Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
100(2). 1998. pp. 193-201
A NEW SPECIES OF ARMORED SCALE (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA:
DIASPIDIDAE) PREVIOUSLY CONFUSED WITH HEMIBERLESIA DIFFINIS
(NEWSTEAD)
Douglass R. Miller and John A. Davidson
(DRM) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service. USDA,
Bldg. 046. BARC-W, Beltsville. MD 20705. U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]);
MD
(JAD) Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742,
U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]).
—
Abstract. A new species of armored scale, Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Miller and Da-
vidson, is described and illustrated. It occurs in the eastern and midwestem United States
and parts of Mexico and has been reported as a pest oftulip poplar and lilac. It previously
has been misidentified as H. diffinis (Newstead), which is a tropical species from the
Caribbean Islands, Central America, South America, and Mexico. Lectotypes are desig-
nated for Aspidiotiis dijfinis Newstead, A. jatrophae Townsend and Cockerell, and A.
jatrophae var. porrotti Newell. Aspidiotiisfabemii Houser is transfered to Qitadraspidi-
otits (new combination).
Key Words: Armored scale, Coccoidea, Diaspididae, pest, tulip poplar, lilac, Lirioden-
dron, Syringa
We currently are working on a book on ler and Davidson), 2) to redescribe and il-
the ecomonic armored scales of the United lustrate //. diffinis and provide a compari-
States. While analyzing the morphological son of the two species, 3) to clarify the sta-
and biological characteristics of Hemiber- tus of the three junior synonyms listed by
lesia diffinis (Newstead), it became obvious Borchsenius (1966), and 4) to draw atten-
that two distinct species were involved. tion to a possible third species from Ontar-
Hemiberlesia diffinis is a tropical species io, Canada.
that does not occur in the United States; a
second undescribed species is strictly tem- Methods
perate in distribution, occurring in the east- Terminology in the descriptions follows
ern and midwestem United States and McKenzie (1956) and Miller et al. (1984).
northern Mexico. Although Borchsenius Measurements and numbers are from 10
(1966) lists threejunior synonyms of//, dif- representative specimens and are given in
finis (Aspidiotus jatrophae Townsend and parentheses followed by the range. Enlarg-
Cockerell, A. jatrophae var. parrotti New- ments on illustrations are not proportional.
ell, and A. fabernii Houser), none are con- Specimens were examined and illustrated
specific with the new species. Therefore, a using a Leica DMRB compound micro-
new name must be provided. scope using lOx eyepieces and 20X and
The objectives of this paper are: 1) to 40X objectives. Depositories of specimens
provide a description and illustration of the are: The Natural History Museum, London
new species (Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Mil- (BMNH); California Department of Food
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
and Agriculture, Sacramento (CDA); Flor- sclerotized swellings; paraphysis formula
ida State Collection ofArthropods, Gaines- usually 2-2-0, with paraphyses in space be-
ville (FSCA); Museum National d'Histoire tween lobe 2 and median lobe, attached to
Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); University of medial margin of lobe 2, medial margin of
California, Davis (UCD); National Museum lobe 3, and in space between lobes 2 and
MD
of Natural History, Beltsville, 3. Median lobes separated by space 0.1-
(USNM). 0.2(0.2) times width of median lobe, with
The authors have contributed equally to small paraphysis attached to medial margin,
the research effort for this paper and should without basal sclerotization or yoke, medial
be considered coauthors. margin usually slightly converging apically,
lateral margins converging, with 1 lateral
Results notch and 0-1(0) medial notch; second
Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Miller and lobes sclerotized, pointed, usually with lat-
Davidson, new species eral notch, about one-third to one-quarter
size of median lobes; third lobes sclero-
(Fig. 1)
tized, pointed, without notches, or with
Previous citations: Aspidiotus diffinis weakly indicated lateral notch, lobe equal
Newstead; Marlatt, 1899:73. 1900:425- to or smaller than second lobe. Plates be-
427; Ferris, 1921:125; Bibby, 1931:191; tween median lobes and second lobe, be-
Couch, 1935:16, 1938:107; Westcott, 1973: tween second lobes and third lobes, and be-
411. tween third lobes and fourth lobes with in-
Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead); creasingly larger tines, sometimes with 2 or
MacGillivray, 1921:437; Ferris, 1938:238; more simple plates anterior of fourth lobes,
Schmidt, 1940:193; Ferris, 1942:446; Kosz- plates in first and second spaces apparently
tarab, 1964:34; Dekle, 1965:69, 1976:71; without microducts; plates in third space
McDaniel, 1969:107; Tippins and Beshear, distinctly shaped, each with microduct,
1
1970:9; Beshear et al., 1973:6; Stoetzel and plates anterior of seta marking segment 5
Davidson, 1974:501; Stoetzel, 1976; Lamb- with single microduct; plate formula 2-3-3;
din and Watson, 1980:80; Miller and How- median lobes each with 2 slender plates be-
ard, 1981:166; Mead, 1982:4; Nakahara, tween them about 0.8-1.1(1.1) times as
1982:41; MacGowan, 1983:7; Mead, 1984: long as median lobes. Macroducts of 1 size,
2; MacGowan, 1987:9; Miller and David- on segments 5 to 7 in marginal and sub-
son, 1990:302—. marginal areas, duct between median lobes
Type data. The adult female holotype is absent, with 10-15( 12) macroducts on each
mounted with a paratype on a microscope side of pygidium on segments 5-8, some
slide; the right specimen on the slide is the macroduct orifices anterior ofanal opening.
