped with persistent calyx.
Distribution and Ecology: Limestone ridges of the Sierra de los Cuchuma-
Guatemala 3000-3500 m;
tanes in (Fig. flowering July to September.
2),
SW
^UEHUETENANCK): 3 mi of San Mateo, Ixtatan, 5 Aug 1965, D.£.
;:TEX!;isotype:F!,MO).
-4kr^
Symphamarpoi gua
tenia
letisi
I.
GUATEMALA.
Huehuett
lined:
iSWofSar
(F);
/
1
ma 30022 MO); betwee Llanos San Miguel, road
\ 1 t<
Nov 21248 12-23
xoy, 17 1967, Molina (F); dry slopes of El Mirador, Jai
SW
mi Mateo
16303 along road San Pedro Soloma, of San Ixtatan
2a (F); to 3
BreeJlope 11544 (F); limestone ridge near Chemal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes
,
Nov LO.
32, L.O. Williams 21979 (F); just below Calveras, 29 1962, William
KM
9N
de Cuchumatanes, 31 on Ruta Nacional (between Paqui:
5ierra los at
1
j Aug
small limestone ridge uniperm standleyi, 2 1959, Beamati 298^_
^'it'a
1),
Tunima, de Cuchumatanes, 6-^7 1942, Steyermark 4SJ()4
Sierra los Jul (F)
r
in region of Chemal, 31 Dec 1940, Standley 81624 (F); rocky ridges beneatl
Cuchumatanes, 15 Sep 1934, Skutch 1253
(F).
1
,
Williams, Symphoricarpos guatemaL
and mkrophyllm
area) (square
S.
This narrow endemic of the de Cuchumatanes member
Sie los a of
is
L
subgenus Anisanthus G.N. Jones evidenced by
les 1940), as the corolla
(
lobes shorter than the corolla and included
tul its style. Symphoricarpos
most
guatemalensis is similar to S. ^ophyllus but differs in its glabrous (vs.
t,
villous) corolla throat, dark brownish-green leaves light green), and
(vs.
and The
leaves flowers of half the dimension. leaves of guatemalensis are
^.
mm mm
3-6 long and 2-3 wide, compared which
to those of microphyllus
5.
mm
mm
10-25 7-15
long and wide
are (Fig. In addition, the corolla
3).
mm
mm,
4-6
length of compared 9-1
guatemalensis
^. is to in S. microphyllus
(Fig.
1).
monograph,
In his Jones (1940) reported that species oi Symphoricarpos
other than found Mexico and
S. microphyllus, are rarely in further south.
Accumulating
collections from Mexico, however, have shown
that the ge-
more
nus prevalent there than once suspected. In order to place the new
IS
species in a broader perspective and to provide a preliminary taxonomic
evaluation of the Mexican and Central America have
species, constructed
I
key
a to the species oi Symphoricarpos in this area based on specimens housed
TEX.
BRIT, LL, and Characters used to delineate taxa have been es-
at F,
sentially adopted from Jones (1940) and Gray (1873).
Symphorkarpos divided into two subgenera: subg. Symphorkarpos char-
is
,
and
by an and longer than the tube,
acteri2ed exserted style corolla lobes
and
subg. Anisanthus, characterized by an included style corolla lobes shorter
member
than the tube. There only one of subg. Symphorkarpos,
S.
is
orbkulatus, native to Mexico. All other species in Mexico and Central America
belong to subg. Anisanthus.
GUATEM/iLAN SPECIES OF YMPHORIC/\RPOS
J ^
orbtadam
S
an tube; red
fru.its I
2 S
longtflorus
SE
aiway !s!n-)asalnecu,ncs
style
,
m
long, glabrous w.rh
mm
S-lUmmlong,villo
wide; corolla.
5
sofoldei branches.entire... 4. S.mkrophy/l//s
-
Lrchmg, 1-] leaves of older
AN OVERVIEW OE THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES
Moench
Symphoricarpos
orbiculatus
member
This the only of the subg. Symphoricarpos native to Mexico; other
is
species of the subgenus occur throughout North America and Asia. This par-
unique genus having
ticular species to the in red fruits (Fig.
is 5).
