A New Combination in Pleopeltis and Some Nomenclatural Notes Related to Illustrations Validating Fern Names

2010·3.2 MB·English

by  Jefferson Prado

A
New
Combination Some
and
in Pleopeltis
Nomenclatural
Notes
Related
to Illustrations
Names
Validating Fern
and
j\DO Regina Y. Hira
'ostal 3005, 01031-970, Sao P
During our
participation as reviewer or author of an annotated
checklist of
the ferns and lycophytes from Cono Sur (by the first author; Ponce et ah, 2008)
and from Brazil by both authors (Labiak and we
Hirai, 2010), discovered
name
problems
involving
a for a species in Polypodiaceae. These problems
are
related to the correct understanding of the Articles 42.3 and 42.4 of the current
Code
(McNeill
et 2006) regarding with
al., illustration analyses validating
names
and
at species infraspecies and
levels, the selection of a correct
new
basionym
for a combination.
The
provisions of these Articles in the current Code (McNeill
et al, 2006)
are: "42.3. Prior to 1 January 1908 an illustration with analysis, or non-
for
vascular plants a showing
single
figure details aiding
identification,
is
acceptable, the purpose
for of this Article, in place of a written description
or diagnosis. 42.4. For the purpose of Art. 42, an analysis a figure or group
is of
commonly
figures, separate from the main illustration the plant (though
of
same
usually on the page or showing
plate), details aiding with
identification,
or without a separate caption."
In other words, a published illustration can be used to validate a name of a
vascular plant published before 1908, but needs show
this illustration
to
adequate match
details to the requirements both
of Articles to therefore be
considered acceptable. This provision has been Code
in the since the Congress
of Vienna in 1905 (Morton, 1967), but the Sydney Code (Voss
et 1983)
al.,
introduced
a clarification that a caption necessary in order consider an
is to
illustration validly published; this caption can be separate or together with the
illustration.
AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMBER
190 JOURNAL:
100 4 (2010)
At least two examples of misinterpretation of these rules can be taken from
monographs and
recently published neotropical There
floras for ferns. are
we
two
probably other similar examples, but present just of them, as follows.
The example polypod belonging Polypodium
first is related to a fern to the
polypodioides complex, revised by Weatherby These epiphytic
(1939). are
plants with laminar surfaces overlain by scales. In the southern part of South
America, a focus of our studies, at least six names have been applied to a
species from this complex, in different genera and ranks: Marginaria minima
minimum
Polypodium Polypodium
Bory, (Bory] Herter, polypodioides
(L.)
minimum
Watt Kuhlm. & Kuhn, Goniophlehium incanum
var. (Bory) (Sw.)
J.
Sm. minus Fee "minor"), Polypodium polypodioides Watt
var. (as (L.) var.
minus Weath., and Polypodium squalidum
(Fee) Veil.
Polypodium squalidum was combined by
in Pleopeltis Sota (2003) in order
new
accommodate proposed by
to this species in the sense of Pleopeltis
Windham
Andrews and (1993). Sota (2003) based his decision on information
who name
presented by Burkart adopted the published by Vellozo
(1963),
(1831 [1827], 1881). Three questions arise from this nomenclatural act: 1) is
name
Polypodium squalidum
Vellozo's validly published?; the oldest
2) is
name name
and
for this taxon?; not, there another available to be
3) if is
combined
in Pleopeltis?
As discussed by Weatherby and Morton names published by
(1939) (1967),
Vellozo (1831 [1827]) in Florae Fluminensis Icones in 1827 (actually, as
by
pointed out Carauta (1973), the effective date of publication of Florae
Fluminensis Icones, 11 1831) were not validly published because they
vol.
is
were accompanied only by illustrations that did not show essential characters.
We
Thus, not all requirements of the Code for valid publication were fulfilled.
when
However, were
agree. the descriptions for the Vellozo's species
names became
published in 1881, these validly published, but the date of
names
the validity of the 1881, not 1831
is [1827].
We
also conclude, as did Burkart (1963), that Polypodium squalidum not
is
name
the oldest for this species, and that Marginaria minima Bory an older
is
basyonym
available for this species in Pleopeltis.
"'minimum" was
Burkart (1963) noted that the epithet pre-occupied in
Polypodium, so he adopted the next available name, Polypodium squalidum
name
Veil., as the for this species. His conclusion was based on the fact that
name we
was
the Vellozo's validly published in 1831 [1827]. In this point
believe he erred, because he considered both figures diagnostics the taxon.
for
Weatherby (1939) pointed out that the attachment of the scales on the lamina
(appressed or somewhat spreading), scale margins, and scale position on the
laminar surfaces are the essential characters for distinguishing this taxon from
michauxianum
ones [Polypodium polypodioides Weath.;
related
var. P.
polypodioides var. aciculare Weath.). Also, the venation pattern (free) in P.
polypodioides minus from Polypodium Kunze,
var. differs that in ecklonii
which has anastomosing veins. Unfortunately, the details of veins and scales
are not visible on the figure published by Vellozo.
PRADO NEW
& HIRAI: COMBINATION AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES
Despite the fact that there is an older name for the Polypodium squalidum,
many
recent authors have used the combination published by
Sota
(2003) in
Pleopeltis, Pensiero and Gutierrez Schwartsburd and
e.g., (2005), Labiak
Labiak Prado and
(2007), et al. (2008), Labiak (2009), Assis and Labiak
(2009),
and and Almeida
Salino
(2010).
known
For the species heretofore as Pleopeltis squalida de we
(Veil.) la Sota,
new
propose combination and
a choose a lectotype as follows:
New
combination:
minima
Pleopeltis (Bory) Prado & comb.
R. Y. Hirai, nov. Marginaria
J.
minima
Bory,
Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 10: 177. 1826. Goniopblebium incanum
Sm. minus
(Sw.)
var. Fee, Crypt. Vase.
Bresil 107. 1869, as "minor".
}. 1:
minimum
Polypodium
(Bory) Herter, Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo,
ser.
2,
nom. non
1: 368, tab. 28. 1925, illeg., Aublet (1775), nec Brackridge
(1854),
Moore
Baker Polypodium
T. (1857), (1879). polypodioides Watt
(L.) var.
minus
(Fee) Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. Polypodium
124: 31. 1939.
minimum
polypodioides Watt Kuhlm. & Kuhn,
(L.) var. (Bory)
Fl. Distr.
Ibiti: 22. 1948. Lectotype here chosen: "parties temprees du Bresil" Santa
Catarina, Crypt. Voy. de la Coquille 61 (P00632926!).
Fig.
1.
Polypodium
squalidum
Flumin. 1831 [nomen
Veil., Fl. Icon. 11: 76. [1827)
t.
nudum], Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro 449. 1881. Pleopeltis squalida
5:
de Hickenia
(Veil.) la Sota, 3(46): 196. 2003. Lectotype chosen by Burkart
Flumin.
(1963): Fl. Icon. 11: tab. 76.
Polypodium
microlepis Fee, Gen. 238. 1852, ex descr. Type: America
fil.:
Australi, Herb. Mougeotiano, Pamplin 38 not
(P, seen).
and
Distribution habitat.—This species grows
epiphytically
or terrestrially
in forests; Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay; 0-1800 m.
The
sheet containing the lectotype here selected has two collections by
Coquille, one with barcode P00632925
the and
[Coquille 60] the other
P00632926 Above
[Coquille specimen
61]. the of Coquille 60 there an
is
annotation pointing was
out
that collected in Santa Catarina State in 1827,
it
one year after the publication of the name by Bory
(1826).
For an synonyms
additional of Weatherby
list for this taxon, see
(1939, 31,
p.
under Polypodium
polypodioides minus
var. (Fee) Weath.).
A
second example same
name
of the problem, publication of a species by
using an inadequate was documented by Morton who
illustration,
(1967),
name
discussed adoption
the of the Lindsaea klotzschiana Moritz ex
Ettingsh.
by Kramer According Morton
(1957). to (1967), Lindsaea feei C. Chr. the
is
name
correct for the species, because klotzschiana was
L. not validly
published either by Moritz apud Morton by
(1854, 1967) or Ettingshausen
apud Morton
Morton's
(1865, 1967). In (1967) opinion, Moritz
(1854)
nomen nudum
published a because Ettingshausen
published only
(1865)

