Table Of ContentHYM. RES.
j.
Vol. 12(2), 2003, pp. 209-219
A New Genus and Five New Species of Neotropical Tryphoninae
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Andrew M. R. Bennett
Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2C6 [current address: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1A 0C6];
email: [email protected]
—
Abstract. A new genus of tryphonine ichneumonid, Boethella Bennett, n. gen. is described
from the Neotropics. Synapomorphies are provided which support the sister group relationship
of Boethella and Boethus Foerster (Tryphonini) (the latter known from the Holarctic, Neotropical
and Ethiopian regions). Boethella darlingi Bennett, n. sp. is described from eastern Brazil, B.
canilae Bennett, n. sp. (type species) is described from southern Mexico to eastern Brazil, B.
hubleyi Bennett, n. sp. is described from southeastern Brazil, B. guidottiae Bennett, n. sp. is
described from western and central Brazil and B. curriei Bennett, n. sp. is described from Peru.
The latest survey of the family Ichneu- diversity in the Holarctic Region (Kaspar-
monidae (Yu and Horstmann 1997) listed yan 1973). Tryphonines are koinobiont ec-
21,805 described extant species classified toparasitoids of lepidopterans and saw-
into 1485 genera. These genera are as- flies of the families Xyelidae, Tenthredi-
signed to 36 or 37 extant subfamilies de- nidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae and Argi-
pending on opinion (Wahl 1990, Yu and dae. They exhibit the uniquely derived
Horstmann 1997, Gauld 2000, Gauld and trait of bearing eggs that travel down the
Wahl 2000). Some studies have attempted outside of the ovipositor (Kasparyan 1973)
to elucidate the subfamily relationships (although this trait is unknown in the Idi-
(Wahl 1991, Wahl and Gauld 1998, Quicke ogrammatini). The apical end of the stalk
et til. 2000); however, to date, no complete (which bears an anchor in most genera)
subfamily phylogeny is available for the travels down the inside of the ovipositor
Ichneumonidae. A recent study of one so that the body of the egg is suspended
subfamily, the Tryphoninae, was under- by the stalk ventral to the ovipositor. This
taken in order to ascertain its placement anchor is pushed through the host integ-
within the family (Bennett 2002). In the ument during oviposition, thereby hold-
process of this study, two new genera ing the egg in place until hatching. Fe-
were discovered, one of which is de- males of most genera of tryphonines have
scribed below. The other new genus from the habit of bearing an egg on their ovi-
the tribe Oedemopsini will be described positor while searching for their hosts
elsewhere allowing a full discussion ofthe (Kasparyan 1973) which provides an in-
characters and relationships of the 12 ex- controvertible character to identify them
tant oedemopsine genera. as tryphonines. Male tryphonines and fe-
The subfamily Tryphoninae comprises males that do not carry eggs externally
1170 described species (Yu and Horst- during host searching (e.g. the Phytodie-
mann 1997) assigned to 53 described gen- tini) are more difficult to recognize be-
era in seven tribes (Bennett 2002). The sub- cause the subfamily is relatively heter-
family is cosmopolitan with its centre of ogenous in structure with some taxa re-
210 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
sembling ctenopelmatines, whereas others as vein 3rs-m in accordance with Gauld
resemble phygadeuontine cryptines, ban- (1997).
