Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
93(3), 1991, pp. 116-783
A NEW BRUCHOPHAGUS FROM GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA
PURSH IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
(HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: EURYTOMIDAE)
B. McDaniel and a. Boe
Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57007.
Abstract.—Anewspecies, BruchophagusgrisselliMcDanieland Boe, whichinfestsseeds
ofGlycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (American licorice), is described and illustrated. It's known
from South Dakota and North Dakota in the USA. A field study at 8 sites showed that
B. grisselli has a wide distribution throughout the Dakotas.
Key Words: infests seeds, American licorice
The genus Bruchophagus was described portant introduced forage legumes, trees, or
in 1888 (Ashmead 1888) without including shrubs.
any species orthe designation ofa type spe- Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh is a wide-
cies. In 1894 Ashmead placed 3 species in spread native North American legume that
hisgenusBruchophagus: borealisAshmead, has potential for forage and conservation
mexicanusAshmeadandfunebris(Howard) purposes (Boe and Wynia 1985). Brucho-
transferred from Eurytoma. Burks (1957) phagus glycyrrhizae Nikol'skaya was de-
stated that Ashmead considered B. borealis scribed from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. seeds in
and B. mexicanusto be parasitesofbruchid Europe. In the United States to date, only
beetlesofthegenusBruchus. Thethirdchal- the bruchid beetle seed predators Acan-
cid, Eurytoma funebris, included in Bru- thoscelides aureolus (Horn) and A. frater-
chophagusby Ashmead, was listedas a par- culus (Horn) have been recorded from G.
asite of the clover-seed midge [Dasineura lepidota (Boe et al. 1988, Center and John-
leguminicola (Lintn.)] by Ashmead. Hop- son 1976).
kins(1896)andTitus(1904)concluded that ThispaperdescribesanewspeciesofBru-
B. funebris was phytophagous in clover chophagus collected from seeds of G. lepi-
seeds. Presently the generic name Brucho- dota and presents information on its distri-
phagus has become affiliated with phyto- bution in North and South Dakota.
phagy in legume seeds (Burks 1957).
Materials and Methods
Out ofa total of8 recorded North Amer-
ican species ofBruchophagus, 5 have been Mature pods ofG. lepidotawerecollected
collected from legume seeds while hosts of from 8 sites in North and South Dakota in
the other 3 species, B. sculptus (Ashmead), 1988. Pods were placed in 1.8-liter paper
B. noctua Girault, and B. borealis are un- cartons that were wrapped with aluminum
known. B. mexicanus has been described foil and fitted with a 5-ml vial to trap pho-
from seeds ofseveral species ofAstragalus totropicchalcids(McDaniel and Boe 1990).
nativetoNorthAmerica(Burks 1957, 1979). Emergence of adult chalcids began in late
Four species have been recorded from im- March and continued through mid-June of
VOLUME NUMBER
93, 3 777
1989. Vials were checked daily and num- ing angle toward nuda; wings with very
bers ofchalcids trapped were determined. lightly pigmented setae sparsely arranged
Female and male reproductive structures over disc; marginal vein longer than post-
were studied for ovipositor sheath length, marginal; parastigma with clear region at
number oframi spines, number of8th ter- attachmentto marginal; stigmal longerthan
gitc setae, and male reproductive apparatus postmarginal, shorter than marginal; sub-
length. Reproductive structures for both marginal vein with 9 dorsal setae, single
sexes are illustrated. sensillum behind first dorsal submarginal
seta; dorsal parastigma with two sensilla;
costal cell with single row of dorsal setae,
Bruchophagus grisselli ventral surface with scattered setae; para-
McDaniel and Boe, Nkw Spkciks stigma with two large setae similar in struc-
Female.—Length 1.7 to 2.5 mm; head ture to submarginal setae; speculum closed;
dark black; mesosoma black; pronotum, cubital and medial hairlinesdistinctondor-
propodeum, petiole, gaster black; antcnnal sal surface; medial hairline connected with
scape with basal area orange-yellow, apex cubital hairline in region ofspeculum; basal
