A New Species of Typhlochactas (Scorpiones, Typhlochactinae) from Eastern Mexico

2009·5.4 MB·English

by  Oscar F. Francke

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024
Number 3647, 11 pp., 7 figures, 2 tables June 25, 2009
A New Species of Typhlochactas
(Scorpiones, Typhlochactinae) from Eastern Mexico
OSCAR F. FRANCKE,1 VALERIO VIGNOLI,2 AND LORENZO PRENDINI3
ABSTRACT
Typhlochactas sissomi, a new species of troglomorphic scorpion in the subfamily
Typhlochactinae Mitchell, 1971, is described, based on a single subadult male collected under a
stone in a mesophilous forest in the mountains of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. This is the
seventh species in the genus Typhlochactas Mitchell, 1971. Although all seven species are
troglomorphic, four are troglobitic and two are humicolous. The new species described here is
probablyalso humicolous. A keyto the identificationof Typhlochactas speciesispresented.
INTRODUCTION in Cueva del Vandalismo, Tamaulipas (fig. 1).
Typhlochactas granulosus Sissom and
The genus Typhlochactas Mitchell, 1971 Cokendolpher, 1998 is known only from the
(Typhlochactinae Mitchell, 1971) contains holotype male, collected in Sotano de
six species of troglomorphic scorpions that Poncho, Veracruz. Typhlochactas reddelli
are endemic to Mexico (table 1). Four Mitchell, 1968 is known from the holotype
species are troglobites, known only from female and three juveniles collected subse-
caves in the Sierra Madre Oriental. The quently in La Cueva del Ojo de Agua de
othertwoareleaflitterinhabitantsofforests Tlilapan, also in Veracruz.The fourth troglo-
in the same Sierra and therefore considered bite, Typhlochactas rhodesi Mitchell, 1968, is
to be humicolous. known from three female specimens collected
Typhlochactas cavicola Francke, 1986 is in La Cueva de La Mina, Tamaulipas. The
knownonlyfromtheholotypefemale,collected twohumicolousspecies,Typhlochactasmitch-
1DepartmentodeZoologia,InstitutodeBiolog´ıa,UniversidadNacional Auto´nomadeMe´xico,Apto.Postal70-153,
Coyoaca´n,Me´xico04510([email protected]).
2DepartmentofEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofSiena,ViaAldoMoro2-53100,Siena,Italy([email protected]).
3DivisionofInvertebrateZoology,AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,CentralParkWestat79thStreet,NewYork,
NY10024-5192,U.S.A.([email protected]).
CopyrightEAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory2009 ISSN0003-0082
2 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3647
8;5 elli Sissom, 1988, known from two males and
98X U1
m,1OA uv. osynlevestsruibsaMduilttchefellmaanled, Paencdk, T1y9p7h7l,ockhnaocwtans
Sisso1977; Other -1,2j k. olinttleyr finrommotnhteanheofloorteysptes ifnemOaalxea,cian.habit leaf
mitchelli&Peck, 1juv. NewYor froImn toontalyl, tfhoeurgteenenussTpeycpihmloecnhsa.cAtasssisuckhn,otwhne
recent discovery of a fifteenth, representing a
T.mit.T.598;vestrisMitchell Paratypes -U1,1subad. UU21,1subad. NaturalHistory, wcncooofehlnwilTcetrhcyistbppetuhdehtlcioiisouecnshnd,adewcesitscrearsidsa.piegtsiTsncothrinofieibncieeassnitnbihtn.gaelseIseanedvsmpet(nhefeictesghio.mpp2sehrp)neielswcoeiounaenssst