chines or ophionines. TAXONOMIC PLACEMENT
During studies at the American Ento-
mological Institute (AEIC), I found a series The strongest evidence that a taxon be-
of Neotropical specimens set aside by longs to the Tryphoninae is that its fe-
Henry Townes labeled "New Genus near males bear stalked eggs that travel down
Bocthus". Two of these putative new spe- the outside of the ovipositor. The egg of
cies were included in a cladistic analysis Boethella is not known, therefore the place-
of tryphonine generic relationships (Ben- ment of Boetliella in the Tryphoninae is not
nett 2002) to examine their status and their certain. Most adult tryphoninesexhibitthe
hypothesized relatedness to BoetJius. The following characters: clypeus with an api-
cladistic analysis verified the generic sta- cal fringe of hairs; cell 1 + 2Rs (areolet) of
tus of this new genus as well as its sister fore wing triangular to subrectangular;
group relationship with Boethus (see Ben- spiracle of Tl anterior to middle; Tl with
nett 2002, Bennett in prep, and below). a glymma present; dorsal valve of ovipos-
The present paper describes this new tax- itor high (not strongly tapered) and un-
on as Boethella Bennett, n. gen., the 54th notched subapically. Of these characters,
genus of the Tryphoninae (37th genus of Boethella possesses the clypeal fringe of
the tribe Tryphonini). hairs (albeit sparse) and the high, un-
notched ovipositor (Fig. 7). The latter
MATERIALS AND METHODS character precludes the placement of Boe-
thella in the Ctenopelmatinae. In addition,
Specimens were borrowed from and are the areolet of the fore wing of Boethella
deposited in the AmericanUSEnAtomological (Fig. 1) resembles other tryphonineswhich
Institute, Gainesville, FL, (AEIC) (D. have an open areolet (i.e., if the areolet
Wahl) and the Canadian National Collec- were closed, it would be triangular, not
tion, Ottawa, Canada (CNCI) (J. Huber). pentagonal as in cryptines or ichneumon-
Examination of other major ichneumonid ines or rhombic as in mesochorines). On
collections (e.g. INBio Costa Rica and The thebasis ofthese threecharacters, Boethella
Natural History Museum, London) did fits best in the subfamily Tryphoninae
not reveal more specimens of this genus. (compared to all other extant subfamilies),
Morphological terms follow Townes despite its apomorphic structure of Tl
(1969) with some modifications: supra-an- (i.e., glymma absent and spiracle posi-
tennal area for 'frons', supraclypeal area tioned posteriorly which is the condition
for 'face', malar space for 'cheek', epicne- found in cryptines and ichneumonines). It
mial carina for 'prepectal carina' and la- should be noted that Boethella is not the
terotergites for 'epipleura'. MSI, MS2 re- only genus of tryphonine with the latter
fers to metasomal segments 1, 2 etc. Tl etc. two character states (e.g., Sphiuetus Grav-
refers to the tergites of metasomal seg- enhorst and Ankylophon Gauld).
ments 1 etc. and SI etc. refers to the ster- Boethella can further be assigned to the
nites of metasomal segment 1, etc. Wing tribe Tryphonini because ofits apomorph-
venation terms follow the Comstock- ic pectinate tarsal claws that within the
Needham system as updated by Ross Tryphoninae are known only in the tribes
(1936) and incorporates the recommenda- Tryphonini, Exenterini (= the Exenterus
tions of Goulet and Huber (1993) except group of genera, see Bennett 2002),
for naming of the vein that forms the dis- Sphinctini and Phytodietini. Boethella does
tal edge of fore wing cell l+2Rs (the 'ar- not possess any apomorphies that would
eolet' ofTownes 1969) which is referred to place it in either of the latter two tribes
Volume 12, Number 2, 2003 211
Fig. 1. Boethella canilae, holotype female, habitus.
(e.g., the strongly pointed apical edge of vein 2m-cu with one bulla; fore wing vein
the clypeus in the Sphinctini or the loss of 3rs-m absent (areolet open); Tl petiolate;
propodeal carinae in the Phytodietini). spiracle of Tl in posterior 0.4. A complete
Boethella also cannotbe assigned to the Ex- cladistic analysis describing character po-
enterini because it has paired tibial spurs larities and the relationships of all try-
on both the middle and hind legs (the Ex- phonine genera including Boethus and Boe-
enterini have the autapomorphies of only thella is given in Bennett (2002) and Ben-
one spur on the middle leg and no spurs nett (in prep.). Boethella can be distin-
on the hind leg). guished from Boethus by the former's
The sister group relationship ofBoethella possession of propodeal, epicnemial and
and Boethus is supported by the following submetapleural carinae (all of which are
synapomorphies: occipital carina absent; absent in Boethus). In addition, the glym-
epomia absent; notauli absent; fore wing ma is absent in Boethella (present in Boe-
212 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
thus). Boethella is exclusively Neotropical anterior edge of mesopleuron (Figs. 1, 4-
and the majority of species of Boethus are 5); auxiliary carina of mesopleuron either
known from the Neotropical and southern long and joining epicnemial carina (Figs.