MEXICO.
Representative specimens: Coahuila: Muzquiz, along Sabine River, Jul 1936,
1 1
Marsh 475 (TEX). Nuevo Leon: Monterey, Diente Canyon, 20 Mueller 103 TEX).
Jul 19.30, (F,
Symphoricarpos longiflorus A. Gray
mm
1-13
This species distinguished by salverform corollas long, the
is its 1
among
largest of any corolla the Symphorkarpos of Mexico. Other features that
characterize this species are its sessile anthers and solitary basal nectary (all other
Mexican taxa have nectaries). Another feature which helps separate this
five
species from other Mexican Symphorkarpos a pubescent style; this a plastic
is is
The
character, however, and not always reliable. foliage and style of populations
in Mexico range from completely glabrous (in Baja California) to pubescent (in
Chihuahua)
northern
(Fig.
4).
MEXICO.
.epreseiitative specimens. Baja California Norte: Sierra San Pedro Martir,
slope Cerro de Culpa, 31° 02'N, 115° 27'W, 27 Jul 1970, Moran 17890 (TEX).
east la
)f
c
nlLm
Hen (TEX).
l'2866
HBK.
Symphoricarpos microphyllus
some-
Symphorkarpos microphyllus the largest of the Symphoricarpos species,
is
from
times attaining a height of over 2 meters. readily distinguished
It is S.
and and by having
palmeri S. parishii in its erect habit all its leaves entire (Fig. 3).
This the most widespread Symphoricarpos species in both Mexico (Fig. 4)
is
and Guatemala Throughout most of range microphyllus pubes-
(Fig. 2). its S. is
but there a rather large isolated population of glabrous individuals
cent,
is
in the Sierra Madre Oriental along the border of southern Coahuila and the
Nuevo
Midwestern Leon border
(Fig.
4).
GUATEMALA.
Representative specimens. Chimaltenango: slopes ofVolcan de Acatenango,
above Las Calderas, Jan \9i9,Standley 61833 Volcan deAgua, 22 Jul 1951 J.R.Johnston
3 (F);
summit
9iO El Progresso: between Calera and of Volcan Siglo, 21 Jan l9A2,Steyermark
(F).
43042 Huehuetenango: from San Juan Atitan, 8 Sep 1942, Steyermark 52018
across river
(F).
Aug 50566
Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan, 15 1942, Steyermark (F).
(F);
N
km
Summit Madre Dec
Quezaltenango: of the Sierra Mts, 15 of Ostuncalco, 9 1963, L.O.
N
km
Williams 25536 (F); Sierra Madre Mts, 5 of Ostuncalco, 8 Dec 1963, L.O. Williams
N
km
25472 Cuesta de El Caracol, Sierra Madre Mountains, 5-8 of San Juan Ostuncalco,
(F);
department of Quezaltenango, Dec 1962, WilHams 22768 TEX); mts SE of Palestina,
1 1 (F,
along new road to San Juan Ostuncalco, 2 Jan I94l, Standley 84354 (F); Volcan Santo Tomas,
1
22 Jan 1940, Steyermark 34804 (F); Volcan Santo Tomas, 22 Jan 1940, Steyermark 34804 (F);
Volcan Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus, Los Mojadas, and summit of volcano, 2 Jan
1
Mar
940, Steyermark 34050 slopes of Volcan Santa Maria, above Palojunoj, 6 1939, Stand-
(F);
1
67668 mts above Olintepeque, 20 Feb 1939, Standley 65956 Volcan Santa Maria,
ley (F); (F);
27 1934, Sk/ach 870 Sacatepequez: Slopes of Volcan de Agua, above Santa Maria de
Jul (F).
summit
Feb 1939, Standley 65108 San Marcos: between Sibinal and of Volcan
Jesus, (F).
