Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
95(4), 1993, pp. 541-546
A NEW SPECIES OF DASINEURA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) GALLING
LEAVES OF LUPINUS SPP. (FABACEAE) IN CALIFORNIA
Raymond J. Gagne and Donald R. Strong
(SJG) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, USDA,
% U.S. National Museum NHB 168, Washington, D.C. 20560; (DRS) Bodega Marine
Laboratory, University ofCalifornia, Box 247, Bodega Bay, California 94923.
—A
Abstract. newspeciesofgall midge, Dasineura lupinorum (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae),
is described and illustrated. Larvae cause leaflet galls on Lupinus spp. (Fabaceae) in
CaliforniaandOregon. Thenewspeciesisdistinguishedfrom similarspecieso^Dasineura,
which also form leaflet galls on legumes, and from Dasineura lupini Felt, which forms a
bud gall on lupines.
Key Words: Gall midges, lupines, Nearctic
Threekindsoflupinegallsformedbycec- lets,givingtheleaftheappearanceofahand
idomyiids are commonly found along the ofbananas. Eggs are laid on unopened leaf-
Pacific coast of the United States (Gagne lets ofdeveloping buds, when the buds are
1989). Oneisanenlarged, hairybudformed lessthan 1 cm inlength. Uponhatching, the
by Dasineura lupini Felt and another is a larvae crawl between the closed halves of
stem swelling formed by Neolasioptera lu- the unfolded leaflets in a way similar to
pini(Felt). Thethirdkindofgallisaswelling larvae ofthe northern European Dasineura
thatdevelopsonstillfolded,elongatingleaf- marginemtorquens(Bremi) on willow leaves
lets (Figs. 1, 2), but the gall midge has not (Larsson and Strong 1992, Strong et al. in
been described. Osten Sacken (1877) was press). A gall may contain one to several
first to publish a notice ofthis gall and rec- gregarious larvae. Pupation occurs in the
ognized it as being formed by a cecido- gall. Mostgallsremaingreenwithsucculent,
myiid. Feh (1918, 1940) attributed the wet interiors while the larvae are feeding.
damage to Dasineura trifolii (Loew), which Some galls turn reddish and sclerotic, but
makes a similar leaf fold gall on clovers, thelarvaeinthesearealwaysdead(S. Wain-
Trifolium spp. Gagne (1989) assigned the wright, personal communication).
damage to Dasineura sp. TheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory
During 1991-1992, oneofus(DRS)found (USNM) has additional specimens of the
the leafgalls in Bodega Bay, California on gallsandgallmidgestakeninCaliforniafrom
several lupines, Lupinus arhoreus Sims., L. San Francisco to Los Angeles. These spec-
chamissonisEschs., and L. variicolorSteud. imens are from the three hosts listed above
Galls were much more abundant on L. ar- and also from L. alhifrons Benth. and L.
boreus than other species. The gall midge is albicaulis Dougl. ex Hook. RJG has seen
multivoltine on L. arboreus, and galls can the gall on L. albicaulis in the vicinity of
be found throughout the year. The galls ap- Corvallis, Oregon.
pearto be moreabundant in summer, when Dasineura is a large, cosmopolitan genus
densitiesvaryupwardstoabout 80%ofleaf- ofsome 400 described species, 1 10 ofthem
542 PROCEEDINGS OFTHEENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
Figs. 1, 2. Leaves ofLupinus arboreus infested with Dasineura lupinorum. 1, Leafwith galls. 2, Detail of
same, showing partially swollen, unfolded leaflets.
from North America. The genus is an ar- usingthe method outlined in Gagne (1989).
tificial, catchall category and contains spe- In the descriptions that follow, anatomical
ciesofthetribeOligotrophinithathavefour terminology ofthe adult stage follows usage
palpal segments, toothed tarsal claws, a in McAlpine et al. (1981) and that of the
shortened R5 wingvein that meetsthe costa larval stage follows that in Gagne (1989).
anterior to the wing apex, and the full basic The new species is to be attributed to RJG.
complement oflarval papillae for the tribe.