Nearctic regions (Townes etah 1992); how- 4-5) or short and not joining (Fig. 1); ster-
ever, several Ethiopian species of Boethus naulus present (Figs. 1, 4-5); subtegular
are known (Scaramozzino 1991) as well as ridge slightly curving out laterally, not
one Palaearctic species (Kasparyan 1973). produced into a vertical lamella that near-
ly reaches tegula when tegula is down; no-
Boethel—la Bennett, n. gen. tauli absent; projection on posterolateral
Type species. Boethella canilae Bennett, edge of mesoscutum absent; carinae of
by original d—esignation. scutellum present at base only; propodeal
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other carinae all present except lateral longitu-
genera of tryphonines by the combination dinal carinae absent (Fig. 6), medial lon-
of: 1) occipital carina absent; 2) propodeal gitudinal carinae strongly raised, medial
carinae present (Fig. 6). In addition, the portion of posterior transverse carina
ovipositor of Boethella is distinctive within weak; submetapleural carina present; fore
the Tryphoninae (slightly upcurved with tibia without an anterior, apical tooth; fore
a high, wide, apically rounded dorsal tibial spur evenly curved; middle and
valve that strongly overlaps the ventral hind trochanters two segmented; middle
valve medially—) (Fig. 7). and hind tibiae each with two spurs; tarsal
Description. Fore wing length 2.9 to 4.8 claws pectinate to apex or nearly to apex
mm; clypeus slightly rounded in profile, (Fig. 1); fore wing vein 3rs-m absent (Fig.
without a transverse line separating it into 1); fore wing vein 2m-cu weakly to strong-
dorsal and ventral faces, apical margin ly inclivous with one bulla (Fig. 1); wings
truncate to slightly rounded in anterior hyaline to moderately infumate; Tl petio-
view, strongly impressed laterally (Figs. 2 late (Fig. 6) with spiracle at 0.6 to 0.75,
and 3) without medial paired tubercles dorsal longitudinal carinae absent (Fig. 6),
(medial notch absent), clypeal fringe of dorsolateral longitudinal carinae present
hairs present, but sparse; malar space but not extending to spiracle (Fig. 1);
obliterated (mandibular socket contiguous glymma of Tl absent (Fig. 1) (slight de-
with ventral edge ofeye) (Fig. 2) except in pression present ventral to dorsolateral
B. darlingi space is 0.5 times basal width longitudinal carina in some specimens,
of mandible (Fig. 3); lower mandibular but not a glymma); Tl and T2 not fused,
condyles separated by distance greater their sculpture impunctate; SI not fused to
than distance of inner eye margins at level Tl, membranous portion of SI not or only
of clypeal foveae; mandible with teeth slightly projecting lateral to sclerotized
subequal in width and height, moderately portion of Tl; T2 without a transverse
convex in cross-section near base; labio- postmedian groove or oblique grooves de-
maxillary complex moderately elongate, lineating the anterolateral corners; latero-
glossae visible in anterior view in most tergites of MS2 to MS4 separated from ter-
specimens (Fig. 1); occipital carina absent; gites by a complete crease; T6 to T8 not
postgena without a tooth; supra-antennal strongly turned anteriorly under T5; ovi-
area without a horn or carina; antennal positor (only known in two species) short-
sockets separated by distance greater than er than apical depth of metasoma, mod-
0.5 diameter ofsocket; eyes withoutprom- erately upcurved, dorsal valve thick and
inent setae; epomia absent (Fig. 1); dorso- rounded apically, overlapping ventral
posterior region of pronotum not strongly valve laterally —(Fig. 7).
thickened in dorsal view; epicnemial ca- Matu—re larva. Unknown.
rina present, not dorsally curving toward Egg. Unknown.
Volume 12, Number 2, 2003 213
— —
Hosts. Unknown. The sister genus Boe- Species included. Five species (see key
thus has been reared from argid sawflies and descripti—ons below).
(Townes et al. 1—992, Gauld 1997). Etymology. Boethella is a modification
Distribution. Southern Mexico, Peru of Boethus (which means "helper" in
and Brazil. Greek) indicating its close relationship
with this genus. Its gender is feminine.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOETHELLA BENNETT
1 Malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible (Fig. 3) (eastern Brazil)
darlingi Bennett, n. sp.