holotype. The slide is labelled as follows: Pygidial microducts on venter in submar-
Left label "Hemiberlesia/neodiffinis/on Lir- ginal and marginal areas of segment 5 and
iodendron/tulipifera/Simpson, 111./Aug. 7, 6, with 6-13(9) ducts; prepygidial ducts of
1969/J. E. Appleby""; right label "Hemi- 2 sizes, longer size in submarginal and mar-
berlesia/neodiJfinis/MiUer & Davidson/HO- ginal areas of segments 1 to 3, also present
LOTYPE &/PARATYPE" and includes a submedially near spiracles, shorter size
map of the location of the holotype present along body margin from segment 3
(USNM). In addition, there are 47 para- or 4 to head; pygidial ducts absent on dor-
types on 17 slides deposited in BMNH, sum; prepygidial microducts of 2 sizes,
CDA, FSCA, MNHN, UCD,—USNM. larger size in submedial areas of any or all
Slide-mounted characters. Adult female of mesothorax to 4, smaller size in submar-
(Fig. 1 ) with 3 pairs ofdefinite lobes, fourth ginal areas of head or prothorax to seg-
lobes, when present, represented by small ments 2 or 3. Perivulvar pores absent. Pores
VOLUME NUMBER
100, 195
Fig. 1. Adult female holotype Hemiherlcsia m-iitli/liiii\. Simpson. Illinois. August 7. 1969. on Uriodendnm
tulipijera, J. E. Appleby.
196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
absent near spiracles. Anal opening located S. Callaghan (1 ad 9); Mobile, 11-29-1932,
1.1-1.6(1.3) times length of anal opening Ficus sp., J. S. Callaghan (4 ad 9); near
from base of median lobes, anal opening Mobile. VI-21-1923, on "twig," A. E.
17-30(23) |x long. Dorsal seta laterad of Grontham ( 1 ad 9, 1 second instar 9). AR-
median lobes 1.0-1.4(1.2) times length of KANSAS: North Little Rock, VI-28-1930,
median lobe. Eyes usually represented by host unknown, P H. Millar (2 ad 9). DIS-
small sclerotized spur or dome on mesotho- TRICT OF COLUMBIA: U.S. Department
rax. Antennae with 1 seta. Cicatrices usu- of Agriculture grounds, XI-4-1899 and V-
ally present on prothorax and segment 1. 12-1902, Syringa sp., C. L. Mariatt (5 ad
Body pear shaped. 9); U.S. Department of Agriculture
—
Specimens examined. PARATYPES: grounds, V-17-1901, Syringa sp.. Kolinsky
LISA—DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (4 ad 9); no locality, VII-6-1894. Syringa
Southern Railway, IX-29-1929, no host, G. sp., Pergande (29 ad 9, 3 scale covers);
E. Murrell (3 ad $)USNM. FLORIDA; St. U.S. Department of Agriculture, no date,
Petersburg, 1-16-1964, Persea sp., E. W. Syringa sp., no collector (5 ad 9, 1 second
Miller (1 ad $) FSCA. GEORGIA: Albany, 9)(BMNH). FLORIDA: Tampa, 1920, host
1-25-1929, Celtis sp., J. B. Gill (3 ad 9) unknown, E. T. Spear (2 ad 9). GEORGIA:
CDA; No specific locality, IV-17-1987, Athens, X-20-41, Ulmus americana. B. S.