1 1
Tacana, 19 Feb 1940, Steyermark 36080 Totonicapan: ravines in Sierra Madre mts near
(F).
VillaLasCruces,8kmSWofTotonicapan, 13Dec 1963, VZ/Y/z^m 22969 Nebuloso de
L.O. (F);
Nov
Maria Tecun, 21 1965, Molina 15886(F).
MEXICO.
Chiapas: Zinacantan, 6 Oct 1986, Ton 9333 (TEX); San Juan Chamula, 2 Jun
Apr 668
988, Ruiz 883 (TEX); Valley floor of Zinacantan Center, 1 3 1 966, Laughlin (F); slope
1
Aug
Oak 7127
with and Pine, along road to Zontehuitz near Piedrachitas, 25 1964, Breedlove
Nab Chamula
(F); near Ik'al lake, on the boundary between and Zinacantan, along road to
along road to Oxchuc and Ocosingo, 21 Sep 1972, Breedlove 277 50 (F). Coahuila: Sierra El
25°
Coahuilon, Arteaga, 17 Jun 1991, H/Kf<?« 20992 (TEX); Sierra Pilote de Fierro, lO'N,
25°
101° 25'W, 24 Oct 1991, Carranza 1221 (TEX); Las Vigas canyon. Sierra de Arteaga,
20'N, 100° 39' W, Jun 1987, Villarreal 3739 (TEX); Sierra la Marta E of Cerro Moro, 22 Jul
5
(BRIT-SMU).
19^5, Gtnzburg 141 (TEX); Muzquiz, Sabmas river, Jul 1936, AI^rj/>47^
1 1
Distrito Federal: volcanic SE side of D.E, 12 Jul 1947, Barkley 2215 (TEX); Desierto de
soil,
SW
los Leones, 5 Nov 1942, Steyermark 52250 (F). Durango: canyon head, 5 1 mi of Durango,
Aug 13727 (BRIT-SMU, TEX). Guanajuato: San Miguel de
13 1957, Waterfall F, las Casitas,
Hwy NE
mi E
8 Sep 1990, Ventura 8692 (F). Hiidago: on 104 of Pachuca, 49-7 of Ajacuba,
Aug
10 Jul 1985, a/i^^« ^493 (TEX); San Vicente, 16 1937, F;j/^er 3 7i9i (F); upper cliffs
near Metepec Station, 27 Jun 1904, Prtngle 13010 (F); Sierra de Pachuca, 20 Jul 1901,
Pnngle 9480 (F). Jalisco: Nevado de Colima, brecha entre El Izote y la Micronda las Viboras,
NE
5 Feb 1992, Chazaro 6868 (TEX); slopes of Nevado de Colima, below Canoade Leoncico,
10 Sep 1952, McVaugh 1287^ (BRIT-SMU). Mexico: mi E of Amecameca, 31
Jul
1 1
LeDoux2037
1975, (TEX); between Toluca and Mexico, 24 Jul 1962, Moheeci 39 (TEX);
km km
pine forest of Las Crucea, 12 Jul 1932, Hinton 1013 2 SE of Totoloapan, 18 E
(F);
Aug
of Tezcoco, 10 Jul 1979, Koch 7949 valley in mountains, 16 mi E of Toluca, 18
(F);
1957, Waterfall 14067 (F). Michoacan: on road to Uruapan, 4 mi S of Cheran, 3 Nov
l958Jones 23326 (TEX), of Patzcuaro, Oct 1892, Pr;V^ 426/ Cerro Huashan,
hills (F);
1 1
km
2 S of Nahuatzen, 28 Jun 1990, Garaa 2724 Zitacuaro, 19 Aug 1938, Hwton
(F);
W W
km Hwy km
13120 (F); of Rancho Seco on 37, 2 of Morelos, 13 Sep 1986, Swage/
1
km
167 (F); 6 SE of Villa Madero, 30 Sep 1982, Nunez 4732 Morelos: Tepoztlon, 15
(F).