Malar space obliterated: dorsal edge ofsocket ofmandible contiguouswith ventraledge
of eye (Fig. 2) 2
2(1) Mesopleuron with auxiliary carina short, not extending to epicnemial carina (Fig. 1) ... 3
Mesopleuron with auxiliary carina extending from anterior edge and joiningepicnemial
carina slightly ventral to ventral edge of pronotum (Figs. 4 and 5) 4
3(2) Hind tibia brown. (Brazil to southern Mexico) — canilae Bennett, n. sp.
Hind tibia with basal 0.7 yellow, apical 0.3 brown (Brazil Santa Catarina)
hubleyi Bennett, n. sp.
4(2) Epicnemial carina extending dorsal to point of union of auxiliary carina by at least the
length ofauxiliary carina (Fig. 4). T4 predominantlybrown, yellow laterallyandwith
a yellow medial longitudinal stripe or spot in some specimens (Peru)
curriei Bennett, n. sp.
Epicnemial carina extending dorsal to point of union of the auxiliary carina by much
less than the length of auxiliary carina (Fig. 5), or not extending at all. T4 entirely
yellow or yellow with a trace of brown in apical 0.2 and with a longitudinal brown
or brown and white region in medial 0.3 (Brazil: Mato Grosso and Amazonas) ....
guidottiae Bennett, n. sp.
Boethella darlingi Bennett, n. sp. greater than 0.75 length of 2m-cu; spiracle
— Fig. 3 of Tl posterior to 0.7. Orange; antenna ex-
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other cept anterior side of apical two to three
species of Boethella by having the malar flagellomeres, apical 0.2 of mandible, pos-
space 0.5 times basal width of mandible terior of occiput medial to inner margin of
(Fig. 3) (n—ot zero times basal width). eyes, area between ocelli, pronotum along
Female. Unkno—wn. dorsal edge, lateral lobes of mesoscutum
Male (holotype). Fore wing length 3.5 and anterior 0.3 of medial lobe, scuto-scu-
mm; medial part of apical edge of clypeus tellar groove, ventral edge of scutellum,
slightly convex in anterior view, without mesopleuron except dorsoanterior quar-
emargination; groove between clypeus ter, mesosternum except small region me-
and supraclypeal area weak laterally so dioposteriorly; dorsal and ventral edges of
thatbase ofclypeus is relatively flat; malar metapostnotum, anterior groove of pro-
space 0.5 times basal width of mandible; podeum including base of medial longi-
antenna with fourteen flagellomeres; aux- tudinal carinae, ventroanterior corner of
iliary carina of mesopleuron short, not metapleuron; apical 0.8 of hind tibia, hind
joining epicnemial carina; abscissa of fore tarsus, wing veins and stigma, T2 except
M
wing vein between 3rs-m and 2m-cu anterior 0.2, lateral 0.2 and posterior 0.2,
Journalof Hymenoptera Research
214
Material—Holotype 6: BRAZIL, Rio de
Janeiro State, Guanabara, Rio Grande, Re-
presa, 1-31.ii—i.1972 (Alvarenga) (AEIC).
Etymology. This species is named in
honour ofDr. D. C. Darling, seniorcurator
at the Royal Ontario Museum, in recog-
nition of his long-standing appreciation of
the magnificence of the family Ichneu-
monidae. —
Comments. Known only from the ho-
lotype. Boethella darlingi may be the sister
species of the other four species of Boe-
thella because it lacks the obliterated malar
2. canilae space that is synapomorphic of these four
species.
Boethella canilae Bennett n. sp.
Figs. 1-2, 6-7
—
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other
species of Boethella by the combination of
all: 1) malar space obliterated (mandibular
socket contiguous with ventral edge of
eye) (Fig. 2); 2) auxiliary carina of meso-
pleuron short, not joining epicnemial ca-
rina (Fig. 1); 3) hin—d tibia brown.