dataer,19T.syluz. pe -1 umof fQoureesrtetairno,thaeppmrooxuimntaatienlys hoaflfwthaey sbteattweeeonf
TABLE1TyphlochactasMitchell,1971species,locality,habitatandspecimenT.cav.T.cavicolaT.gra.T.granulosus55follows:Francke,1986;Sissom&CokendolphelliT.rho.T.rhodesiT.sis.T.sissomiT.syl.555Mitchell,1968;Mitchell,1968;,n.sp.;555Oaxaca;QROQueretaro;TAMTamaulipas;VERVeracr MunicipioLocalitiesHabitatHoloty UGuemezCuevadelVandalismocave1-TlaquilpaSo´tanodePonchocave1-SanJoseTenangoCerroOcoteunderstonesburiedinlitter1UTlilapanCuevadelOjodeAguadeTlilapancave1UGo´mezFariasCuevadelaMinacave1JalpanCan˜adadeLaJoyaunderstone1subad.UValleNacionalValleNacional,25kmSlitter1 ´eInstitutodeBiologıa,UniversidadNacionalAutono´madeMe´xico,MexicoCity.eMuse´umNationald’HistoireNaturelle,Paris.AllotherspecimensdepositedattheAmericanMuse tttVlssohpcaSM(wta((ftMtCIAo1r11oaehhrntprnrtufeioeaomuo999kcareeesecoiMdmritclagtt797pshechneraa.eciorc´lln400iWtapnioceadroicsoettoncu)))tcraehikobrywmsopb,oipodTteiMmhsueuoepfooopti´dlfoemuuefeeshztioSnoletonatcrAeOoren,hfe(oiudaraaidrseuslisg1tdnreTtTafessmsNheasdlii9tcrie.ortMoxoiacitEnenpeh7arenrneahaual(mdcBliged0vRon2guccUlMcieatadpi)Mneltt0ihhwacolIoosiht,aViqtt0aisoeAp.(ef´wltietdeantLe1eto5srtuxiwbyatrronTaehLaauno9)Ngie-ipmploasecs,.tndt1lp9gr´hıreaeuttrohnaiAn0H0eigeahekendnr,,odu0s)etwotrNseojdMoeo,aMnm0estceioeisUfpneaaintltsloeDg.vcsoasirlieArlkeosnodetmlciuegenatxlSstaetfoinirPelhsMhniysd(dvhigneMnaab´ecl1curiehoeeneTioartcnntoole9tErproamefitZtnuPacastemf9osoaontTCfeuolismmirt-i0eotnrlddTdsdtt8wilerrlHiin)oscighioiooetaafnd0,gytmpmrocmyraonbiewesOndu0dehpaollae.cdftlyadaa;lihntsmcpuDseLin(tgsyNlpindtstC,hsuPoteiSieehhSutitVaoensrscaiainftaNrrSteisnnrseeftr(hgeaaaclstiiie,o2st,rsAnnenaislthcowhmootte0lisnchdgaaslnyeobmNgeot0tnoeytenonmiaphbhkrnoua0mrnaswwIi)nndddaeeeeeess-)tf-l.,i,
viationsasT.redd5 State TAM VER OAX VER TAM QRO OAX ositedatthositedatth r9i(nAe5m%MotCvehteeChd)anfArooamlmtfborttrohhseDeesNpAAeMcmiimosenoreielncalaltainonnCd,Mrpyisrouecsdseoeeulprlmveoecsdtiitoeoindnf
AbbreT.red. Species T.cav. T.gra. T.mit. T.red. T.rho. T.sis. T.syl. 1Dep2Dep Nmaatpusrawl eHreistporroyd,ucNedewusYinogrk.ArDcVisiterwibuGtioInS
2009 FRANCKE ETAL.: NEW SPECIESOFTYPHLOCHACTAS 3
Fig. 1. Map of Mexico showing type localities of known species of Typhlochactas Mitchell, 1968: T.
sissomi,n.sp.(1);T.rhodesiMitchell,1968(2);T.cavicolaFrancke,1986(3);T.reddelliMitchell,1968(4);
T. granulosus Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998 (5); T. mitchelli Sissom, 1988 (6); T. sylvestris Mitchell and
Peck,1977(7).
Version8.3(EnvironmentalSystemsResearch 2. Cheliceral fixed finger, median and basal teeth
Institute, Redlands, California) by superim- fused intoa bicusp. .. . .. .. . T. granulosus
posinggeoreferencedpointlocalityrecordson – Cheliceral fixed finger, median and basal teeth
separate, notfused. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3
spatial datasets of topography (contour inter-
3. Cheliceral movable finger with four dorsal
valsof500 m)andtheboundariesofMexican
teeth . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . T. cavicola
states.