Carya illinoensis. W. L. Tedders (3 ad 9,3 Crandall (5 ad 9); Fort Valley, IV-5-1921,
second-instar 9) FSCA, USNM. ILLI- Nerium oleander, O. 1 . Snapp (4 ad 9);
NOIS: Simpson, VIII-7-1969, Liriodendron Macon, IV-17-1909, on "sugar berry," H.
lulipifera. J. E. Appleby (8 ad 9) BMNH, Burns (3 ad 9); Savannah, X-31-1950,
MNHN, USNM. LOUISIANA: Baton Pterocarya steoptera, N. Y. Gouldman (2
Rouge, IV-14-1953, Magnolia sp., C. E. ad 9): no locality, IV-17-1987. Carya illi-
Smith (2 ad 9 ) USNM. MISSISSIPPI: Pass noensis, W. L. Tedders (I ad 9, 3 second
Christian, IX-27-1922, Ficus sp., E. K. instar 9). LOUISIANA: Alexandria, 11-27-
Bynum and K. Hamon (3 ad 9) UCD. 1909, Phoradendrnn sp.. Tucker (2 ad 9);
MISSOURI: Grayridge, Stoddard County, New Orleans, Spanish Fort, III-9-1919.
IX-3-I976, on "buttonbush," L. R. Man- Quercus sp., E. R. Sasscer (3 ad 9); New
ning (1 ad 9) USNM; Sikeston. City Park, Orleans, IV-1921, Cinnamomum camphora,
VIII-1 1-1976, Fraxinus sp., L. R. Manning H. Monison (3 ad 9); New Orleans, VI-
(1 ad 9 ) USNM. NEW JERSEY: Spring- 22-1933 and VI-23-I933, Magnolia gran-
field, VII-26-1950, Syringa sp., S. W. diflora. Salix sp., and Ulmus sp., E. Latt (12
Bromley (4 ad 9) USNM. SOUTH CAR- ad 9). MARYLAND: College Park, III-16-
OLINA: St. Helena's Island, III-21-1930, 1928, Liriodendron tulipifera, collector un-
on "bay," J. H. Couch (5 ad 9 ) USNM. known (1 ad 9, 1 second instar 9). MIS-
TENNESSEE: McMinniville, V-18-I965, SISSIPPI: Baldwin Lodge, V-9-1925, Ficus
near Hammonton, Liriodendron tulipifera, sp., E. K. Bynum (1 ad 9 ); Pass Christian,
B. Kemper (2 ad 9) USNM. MEXICO— IV-4-1929, Ficus sp., E. K. Bynum and C.
No locality, taken in quarantine at Nogales, Lyle (2 ad 9 ); Yazoo City, III-29-1929, Sy-
VI-30-1960, Spondias sp., R. W. Beard- ringa sp., C. Hines (4 ad 9). NEW YORK:
more (8 ad 9) BMNH; no locality, taken in Syracuse, V-1-1928, host unknown, A. H.
quaratine at Brownsville, XII-7-1954, Per- MacAndrews (6 ad 9). NORTH CARO-
sea sp., "various collectors," (2 ad 9) LINA: Aberdeen, II-6-1904, on "shade
USNM. — tree," F Sherman (6 ad 9); Raleigh, VIII-
Additional specimens examined. (NOT 10-1903, Liriodendron sp., F. Sherman (2
PARATYPES) (All deposited in US—NM un- ad 9); Raleigh, VIII-21-1903, on "shade
less otherwise indicated): USA ALA- tree," F Sherman (8 ad 9). OHIO: Clifton,
BAMA: Mobile, VII-13-1923, Ficus sp., J. VII-1956, Tilia americana, C. A. Reese (2
VOLUME NUMBER
100. 197
ad 9); North Olmsted, VII-8-1942, Syrmga terial of the former and find it to be a dis-
sp., J. Houser (3 ad 9). SOUTH CARO- tinct species that is tentatively placed in
LINA: Columbia, V-21-1935, on Juglans Qiiadraspidiotiis (new combination).