Female (holotype). Fore wing length 4.1
mm; medial part of apical edge ofclypeus
3. darlingi slightly and broadly emarginate; groove
between clypeus and supraclypeal area
Figs. 2-3. Boethella spp. male,anteriorviewofhead. moderately strong laterally; malar space
2, B. canilae, paratype. 3, B. darlingi, holotype. obliterated (dorsal edge of mandibular
socket contiguous with ventral edge of
T3 to T7 except posterior 0.2 brown; clyp- eye) (Fig. 2); antenna with sixteen flagel-
eus, ventral 0.6 of supraclypeal area, ven- lomeres; auxiliary carina of mesopleuron
tral 0.5 of gena, propleuron, ventral 0.2 of short, not joining epicnemial cMarina (Fig.
pronotum, fore leg except coxa, entire 1); abscissa of fore wing vein between
middle leg, coxa, trochanter, femur and 3rs-m and 2m-cu less than 0.5 length of
basal 0.2 of tibia of hind leg, Tl, anterior 2m-cu; spiracle of Tl anterior to 0.7. Yel-
0.2 and lateral 0.2 of T2 yellow; dorsal 0.8 lowish orange; apical 0.2 of mandible, an-
of pronotum except dorsal ridge and me- tenna except apical flagellomere, occiput
dial region of petiolar region of propo- posterolaterally, posteriorly and in a lon-
deum brownish orange; mouthparts ex- gitudinal stripe extending posteriorly
cept apical 0.5 of mandible, anterior side from between lateral ocelli, dorsal 0.8 of
of apical two to three flagellomeres, fore pronotum, tegula, anterior 0.5 of medial
coxa and metasomal sternites white; pos- lobe mesoscutum and all of lateral lobes,
terior 0.2 of T2 to T6 translucent white; ventral 0.7 of mesopleuron except anterior
gonoforceps light brown; wings strongly to epicnemial carina and in ventroposter-
infumate basally, fading to hyaline apical- ior corner, mesosternum except medial
0.3, metanotum, hind tibia and tarsus,
Volume 12, Number 2, 2003 215
vent.
/
dors./
sheath
4. curriei 5. guidottiae
hyp-
Fig. 7. Boethellacanilae,holotypefemale,lateralview
ofposteriorofmetasomashowingovipositor:vent. =
=
ventral valve of ovipositor, dors. dorsal valve of
ovipositor, sheath = ovipositor sheath, hyp = hypo-
pygium.
hypopygium whitish yellow; dorsal valve
of ovipositor, ovipositor sheath and mem-
6. canilae branes at base of ovipositor white; apical
flagellomere light brown; membrane of
pnFmiaeegrmssaio.tapyll4p-e6ceu.arrmoiannlBa:oe.e.ta4hu.6ex,l.Bl.Ba.=csucrpaarnpuii.exliia,e4l,-ip5aah,rroyalMtocayatlpryeeip,n.ea,l5fa,teeemBpr.iaacllg.eu,iv=didoetoetwrpisiaocoe-,-f wapiiMncagalslel.yh—yianSlaifnomereewawimsitnfmhge.maatlreaceexcoefptinffouremawtiinogn
posterior view of propodeum and first metasomal length 2.9 to 4.8 and antenna with fif-
segment. teen to eighteen flagellomeres. Colourvar-
iations: Dark morph as female, except all
flagellomeres brown, occiput with less
wing veins and stigma, spot occupying brown posterolaterally, apical 0.2 of hind
posterior 0.5 and lateral 0.3 of T2, T3 to T7 tibia brown in some specimens and T2
except posterior 0.2 and triangular-shaped completely brown except orange in a tri-
medial portions of T4 to T7 brown; head angular region basomedially and yellow-
(except antenna, mouthparts and occiput ish white in posterior 0.2; gonoforceps
as noted above), ventral 0.2 of pronotum, lightbrown. Light morph as femaleexcept
posterior 0.5 of medial lobe of mesoscu- clypeus, supraclypeal area and orbits yel-
tum, scutellum, dorsal 0.3 ofmesopleuron, lowish orange; occiput, pronotum, meso-
anterior to epicnemial carina and in ven- scutum, scutellum and mesopleuron com-
troposterior corner orange; posterior 0.2 of pletely orange; T2 entirely brown except
T2, posterior 0.2 and lateral 0.2 of T3 to anterolateral corners (or entire anterior
T7, medial triangular portions ofT4 to T7, 0.1) orange, posterior 0.2 yellowish-white;
metasomal epipleura and sterna including gonoforceps light brown. Inter morph as
216 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
light morph except apical flagellomere meres; auxiliary carina of mesopleuron
only light brown at apex; lateral lobes of long, joining epicnemial carina, the latter
mesoscutum completely brown; dorsal 0.5 extending only slightly dorsal to point of