– Cheliceral movable finger with five dorsal
teeth . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. T. rhodesi
4. Cheliceral fixed finger, median and basal teeth
SUBFAMILY TYPHLOCHACTINAE
fused intoa bicusp. .. . .. .. .. .. T. reddelli
Mitchell, 1971 – Cheliceral fixed finger, median and basal teeth
separate, notfused. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5
Typhlochactas Mitchell, 1971
5. Cheliceral fixed finger withfourteeth. .. .. .
.. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . T. sissomi, n. sp.
– Cheliceral fixed finger withthree teeth.. .. 6
KeytospeciesofTyphlochactasMitchell,1968
6. Cheliceral movable finger with four dorsal
teeth . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . T. sylvestris
1. Prolateral pedalspursabsent. .. .. . .. .. . 2 – Cheliceral movable finger with three dorsal
– Prolateral pedalspurspresent .. .. . .. .. . 4 teeth . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . T. mitchelli
4 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3647
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Fig.2. Typhlochactassissomi,n.sp.,subadult holotype(CNANT-0308),habitus.A.Dorsalaspect.B.
Ventralaspect. Scale5 5 mm.
2009 FRANCKE ETAL.: NEW SPECIESOFTYPHLOCHACTAS 5
-
Fig. 3. Typhlochactas sissomi, n. sp., subadult holotype (CNAN T-0308), dextral chelicera and
sinistral pedipalp chela finger dentition. A. Chelicera, dorsal aspect. B. Chela, movable finger dentition,
dorsal aspect. C. Chela, fixed finger dentition and distribution of trichobothria, dorsal aspect. Scales 5
0.5mm.
Typhlochactas sissomi, n. sp. subrow very short, comprising single denticle;
Figures 1–7, table 2 prolateral pedal spurs present on all legs.
RELATIONSHIPS: The trichobothrial pattern
-
TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype: 1 subadult of T. sissomi is similar to that of its congeners,
(CNANT-0308),leg(AMCC),Mexico:Quere- except that the patellar em group is displaced
taro:MunicipiodeJalpan:Can˜adadeLaJoya, distally. Typhlochactas sissomi resembles the
21u279230N 99u089260W, 1944 m, H. Montan˜o four troglobitic species of Typhlochactas in
andA.Valdez,12.vi.2004,rock-rolling. possessing four teeth on the cheliceral fixed
ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named in finger;thetwohumicolousspecieseachpossess
honor of Dr. W. David Sissom, West Texas onlythreeteeth.Asinmostspeciesofthegenus,
A&M University, Canyon, Texas, U.S.A., for thetwobasalteethonthecheliceralfixedfinger
his numerous contributions to scorpion tax- ofT.sissomiareclearlyseparated;thebasalteeth
onomy. arefused,formingabicusp,inT.granulosusand
DIAGNOSIS: Typhlochactas sissomi differs T.reddellionly.ThenewspeciesissimilartoT.
from all other species in the genus on the reddelli and T. rhodesi in possessing five dorsal
basis of the following combination of charac- teeth on the cheliceral movable finger, whereas
ters: cheliceral fixed finger with four teeth, the other species possess either three or four
median and basal teeth not forming a bicusp; dorsal teeth. As with T. reddelli and the two
cheliceral movable finger with five dorsal humicolousspecies,T.sissomipossessesprolat-
teeth; pedipalp chela fixed and movable eral pedal spurs, which are absent in the other
fingers each with six imbricated subrows of threetroglobites.Finally,T.sissomidisplayssix
denticles in median denticle row, terminal subrowsofdenticlesinthemediandenticlerow
6 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3647
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Fig.4. Typhlochactassissomi,n.sp.,subadult holotype(CNANT-0308).A.Carapace,dorsalaspect.
Scale50.5 mm.B.Sternum,genitaloperculum,pectinesandsterniteIII,ventralaspect.Scale50.5 mm.