The only derived characterin that list is the Dasineura lupinorum Gagne,
short R5 vein, which may not be unique in New Species
mm
thisgenus, asa short R5 occursalso in other Adult.—Wing length: male, 1.3-1.8
tribes of Cecidomyiinae. The new species (n = 10); female 1.3-1.7 mm (n = 10).
differs from all other Nearctic Dasineura Head: Eyes 3-4 facets long at vertex; fac-
spp. known to us by itsbilaterally flattened, ets circular, separated by '/2 to 1 facet di-
fused female cerci. Similarities between the ameter on top halfofeye, closely adjacent
male genitalia ofD. lupinorum to those of on bottom half of eye. Vertex of occiput
other leaf fold gall makers on papiliona- broadly rounded. Frons with setae and
ceousFabaceae, suchasD. trifolii, showthat scales. Labella hemisperical, each with 6-8
these species form a natural group within setae. Palpus 4 segmented. Male antenna
Dasineura. with 13-14flagellomeres,thethirdasinFig.
4. Female antenna with 12-14 flagello-
Methods
meres, the third as in Fig. 5.
Adults were reared from enlarged, green, Thorax: Scutum with 2 lateral and 2 dor-
galled leaves that had been picked from the socentral rows of mixed setae and scales.
plant and placed in glass bottles. All spec- Scutellumwithagroupofsetaeoneachside.
imens were killed and stored in 70% etha- Mesanepistemum covered with scales on
nol. Some larvae and adults were mounted dorsal half. Mesepimeron with 6-10 setae.
for microscopic study in Canada balsam. Wing (Fig. 3) with R5joining C anterior to
VOLUME 95, NUMBER 4 543
Figs. 3-9. Dasineura liiplnorum. 3, Wing. 4. Male third flagellomere, dorsal. 5, Female third flagellomere,
dorsal. 6, Female sixth through eighth abdominal segments, dorsolateral. 7, Ovipositor, lateral. 8, Detail of
fused cerci and hypoproct, lateral. 9, Detail offused cerci, dorsal.
544 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
Figs. 10-16. 10-12, Dasineura lupinorum. 10, Male fifth through eighth abdominal segments, dorsolateral.
13, Claspettes and aedeagus, dorsal. 14, Malegenitalia, dorsal. 13, Dasineura mahtima male genitalia, dorsal.
14,Dasineuralupinigonostylus,dorsal. 15, 16,Dasineuralupinorum. 15,Larvalspatulaandassociatedpapillae.
16, Larval terminal segments, dorsal.
VOLUME NUMBER
95, 4 545
wing apex. Claws toothed, empodia as long except from L. chamissonis. Other material
as claws. (all in alcohol in USNM): Additional adults
Male abdomen (Figs. 10-12): First andlarvaefrom L. arboreusandadultsfrom
through fifthtergitesentire, rectangular,with L. chamissonis, all from Bodega Bay, VII-
single, uninterrupted, posteriorrowofsetae 1992, D. R. Strong. Adults, all reared in
and scattered setae anteriorly; sixth tergite spring, 1947, from lupines in California by
with anterior setal row interrupted mesally, A. E. Pritchard: from L. albifrons, "Sharp
seventh and eighth tergites reduced in size, Pk."; from L. arboreus, Davenport, Santa
bare except for anterior pair oftrichoid se- Cruz Co., Montara and San Gregorio, San
tae. Cerci broadly rounded, with several se- Mateo Co., and Stinson Beach, Marin Co.;
tae along posterior margin; hypoproct with and from L. variicolor, Montara, San Mateo
twolongnarrowlobes, each withdistal seta; Co. Galls from L. albifrons, Fresno, Cali-
claspettes elongate, attenuate, with dorso- fornia, no date, C. C. Jenney. Galls from L.
basal lobes; gonocoxites cylindrical, un- albifrons, Lone Mt., San Francisco, Cali-
lobed; gonostyli cylindrical, weakly and fornia, IV-1876, C. R. Osten Sacken.