PRADO NEW
COMBINATION AND NOMENCLATURAL
& HIRAI: NOTES
one small showing
illustration details of the venation of a pinna. Morton
concluded was
that this insufficient to meet the provisions for valid
publication in the Code that time, the Edinburgh Code, Lanjouw
(at et al,
Even though Morton
1966).
(1967) called attention
to this point, unfortunately,
most name
recent have adopted
floras the Lindsaea klotzschiana
instead of
L.
example,
feei, for Stolze (1981), Murillo-Pulido and Harker-Useche
(1990),
Moran
Smith
(1995), Mickel and Smith and Gomez and
(1995),
(2004),
Arbelaez we
(2009). So, to solve this nomenclatural problem suggest the
following both name:
citation for species
Lindsaea
feei C. Chr., Index Filic. 393. 1906, nam. nov. for elegans Fee,
L.
Gen. Filic. (Mem. Foug. 106. 1852, nom. non Hooker
5) illeg., (1837).
Lindsaea
klotzschiana Moritz ex
Ettingsh., Farnkr.
Jetztw. 212, 145,
pi. 12.
f.
nom.
1865(1864), nud. Lectotype chosen by Kramer
Venezuela,
(1957):
W
Tovar, Moritz 238 (P00538895!,
duplicates
not
B!, P!, seen).
To
avoid future nomenclatural problems
related to the correct interpretation
we new
of Art. 42.4 proposed a wording new
for this Article, plus a
explanatory Note and one example &
(Prado
Hirai 2010).
providing the photo of the type specimen of Marginaria minima, Dr. Alan R. Smith (UC) and Dr.
AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMBER
JOURNAL:
100 4
(2010)