2009 FRANCKE ETAL.: NEW SPECIESOFTYPHLOCHACTAS 7
legs, sternites, and telson vesicle, pale yellow.
Telson aculeus reddish-brown.
Chelicerae: Fixed finger with four distinct,
separateteethdorsally;medianandbasalteeth
separate, not forming a bicusp (fig. 3A).
Movable finger with five teeth dorsally and
strong, prominent serrula ventrally.
Carapace:Carapacesurfacessmooth,shiny;
posteromedian and posterolateral sulci shal-
low, broad; anterior margin straight; ocelli
absent (fig. 4A).
Pedipalps:Pedipalpfemurroundedincross-
section, with poorly defined carinae (fig. 5A);
dorsal and internal surfaces sparsely and
coarselygranular;ventralandexternalsurfac-
es smooth. Patella dorsointernal carina well
developed and coarsely granular; internome-
dian carina comprising only a basal granule;
dorsoexternal carina weakly developed,
smooth; all other carinae obsolete, smooth
(fig. 5B–D). Chela manus surfaces smooth
proximally, becoming moderately granular
medially (fig. 6A–D); dorsomedian, dorsal
secondary and ventroexternal carinae weakly
granular.Fixedandmovablefingerseachwith
six imbricated subrows of denticles in median
denticle row; terminal subrow short, compris-
ing one or two denticles (fig. 3B, C).
Trichobothria: Pedipalps orthobothriotaxic
Type C. Femur, patella, and chela with three,
19 and 26 trichobothria, respectively. Femur
with three dorsal trichobothria (fig. 5A): i, d,
e. Patella with 19 trichobothria (fig. 5B–D):
Fig. 5. Typhlochactas sissomi, n. sp., subadult three dorsal: d (petite), d (petite), i; two
- 1 2
holotype (CNAN T-0308), dextral pedipalp
ventral:v ,v ;and14external:et ,et (petite),
femurandpatellashowingdistributionoftrichobo- 1 2 1 2
et , est, em –em , esb , esb (petite), eb , eb
thria.A.Femur,dorsalaspect.B.Patella,dorsoex- 3 1 3 1 2 1 2
(petite), eb –eb . Chela manus with 16 tricho-
ternalaspect.C.Patella,externalaspect.D.Patella, 3 5
ventrointernalaspect. Scale5 1mm. bothria (fig. 6), two dorsal: Db (petite), Dt;
fourventral:V (petite),V –V ;and10external:
1 2 4
of both the fixed and movable fingers of the Et –Et , Et (petite), Et (petite), Est, Esb
1 3 4 5
pedipalp chela, as in T. rhodesi, whereas the (petite), Eb –Eb . Fixed finger with 10 tricho-
1 3
other species displaydifferent numbers and are bothria: four dorsal, distributed across proxi-
usually asymmetrical, with one less subrow on maltwo-thirdsoffinger:dt,dst,dsb,db(petite);
the fixed finger than on the movable finger four external, equally distributed: et, est, esb
(SissomandCokendolpher,1998:287,table1). (petite),eb;twointernal,situatedproximallyon
DESCRIPTION: This description is based on finger:it,ib(fig. 6A–C).
the holotype and only known specimen Legs: Prolateral pedal spurs present.
(fig. 2), complete measurements of which are Retrolateral pedal spurs absent. All surfaces
provided in table 2. coveredwithscatteredtransparentmicrosetae.
Color: Cheliceral manus pale yellow, teeth Basitarsi with fewer setae than telotarsi.
lightbrown.Carapace,pedipalps,tergites,and Basitarsus I, ventral surface with short rows
metasoma, straw-colored.Coxosternalregion, of closely aligned, distally directed spinules.
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Fig. 6. Typhlochactas sissomi, n. sp., subadult holotype (CNAN T-0308), dextral pedipalp chela
showing distribution of trichobothria. A. Dorsal aspect. B. External aspect. C. Ventrointernal aspect. D.
Ventralaspect. Scale5 1 mm.
2009 FRANCKE ETAL.: NEW SPECIESOFTYPHLOCHACTAS 9
-
Fig. 7. Typhlochactas sissomi, n. sp., subadult holotype (CNAN T-0308), metasoma and telson,
dorsolateral aspect. Scale51 mm.