of pronotum orange brown. union with auxiliary caMrina (Fig. 5); ab-
Material—Holotype 9, BRAZIL, Espir- scissa of fore wing vein between 3rs-m
ito Santo, Castelo, l-30.xi.1976 (M. Alvar- and 2m-cu less than 0.5 length of 2m-cu;
enga) (AEIC). Paratypes. 3 6, same data as spiracle of Tl anterior to 0.7. Yellow; basal
holotype; 1 6, Sao Paulo State, Sao Jose 0.5 of mandible, apical five flagellomeres
do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaina, 22°37'59"S, of antenna, medial 0.5 of propleuron, me-
44°34'59"W, 1650 m, l-30.xi.1969, (Alvar- dial 0.2 of mesosternum, entire metapleu-
enga and Seabra) (AEIC); 1 6, MEXICO, ron, coxa and trochanter of fore and mid-
Chiapas, 10 km south of Ocozocoautla, dle legs, tarsus of fore leg whitish yellow;
1220 m, 2.vii—i.l962. (H. Milliron) (CNCI). posterior 0.2 of T2 to T5 as well as lateral
Etymology. This species is named in edges ventral to spiracle, medial triangu-
honour of Dr. C. Canil in recognition of lar region (widest in posterior) on T3 to
her exemplary volunteer work at the Roy- T7, metasomal sternites, hypopygium ex-
al Ontario Mu—seum. cept for a triangular stripe just ventral to
Comments. Boethella canilae is quite var- dorsal edge, membranes around oviposi-
iable in colour with the pronotum, meso- tor white; scape, pedicel, apical 0.3 ofhind
pleuron and mesoscutum ranging from tibia, hind tarsus, stigma, apical wing
predominantly brown to completely or- veins and narrow border around medial
ange (in same collection site). The male triangular regions of T3 to T7 yellowish
specimen from Mexico is smaller than the brown; supra-antennal area, vertex, occi-
other males (fore wing = 2.9 mm) but ap- put, dorsal 0.3 of gena, dorsal 0.5 of pro-
pears to be conspecific (similar to the light notum and mesoscutum yellowish orange;
morph males except that T2 and T3 are apical 0.2 of mandibles, flagellum except
orange brown instead of brown). The apical five flagellomeres, basal wing veins
specimen is in relatively poor condition brown; wing membrane weakly to mod-
and newer material from Mexico may re- erately infumate anteriorly and apically,
veal structural differences that distinguish hyaline—posteriorly and subapically.
this population as a distinct species. Male. Similar to female except apical
edge ofclypeus slightly convex to truncate
Boethella guidottiae Bennett, n. sp. medially, (emargination present in only
— Fig. 5 some male specimens); fore wing length
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other 3.2 to 4.8 mm; antenna with sixteen to
species of Boethella, by the combination of: nineteen flagellomeres. Colour variations:
1) auxiliary carina of mesopleuron long, Light morph similar to female except api-
joining epicnemial carina, the latter ex- cal two to seven flagellomeres whitish yel-
tending only slightly dorsal to point of low and in most specimens, medial 0.5 of
union with auxiliary carina or not extend- T6 and all of T7 yellowish brown; gono-
ing (Fig. 5); 2) T4 p—redominantly yellow. forceps whitish yellow. Dark morph or-
Female (holotype). Fore wing length 4.0 ange; clypeus, mouthparts except apical
mm; medial part of apical edge ofclypeus 0.6 of mandible, ventral 0.5 of pronotum,
with a slight, narrow emargination; propleuron, metapleuron, propodeum,
groove between clypeus and supraclypeal fore leg, middle leg, coxa, trochanter and
area moderately strong laterally; malar femur of hind leg yellow; apical two to
space obliterated (dorsal edge of mandib- four flagellomeres and sternites of meta-
ular socket contiguous with ventral edge soma whitish yellow; all structures that
of eye); antenna with seventeen flagello- are brown in female are also brown in
Volume 12, Number 2, 2003 217
dark morph male as are all wing veins meres; auxiliary carina of mesopleuron
and stigma; T2 to T7 vary from yellow to short, not joining epicnemial carina; ab-
M
light brown, tending to be more brown scissa of fore wing vein between 3rs-m
medially and posteriorly, apical 0.1 to 0.2 and 2m-cu less than 0.5 length of 2m-cu;
of each tergite may be white or uniform spiracle ofTl anterior to 0.7. Yellowish or-