—
sp., E. G. Seibels (2 ad ? ); St. Helena's Type data. We have examined the type
Island, III-21-1930, on Magnolia virgini- series of Aspidiotiis diffinis Newstead and
ana. J. H. Couch (2 ad 9). TENNESSEE: here designate as lectotype the left speci-
Greenbiier, VI-10-1908, Syringa sp., G. C. men in the middle row which is an adult
Dury (3 ad 9). TEXAS: Houston, X-16- female mounted on a slide with 10 other
1917, Ficus sp., M. H. James, Jr. (2 ad 9): specimens and labelled as follows: left label
Port Arthur, IV-12-1929, Fraxiniis Uhdei. J. "No 129/13.iv. p. I 19/R. Newstead"; right
G. Sanders (4 ad 9); San Antonio, X-8- label "Aspidiotus/diffinis Newst./cotype
1917, Fiats sp., M. H. James, Jr. (5 ad 9); 9 9/Demerara./BM 1945, 121"; a separate
Sherman, VIII-1 1-1909, Ulmiis sp., E. W. label is on the back of the slide giving the
Mally (1 ad 9). MEXICO—No locality, position of the lectotype with the following
taken in quarantine at Brownsville, XI-12- designation "LECTOTYPE/PARALEC-
1952, Persea sp., various collectors ( 1 ad TOTYPE." (BMNH). In addition, there are
9). 5 slides containing 16 specimens that were
part of the original series from Demerara
Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead) but were mounted subsequently and were
(Fig. 2) not used by Newstead for the original de-
Aspidiotiis affinis Newstead, 1893a:186 (ju- scription (USNM). We have examined the
nior homomyiTi ofAspidiotiis affinis Tar- type series of Aspidiotiis jatrophae Town-
gioni Tozzetti, 1868:736). send and Cockerell, and here designate as
Aspidiotiis diffinis Newstead, 1893b:281 lectotype the right specimen which is an
(replacement name forAspidioutiisaffinis adult female mounted on a slide with 2 oth-
Newstead). er adult females and labelled as follows: left
Aspidiotiis (Diaspidiotus) diffinis Newstead; label "7682: Aspidiotuslijatrophae T&C.
Cockerell, 1897:23. Type)/diffinis Newst./On JatrophafPvoniera.,
Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead); Leonard!, Mex./(Twns.)/Ckll. Coll."; right label "As-
1898:119. pidiotiis jatrophae/Townsend & Cockerell/
LECTOTYPE &/PARALECTOTYPE/"
Aspidiotiis jatrophae Townsend and Cock-
erell, 1898:178 (synonymized by Marlatt, and provides a map of the position of the
1900:425). lectotype. In addition, there are 18 adult fe-
Aspidiotiis jatrophae var. parrotti Newell, male paralectotypes and 7 second-instarex-
1899:23 (synonymized by Marlatt, 1900: uviae paralectotypes on 2 additional slides
USNM
425). in and 2 adult females plus pieces
Hemiberlesia iatrophae (Townsend and of adults and several immatures on 1 slide
Cockerell); Leonardi, 1900:339 (mis- in BMNH. There is a long series of speci-
inens collected by Townsend and/or Koe-
spelling).
Aspidiotiis diffinis parrotti (Newell); Fer- bele on Jatropha at several different local-
nald, 1903:258. ities during the same expedition to Mexico,
Hemiberlesia diffinis parrotti (Newell); but these have different Division of Ento-
MacGillivray, 1921:438. mology lot numbers and were not men-
Abgrallaspis diffinis (Newstead); Komosin- tioned in the original description. We have
ska, 1969:60. examined the type series of Aspidiotiis ja-
trophae var. parrotti Newell, and here des-
Borchsenius (1966) tredXedAspidiotiisfa- ignate as lectotype the left specimen which
bemii Houser as a synonym of Hemiber- is an adult female mounted on a slide with
lesia diffinis: we have examined type ma- 5 other adult females and labelled as fol-
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 2. Adult female Hemiberlesia dijfinis. Mazatlan. Mexico, July 26, 1979, on Primusiloinesiicii. S. Ryan.
lows: left label "Aspidiotiis diffinis/parrotii pliae/var. parrotti Newell/LECTOTYPE
Newell/Type/ On "Barenjeno chiquito'7 &/PARALECTOTYPE/"and provides a
Frontera, Mex./(Townsend)/June 9, 1897/ map of the position of the lectotype. In ad-
Ckll, Coll."; right label "Aspidiotusjatro- dition, there are 10 adult female paralecto-
VOLUME 100, NUMBER 2 199
USNM
types on 4 additional slides in and eas of segments 1 to 3, also present sub-
4 adult females and 2 second-instar female medially near spiracles, shorter size present
on 1 slide in BMNH. — along body margin from from segment 3 or
Slide-mounted characters. Adult female 4 to head; on dorsum pygidial ducts absent;
(Fig. 2) with 3 pairs ofdefinite lobes, fourth prepygidial microducts of 2 sizes, larger
lobes, when present, represented by small size in submedial areas of any or all of me-
sclerotized swelling; paraphysis formula sothorax to 4, smaller size in submarginal
usually 2-2-0, rarely 2-2-1, with paraphyses areas of head or prothorax to segments 2 or
in space between lobe 2 and median lobe, 3. Perivulvar pores absent. Pores absent
attached to medial margin of lobe 2, medial near spiracles. Anal opening located 0.8-
margin of lobe 3, and in space between 1.5(1.2) times length of anal opening from
lobes 2 and 3. Median lobes separated by base of median lobes, anal opening 26—
space 0.1-0.2(0.1) times width of median 32(28) |x long. Dorsal seta laterad of me-
lobe, with or without small paraphysis at- dian lobes 0.9-1.4( 1.1) times length of me-
tached to medial margin, without basal scle- dian lobe. Eyes rarely absent, usually rep-
rotization or yoke, medial margin usually resented by small sclerotized spur or dome,
slightly converging apically, lateral margins on mesothorax. Antennae with 1 seta. Cic-
strongly converging, with 1 lateral notch atrices usually present on prothorax and
and 0-1(0) medial notch; second lobes segment 1. Body pear shaped. Sometimes
sclerotized, pointed, with lateral notch, with sclerotization on thorax and head.