evenly tapered from base to apex, setulose Etymology.—The specific name lupino-
at base, striate beyond to short distal tooth. rum is a noun in the genitive plural, mean-
Femaleabdomen(Figs. 6-9): Firstthrough ing "oflupines."
sixth tergites rectangular, with single row of Remarks.—The characteristic gonostyli
posterior setae, anterior pair oftrichoid se- ofthis species have a shape similar to those
tae, and almost completely covered with ofDasineura maritima Felt(Fig. 13), known
scales elsewhere; seventh tergite much nar- from leaffolds on Lathyrus maritimus (L.)
rower, concave laterally, with posteriorrow Bigel. in Massachusetts, and of Dasineura
ofsetae and scales, anterior pair oftrichoid trifolii(Loew), known from leaffoldson Tri-
setae, and to several scales elsewhere; folium pratense L. and Trifolium repens L.
eighth tergite much longerand divided into inEuropeandtheUnitedStates. OtherDas-
two elongate sclerites; distal halfofovipos- ineuraspecieshavethegonostylimuchmore
itor elongate, moderately flattened bilater- bulbousonthebasal half,asdoesDasineura
ally; cercifused,greatlyflattenedbilaterally; lupini Felt (Fig. 14), reared from bud galls
hypoproct narrow, longer than wide. ofLupinusarboreusinCalifornia(seeRusso
—
Third instar. Integument rugose. Spat- 1979 for notes on the biology of this spe-
ula(Fig. 15)cloveshaped. All papillae basic cies). Larvae of all three species from leaf
for supertribe present (Gagne 1989); ter- folds are similar also. The ovipositor ofD.
minalpapillae(Fig. 16)with 8 setaeofequal lupinorum is distinctive for its bilaterally
length. flattened ovipositor; that of the other two
Holotype.—Male, emerged VII-1992 leafrollers is cylindrical.
from larva from folded leaves of Lupinus
Acknowledgments
arboreus, collected VII-1992, Bodega Ma-
rine Reserve, Bodega Bay, California, D. R. We are grateful to Susan Wainwright and
Strong, deposited in the National Museum Richard McKinney for contributing infor-
ofNatural History, Washington, D.C. Para- mation on the biology ofD. lupinorum; P.
USNM
types (all in except 2 3 and 2 9 in Malikul forpreparingthemicroscopicslides;
California Academy ofSciences, San Fran- S. Grupp for inking the illustrations; and B.
cisco, California): 3 5, 5 9, and 10 larvae, A. Hawkins, J. C. Miller, A. L. Norrbom,
same pertinent data as for holotype; 4 6, 4 N. J. Vandenberg, and an anonymous re-
9, same pertinent data as holotype except viewer for their comments on drafts ofthe
collectedandreared V-1992,5, 9, samedata manuscript. The field work was supported
exceptfromL. variicolor; 45, 3 9, samedata by National Science Foundation grant BSR
546 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
9007429 to DRSandthe UniversityofCal- McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J.
ifornia Bodega Marine Reserve. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth, and D. M. Wood, eds.
1981. Manual ofNearctic Diptera, Vol. 1. Re-
Literature Cited search Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph
27. vi + 674 pp.
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York State Museum Bulletin 200: 5-310, pis. 5- tions ofnew genera and species ofDiptera from
16. the region west ofthe Mississippi and especially
. 1940. Plant Galls and Gall Makers. Corn- from California. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
stock PublishingCo., Ithaca, NY. vii + 364 pp. 3: 189-354.
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ofNorth America. Cornell University Press, Ith- gion.BoxwoodPress,PacificGrove,California,xi
aca, New York, xiii and 355 pp. and 4 pis. + 203 pp.
Larsson,S.andD.R.Strong. 1992. Ovipositionchoice Strong, D. R., S. Larsson, and U. Gullberg. In press.
and larval survival of Dasineura marginemtor- Heritability ofhost plant resistance to herbivory
quens (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on resistant and changes with gall midge density during an out-
susceptible Salix viminalis. Ecological Entomol- break on willow. Evolution.
ogy 17: 227-232.