A340 Nuevo km
Jul 1938, Kenoyer Leon: 6 SE of La Trinidad, summit of one of the
(F).
Aug
picachos of Sierra Cebolla, 25° ll'N, 100° 07'W, 5 1988, Patterson 6174 (TEX);
SierraLaMarta,Galeana, 6Sep 1981, Hinton 18343 (TEX); Cerro, El Potosi, 21 Jun 1969,
SW
Htnton 17115 (TEX); mi of Pabillo, 21 Jul 958, Correll 19933 (TEX); Municipio
1 .5
1
Galeana, open pine forest near Cerro Potosi, 23 Jul 1938, Schneider 933 peak of Cerro
(F);
N
Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, 21 Jul 1935, Mueller 2236 (F); Sierra Potosi, by the
NE
hogback, 20 mi of Galeana, 26 Jul 1934, Mueller 1243 (TEX); Lerios Mts., Coahuila,
45 mi E of Saltillo, 10-13 Jul 1880, Palmer 390 (F). Oaxaca: Cerro Verde, Jul 1908,
Purpus3318{¥). Puebla: El Cimarron, 28 1971, Vetera 3954 (TEX); Chamizal, 20
Jul
el
,Ven, 22(F);
km
Barkley 2469 (F). Queretaro: 0.5 of Cuatro Palo<
,
Campo km
989, Carranza 21 10 (F); Alegre, 3 S of Sa
SW
km
3298 (TEX). San Luis Potosi: of Pozueln
7
Symphoricarpos
palmeri G. N.
Jo
Symphorkarpos palmeri a relativel
is
Trans-Pecos region of Te?
Mexico. recognized by trailing habit and crenate-mucronate leaves
It is its
The
of both flowering and non-flowering branches (Fig. species has mostly
3).
pubescent stems and but individuals with glabrous stems occur
leaves,
throughout range
(Fig.
its 5).
^ of Cerr
'1449
29°
06'N,
El
in,
Ja,
,
WNWc
:);4miWandlOmiSofOa
Aug
cacho del Centinela, 24
Symphoricarpos Rydb.
parishii
from Mexican by
distinguished the other taxa
Symphoricarpos parishii
is
trailing habit, entire leaves of the flowering branches, and lobed leaves
its
of the older non-flowering branches (Fig. Specimens studied from Mexico
3).
have glabrous stems, although pubescent individuals are found scattered
throughout range in the United States. This species has been regarded
its
as a variety of both oreophilm A. Gray by Cronquist et ai. (1984) and S.
S.
rotundif A. Gray by Dempster (1992), but this problem beyond the
alius is
paper
scope of the present (Fig.
5).
Fig. Distribution o Mexi
5. parish! (square) in
<'. i
MEXICO.
Representative specimens. Baja California Norte: Parque Nacional
Sierra
San Pedro Martir, Vallecitos, 31° 02'N, 115° 27.5'W, Sep 1985, Thome 61457 (TEX);
1
&
Sierra de Juarez, Parque Nacional Constitucion de 1857, Laguna Hanson adjacent rocky
May
flats and slopes, 26 1987, Thome 62362 (F); upper east end of Vallecitos meadow, 31°
Mom«
OO'N, 115°27'W, 3Jul 1973, 27082 (TEX).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
would warm Guy
like to give special thanks to the very and generous Dr.
I
Nesom
for suggesting this project to me, as well as for the Latin diagnosis and
many
Nancy Webber
fine readings of the manuscript. was beneficial in provid-
ing beautiful and expedient illustrations. Alan Prather and Dr. B. Turner
L.
TEX-LL
provided helpfol comments. Cooperation from BRIT-SIMU, and was
F,
much
also appreciated.
A
Dempster, L.T. 1992. nomenclatural change mSymphoricarpos. Madr
Gray, A. 1873. Revision of the genus Symphorkarpos.]. Linn. Soc, Bot
A
G.N. monograph
Jones, 940. of the genus Symphorkarpos. Arnol(
1
J.