with rest of tergite, some specimens are ange; apical 0.2 of mandible, antennae ex-
also similar to holotype with medial 0.3 to cept apical two flagellomeres, anterior 0.5
0.5 of T3 to T7 with unpigmented, trian- of medial lobe of mesoscutum, lateral lobe
gular regions which may indicate incom- ofmesoscutum except anterior, lateral and
plete sclerotization of these segments (a medial edges, mesopleuron, mesosternum
longitudinal, medial suture line is also except medial 0.2, apical 0.3 of hind tibia,
present on the posterior tergites in these hind tarsomeres, wing veins, stigma and
specimens); basal 0.7 to 0.8 of hind tibia T3 to T7 except posterior 0.2 and lateral
may be yellow to brownish yellow (but 0.1 to 0.2 brown; occiput medioposterior-
base always lighter than apical 0.2 which ly, pronotum, tegula, posterior 0.5 of me-
is brown); gonoforceps yellowish orange dial lobe of mesoscutum, anterior, lateral
to whitish brown. and medial edges of lateral lobes of me-
Material—Holotype 9, BRAZIL, Mato soscutum, scutellum, T2, lateral 0.2 of T3,
Grosso, Sinop, 12°31'S, 55°37'W, Malaise lateral 0.1 of T4 to T7 orange; palpi, basal
Trap, 1-31.x.1974 (M. Alvarenga) (CNCI). 0.8 of mandibles, fore and middle coxa
Paratypes. 5 8, same data as holotype ex- and trochanter and anterior 0.7 ofTl whit-
cept one from 1-31.x.1976 and three 1- ish yellow; apical two flagellomeres light
31.xi.1975; 3 8, same data as holotype ex- brown; membrane of wings hyaline with
cept 1-31.x.1976 (AEIC); 2 8, Amazonas, a trace o—finhumation apically in fore wing.
4°33'S, 71°38'W, l-30.ix.1979 {Alvarenga) Male. Unknown.
(AEIC). — Material—Holotype 9, BRAZIL, Santa
Etymology. This species is named in Catarina, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, 300-500m,
honour of Ms. A. Guidotti in recognition 25.viii.1962 (—F. Plaumann) (CNCI).
of her dedicated work as technician of the Etymology. This species is named in
entomology collection of the Royal Ontar- honour of Mr. B. Hubley in recognition of
io Museum. his tireless work as collection manager of
entomology at the Royal Ontario Muse-
Boethella hubleyi Bennett, n. sp. um.
— —
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Comments. Known only from the ho-
species of Boethella by the combination of lotype. Colours in fresh material may be
rt//: 1) malar space obliterated (mandibular more contrasting because of the age and
socket contiguous with ventral edge of condition of the holotype at time of de-
eye); 2) auxiliary carina of mesopleuron scription. Boethella hubleyi is similar to B.
short, not joining epicnemial carina; 3) canilae but the former canbe distinguished
hind tibia yellowish orange in basal 0.7, by the bi-coloured hind tibia. Similar col-
brown apically. — ouration of the hind tibia is only known
Female (holotype). Fore wing length 4.5 in B. guidottiae, however this can be distin-
mm; medial part of apical edge of clypeus guished from B. hubleyi by the structure of
slightly and broadly emarginate; groove the epicnemial carina.
between clypeus and supraclypeal area
moderately strong laterally; malar space Boethella curriei Bennett, n. sp.
obliterated (dorsal edge of mandibular — Fig. 4
socket contiguous with ventral edge of Diagnosis. Distinguished from other
eye); antenna with seventeen flagello- species of Boethella by the combination of:
218 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
1) the auxiliary carina of mesopleuron ange are more yellowish orange and yel-
long, joining epicnemial carina, the latter lowish orange structures more yellow;
extending dorsal to point of union of aux- hind tibia yellow in basal 0.2, yellowish
iliary carina by at least the length of aux- brown medially, brown apically; medial
iliary carina (Fig. 4); 2) T4 predominantly longitudinal stripe on T4 to T7 less prom-
brown, — inent; T4 completely yellowish brown ex-
Female—. Unknown. cept for anterolateral corners and posteri-
Male. Fore wing length 3.2 to 3.8 mm; or 0.2. —
medial part of apical edge of clypeus Material. Holotype 6, PERU, Cusco,
slightly and broadly emarginate; groove near Marcapata, Avispas, 1-30.ix.1962 (L.