—
about one-third to one-quarter size of me- Specimens examined. We have seen
dian lobes; third lobes sclerotized, pointed, specimens from the following host genera:
without notches, equal to or slightly smaller Annona. Cocos. Couroupita. Biirsera. Cas-
than second lobes. Plates between median sia, Dracaena. Dreponocarpus, Erythrina.
lobes and second lobe, between second Hevea. Hibiscus. Jatropha. Mammea. Ma-
lobes and third lobes, and between third uihot. Oncidiiim. Persea. Philodendron,
lobes and fourth lobes with increasingly Pliimeria. Primus, Psidinm. Punica. Spon-
larger tines, sometimes with 3 or more sim- dias. and Theobroma.
ple plates anterior of fourth lobes, plates in We have examined specimens from the
first and second spaces apparently without following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Cos-
microducts; plates in third space distinctly ta Rica, Curasao, Dominica, Ecuador, El
shaped, each with 2 or 3 large microducts, Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica,
plates anterior of seta marking segment 5 Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru.
with 2 or 3 microducts; plate formula 2-3-
3; median lobes each with 2 slender plates D1SCU.SS10N
between them about 0.8-1.1(1.1) times as Hemiberlesia diffinis differs from H. neo-
long as median lobes. Macroducts of 1 size, diffinis by having 3 unusually large plates
on segments 5 to 7 in marginal and sub- in the third space which each have 2 or 3
marginal areas, duct between median lobes associated microducts and by having a ma-
extending 1.9-3.7(2.4) times distance be- croduct between the median lobes. Hemi-
tween posterior apex of anal opening and berlesia neodifftnis has 3 smaller plates in
base of median lobes, 26-32(28) tJ- long, the third space which each have 1 associ-
with 1 1-18( 15) macroducts on each side of ated microduct and lacks a macroduct be-
pygidium on segments 5-8, some macrod- tween the median lobes.
uct orifices anterior of anal opening. Pygid- We have studied several collections of a
ial microducts on venter in submarginal and species similar to Hemiberlesia neodijfinis
marginal areas of segment 5 and 6, with 5- on Tilia from Ontario, Canada. It differs by
14(10) ducts; prepygidial ducts of 2 sizes, usually having a macroduct between the
longer size in submarginal and marginal ar- median lobes and by having at least 2 lat-
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
eral notches on each median lobe. We have Fernald. M. E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of
not described this species because we have the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Sta-
tion ofthe Massachusetts AgriculturalCollege88:
insufficient material and have been unable
1-360.
to evaluate variation in critical characters. Ferris, G. E 1921. Report upon a Collection of Coc-
Jarvis (1911) quoted King as suggesting cidae from Lower California. Stanford University
that "Mr King thinks this species may Publications. Biological Sciences. Palo Alto 1:
prove to be a variety of A. diffinis." Lin- 61-132.
dinger (1932) agreed with King and called . 1938. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North
America. Volume II. Stanford University Press.
the Canadian population Aspidiotiis difftnis Palo Alto, California 137-268.
var. King. The species also has been dis- . 1942. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North
cussed by King (1901, 1902), Hetcher and America. Volume IV. Stanford University Press,
Gibson (1908), and Gibson (1911). Palo Alto, California 345-448.
Fletcher, J. and A. Gibson. 1908 (1907). Entomologi-
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io. 38th Annual Report 1907: 113-133.
We are grateful to the following individ- Gibson. A. 191 I (1910). Basswood or linden insects.
uals for reading and commenting on the IV. Entomological SocietyofOntario.41stAnnual
manuscript: Dn Paris L. Lambdin. Depart- Report 1910: 99-101.
ment of Entomology, University ofTennes- Jarvis. T. D. 1911. The Coccidae of Canada. Annual
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see, Knoxville, TN; Dr Douglas J. Wil- 41: 64-77.
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