10 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3647
TABLE2 Basitarsi, retrolateral surfaces with very short
Meristic datafor Typhlochactassissomi,n. sp., row of tiny spinules distally. Telotarsi, pro-
-
subadult holotype (CNANT-0308) lateral, and retrolateral margins each with six
to eight pairs of large macrosetae, without
Carapace anteriorwidth: 2.05 median row of spinules ventrally. Ungues
posteriorwidth: 2.8 moderately long; dactyl moderately devel-
length: 2.9
oped, slightly curved.
Chelicera length: 1.4
Tergites: Surfaces I–VI smooth, shiny
width: 0.7
(fig. 2A); VII coarsely granular in posterior
movablefingerlength: 0.8
fixedfingerlength: 0.5 half, acarinate.
Chela maximumwidth: 1.8 Sternum: Subpentagonal, wider than long
maximumheight: 1.6 posteriorly; longitudinal sulcus shallow, indis-
length:1 4.8 tinct (fig. 4B). Coxosternal region smooth,
lengthofventroexternalcarina: 2.1 asetose.
lengthofmovablefinger: 2.7
Genital operculum: Opercula separated,
lengthoffixedfinger: 2.2
smooth, shiny, asetose. Genital papillae pres-
Patella maximumwidth: 1.0
ent (fig. 4B).
maximumheight: 1.0
length: 2.5 Pectines: Each pecten with two marginal
Femur maximumwidth: 0.9 lamellae, one median lamella, no fulcra, and
maximumheight: 1.0 five teeth (fig. 4B).
length: 2.5 Sternites: Surfaces III–VI smooth, shiny,
Pedipalp totallength(incl.trochanter): 10.8 withbook lung stigmata(spiracles) very small
Mesosoma totallength(tergites): 6.9
and round (fig. 4B); VII acarinate.
SterniteVII width: 2.6
Metasoma: Metasoma, intercarinal surfaces
length: 1.55
smooth, shiny (fig. 7). Dorsosubmedian cari-
MetasomaI maximumwidth: 1.7
maximumheight: 1.3 nae, segments I–IV, moderately developed,
length: 1.2 coarsely and sparsely granular; V, absent.
MetasomaII maximumwidth: 1.5 Dorsolateral carinae, segments I–IV, absent
maximumheight: 1.3 to obsolete, smooth; V, obsolete, sparsely
length: 1.5 granular. Median lateral carinae, segments I–
MetasomaIII maximumwidth: 1.5
V, absent. Ventrolateral carinae, segment I,
maximumheight: 1.3
absent; II–IV, obsolete, smooth;V, moderate-
length: 1.6
ly developed, granular. Ventrosubmedian ca-
MetasomaIV maximumwidth: 1.5
rinae, segments I–IV, absent. Ventromedian
maximumheight: 1.3
length: 1.7 carina, segment V, absent.
MetasomaV maximumwidth: 1.5 Telson: Vesicle relatively large, globose,
maximumheight: 1.3 smooth, with sparse setae ventrally and
length: 3.1 distally. Aculeus short.
Telson maximumwidth: 1.7
Hemispermatophore: Hemispermatophore
maximumheight: 1.5
unknown (holotype was dissected and no
aculeuslength: 0.8
paraxial organs were found).
totallength: 3.5
Metasoma totallength:2 12.6 Remarks: The metasoma of the holotype is
Totallength pro-+meso-+metasoma: 22.4 separated from the body at the articulation of
Pectines totallength: 1.05 segments I and II, the left pedipalp chela is
lengthalongdentatemargin: 0.93 crushed, and the posterior margin of the
toothcount(left/right): 5/5 carapace isslightlydamaged (fig. 4A). Left leg
1Measuredfrombaseofcondyletotipoffixedfinger. I was removed and retained at the AMCC for
2SumofmetasomalsegmentsI–Vandtelson. DNAisolation,amplificationandsequencing.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type
locality (fig. 1).
ECOLOGY: This troglomorphic species was
taken from under a stone on the ground