between clypeus and supraclypeal area Vena) (AEIC). Paratypes. 1 6, same data
moderately strong laterally; malar space as holotype except 1-15.x.1962; 1 6, same
obliterated (dorsal edge of mandibular as holotype e—xcept 20-30.ix.1962.
socket contiguous with ventral edge of Etymology. This species is named in
eye); antenna with sixteen flagellomeres; honour of Dr. D. C. Currie, curator and
auxiliary carina ofmesopleuron long,join- keeper of black flies at the Royal Ontario
ing epicnemial carina, the latter extending Museum, in recognition of his unfathom-
dorsal to point ofunion ofauxiliary carina able appreciation of fried spam sandwich-
by at least the length of auxiliary carina; es. —
M
abscissa of fore wing vein between 3rs- Comments. The specimen caught 1-
m
and 2m-cu less than 0.5 length of 2m- 15.X.1962 is not only lighter in colour than
cu; spiracle ofTl anterior to 0.7. Yellowish the other two specimens, but also has a
orange; apical 0.2 ofmandible, antenna ex- much less pronounced sternaulus and a
cept for apical one to two flagellomeres, weaker, shorter epicnemial carina. Addi-
hind tibia (except in basal 0.2 in some tional material is necessary to determine if
specimens), hind tarsus, wing veins and these differences are intra- or interspecific,
stigma brown (ventral part of stigma light ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
brown in some specimens); dorsal 0.5 of
head, dorsal 0.5 of pronotum and meso- Funding forthisstudywasprovidedbyanNSERC
SCUtum orange (head and pronotumblend operatinggrant to Dr. D.C. Darlingandbytheamaz-
uniformly from orange dorsally to yellow- ing and orten under-appreciated efforts of my gain-
ish orange ventrally); basal 0.8 of mandi- fullyemPloyed wife Dr. C.Canil. Additionalfunding
idb,ileeus„,m,^pa„illiaptie,•rafclion0r.e^2aonf<-darTn2nmitjdojdtT-il,4e, plloe&sgst,e'rpriroropr0o.-1 wimcaeansnt,pvEornfcotvZo~imodooell,dooggibycvaalsthweIenlUs„ltniiatvsuet,bresyiwtth*hyieco„BhfoTaforurdnodnoetf.dot,h'terDaeA/vpmeaelrrtt--o
to 0.2 of T3 to T4 and thin, medial longi- the AEIC. The hospitality of Dr. D. Wahl is much
tudinal Stripe on T4 to T7 yellow; tegula, appreciated during visits to the AEIC as well as his
medial 0.6 of T4, (except for posterior 1 permission to include undescribed Townes material
t(,oex0c.e2pta.nf,dormmeeddii.aa.ll.ssttrriiFppee)),,,' mael„ldioaf,lrTri60,.a8nodf, mTT57 h!hneell,mppyedd,usprtiiundnipgeosivni.stIintBsraadt2dolilttiihaoenn,CloINc*aC.lIlJt.iaeHsnudbTeDwrro.waNan.soJnoofyhmgnroseuoasnt
(except for medial Stripe) yellowish reviewers made valuable comments to the manu-
brown; apical one to two flagellomeres script. Study space and equipment was provided by
and gonoforceps whitish brown; sternites the R°yal °ntario Museum.
of metasoma yellowish white; glossa LITERATURE CITED
white; wings strongly infumate basally
and dorsally, hyaline subapically and pos- Bennett, A. M. R. 2002. Cladistics oftheTryphoninae
teriorly and weakly infumate apically. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with a discus-
Colour variation: specimen caught 1- sion of host use and the evolution of parasitism
mliCbew.inxr.>s1£9—'6-2> is li-igUhit.er than other two speci.- TinortohnetoI/ch3n6e6umpopnidae, Ph.Dthesis. Universityof
structures described above as or- Bennett, A. M. R. in prep. Cladistics oftheTryphon-
