Table Of Content-
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A NEW
CLASSICAL* DICTIONARY
3^/f
OP GREEK AND ROMAN
BIOGRAPHY, MYTHOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY,
PARTLY BASED UPON THE
DICTIONARY- OF GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.
BY WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D.,
O 7 7
EDITOR OF THE DICTIONARIES OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, AND OF GREEK AND
ROMAN BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.
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*• <**■' Nc$A
IStebtseti, toltt) numerous Corrections anti Solutions,
BY CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D.,
PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
NEW-YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
FRANKLIN-SQUARE.
1854.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand
eight hundred and fifty, by
Harper & Brothers,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District
of New York.
Gift
Beniamin Tusko
April 26,1931 |
TO
CHARLES KING, LL. D
PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE,
THE STAUNCH FRIEND OF CLASSICAL LEARNING,
AND
WHO HAS RETAINED AMID THE BUSY SCENES OF PUBLIC LIFE
SO ACCURATE A PERCEPTION OF, AND SO KEEN A
RELISH FOR, THE CHARMS OF
Imk auir Unman litrrnturi.
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PREFACE OF THE AMERICAN EDITOR.
The volume here presented to the American public is one of a series of Diction¬
aries prepared under the editorial supervision of Dr. William Smith, aided by a
number of learned men, and designed to present in an English dress the valuable
historical and archaeological researches of the scholars of Germany. For it is a
fact not to be denied, that classical learning has found its proper abode in the
latter country, and that whatever of value on these subjects has appeared in
England for many years past, has been, with a few honorable exceptions—rari
nantes in gurgite vasto—derived immediately or remotely from German sources.
For instance, an English “ Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ” desires
a “ History of Greek Literature; ” none but a German can be found competent to
prepare it, and when death removes him in the midst of his noble efforts, a
continuator can not be found on English soil, and the ablest history of Greek
literature (as far as it goes) remains a fragment. Turn over the pages of the most
elaborate and valuable English histories of Greece, and how few names are there
quoted as authorities out of the limits of the land of antiquarian research. Thirl-
wall’s and Grote’s splendid superstructures rest on Teutonic foundations. The
text-books used even in the Universities, which claim a Bentley and a Porson
among their illustrious dead, and where Gaisford still labors in a green old age,
the Nestor of English scholarship, are mere reprints fr6m, or based on, German
recensions. The University press sends forth an Aristotle, an iEschylus, a
Sophocles, and what English alumnus of Oxford or Cambridge performs the critical
revision—we read on the title-page the Teutonic names of Bekker, Dindorf, &c.
As in every other department of classical learning English scholarship is indebted
to German labors, so, until the appearance of the present series of dictionaries
(mostly the result of German erudition), she had nothing to put in comparison
with the valuable classical encyclopaedias of Germany but the miserable compen-
diums of Lempriefe and Dymock—compilations in which the errors were so glaring
and so absurd, that when the American editor of the present work prepared a
revised edition of Lempriere, pruning away many of its faults, correcting many of
its misstatements, supplying many of its deficiencies, and introducing to his coun¬
trymen the latest results of German scholarship, his work was immediately
reprinted, and found extensive circulation in England. Though he had to work
single-handed, and amid many discouragements and disadvantages, yet his labors
seemed to meet with favor abroad, and this approbation was distinctly manifested
in the fact that his last revision of Lempriere was republished in its native land in
several different forms and in abridgments. What he sought to do unaided, and
in the intervals of laborious professional duties, has now been undertaken on a
more extended scale by an association of scholars, both English and foreign. The
increased attention paid to this department in Germany, the recent discoveries
made by travellers in more thorough explorations, the vast amount of literary
VI PREFACE OF THE AMERICAN EDITOR.
material collected in separate works, or scattered through the published proceed¬
ings of learned societies, at length suggested to these scholars the propriety of
exhibiting in one body the latest results of German learning. An able and useful
guide was found at hand in the learned and copious “ Real-Encyclopadie der Alter-
thumswissenschaft von Aug. Pauly.” Following in the footsteps of Pauly and his
fellow-laborers, and using freely the materials and the references of these writers,
as well as other works of standard excellence not otherwise accessible to English
students, Dr. William Smith, aided by some twenty-eight collaborateurs, English
and German, prepared,
1st. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London, 1842, in one vol.
8vo., of 1121 pages; reprinted in a new edition, London, 1850.
2dly. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, in 3 vols.
8vo., of about 3600 pages; to be followed by,
Sdly. A Dictionary of Ancient Geography, now in preparation.
After the completion of the second of these works, Dr. W. Smith and his
brother, the Rev. Philip Smith, from that work, from Pauly’s Encyclopadie, and
other works, drew up a “Classical Dictionary for Schools” (of Greek and Roman
Biography, Mythology, and Geography), which should by its size and price be
accessible to all students, and present in a brief and convenient form the latest and
most reliable results in these departments. The plan and detail of the work are
stated at length in the preface of the English editor, subjoined to this, on p. xiii.-
xv., to which the reader is referred. When the printing of this work commenced,
the publishers of the American edition immediately made an jfrrangement with the
English publishers, and purchased at a considerable cost the sheets in advance, to
be revised and edited for «irculation in this country ; and the two books were to
appear nearly simultaneously. The present work is the revised edition of the
English one, and will be found, the editor believes, greatly improved, as well as
much more complete. It is not, however designed to, and, in the editor’s opinion,
will not supersede his own “ Classical Dictionary” published in 1841, since the
articles are purposely brief, and results only are stated, without that fullness of
detail which is desirable to the more advanced scholar and the educated man
of leisure ; but it is intended for the use of those whose means will not allow a
more expensive, or their scanty time the use of a more copious work; in other
words, it is meant to take the place, by reason of its convenient size and low price,
of Lempriere’s old dictionary, which, with all its absurd errors and defects, still
has a lingering existence in certain parts of our country on account of its cheapness.
On this head the English editor speaks strongly; in point of literary or scientific
value, Lempriere’s dictionary is dead—“ requiescat in pace”—and to put it into a
boy’s hands now as a guide in classical matters would be as wise and as useful as
giving him some mystic treatise of the Middle Ages on alchemy to serve as a text¬
book in chemistry. The present work contains all the names of any value to a
schoolboy occurring in Lempriere, and a great many not in that work, while the
information is derived from the fountain-head, and not from the diluted stream of
French encyclopedias.
As regards the plan pursued in revising the work, the editor has been guided by
the wants of the class for whom it is specially designed; he has therefore inserted