darkened; pedicel, flagcllum darkened; sen- hairlinedistinct, connectingcubital hairline
silla as shown in Fig. 1 for left antenna; closing speculum; radial cell with setae;
maxillary palp brown and yellow; mandi- fringe extends around wing from postmar-
bles yellow with darkened teeth; legs with ginal vein to region ofspeculum, devoid of
coxae black at attachment oftrochanter, or- fringe setae from speculum region to sub-
ange-yellow at attachment to tibia; second marginal vein; propodeum deeply slanted
femurwith black oval spot nearattachment with punctures similar to those on scutel-
to trochanter, rest of femur orange-yellow; lum; abdomen withoutenlargementofsixth
third femur completely black except for segment; ovipositor (Fig. 3) second valvi-
small orange-yellow area at attachment of fers (Vf2) with 2 semicircular sheath spines
tibia; tibia and tarsus ofall legs orange-yel- near apodemes of laminated bridge
low, firstandsecondtibiawithoutanybrown (Lam.Br.); ramus (Ra.) with a rangeoffrom
markings, third tibia with some brown 32 to 40 spines (Ra.Sp.) on right valvifer
markings; tarsusofall withoutanydarkcol- (mean of36.0 for 10 specimens), and from
oring, color lighter than tibia (more yellow 32 to 37 on left valvifer (mean of 34.9 for
with noorangetinge); hindcoxaelargerthan specimens), spineswidely spaced in lam-
1
coxae offirst and second legs; all coxae cov- inated bridge area, close together near ful-
ered with piliferous punctures; head with cral plate area; fulcral plate (Ful.Pl.) attach-
deep piliferous punctures dorsally between ment ofovipositor outer plate (Ops.Ot.Pl.)
ocelli not extending past posterogcnal re- near fulcral plate notch (Ful. PI. Not.); ful-
gion; frons concave between eyes; anlennal cral plate with deep notch, head region with
scrobes at base ofconcave frons; scape lon- pointed apex; outer ovipositor plate fused
ger than pedicel and first funicular segment with eighth Icrgitc (8-Tcg.) sclcrotized, plat-
together; funicularsegmentswith sensilla as ed, ventral area membranous; eighth tcrgite
shown in Fig. 1; club segments fused, 3 in with pairedsetae(8-Teg.Set.)extendingfrom
number, first two similar in size, last seg- cercus (Ce.) toward attachment of fulcral
ment broad at base, narrowing to rounded plate, fused ovipositor outer plate, and
apex (Fig. 1); mesosoma collar broad, with eighth tcrgite; numberofsetae ranging from
piliferous punctures; pronotum with pili- 63 to 76 (mean of69.7 for 10 specimens),
ferous punctures; scutellum convex, with setal region plated similar to dorsal fused
piliferous punctures associated with curved area ofovipositor outer plate; eighth tcrgite
whitesetae; mesosoma formingadeepslop- separated from ventral region ofovipositor
778 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
outerplatebyadarkbandthatextendsfrom bles similar to female; wings with darker
fused dorsal area of ovipositor outer plate setae, more numerous in disc region than
tocercus; epipygium (Ep.)with seriesoflong female; submarginal vein with nine setae;
setae; cercuswith fivesetaeofdifferentsizes parastigma with setae similar in structure
and shapes; ovipositor inner plate tosubmarginalsetae; submarginalveinwith
(Ops.In.PI.) separated from second valvi- same placement and number ofsensilla as
fers by darkened region that connects apo- female; costal cell same as female; basal se-
demes of outer and inner rami and apo- tae connectingcubital hairline closing spec-
demes of laminated bridge, darkened area ulum; reproductive apparatus (Figs. 4, 5)
separates centers ofsecond valvifers, dark- parameres with 3 setae (Par.PI.Set.), one
ened area narrow where it connects with associated with apex which is usually hid-
laminatedbridgeapodemeswideningwhere den between the digiti (Dgi.) and aedeagus
it connects with lower valvifer apodeme, (Aeg.); other two paramere setae on narrow
darkened region separates ovipositor inner arm offused paramere plates (Fus.Par.Pl.),
plate from membranous centers of second the latterlargerthan apical setae; digiti with
valvifers; lower valvifer ramus fused with two teeth (Dgi.Teth.) and a thumb-like pro-
fulcral plate extending to area containing jection; aedeagus dorsally covers digiti and
fourmonitoringspines(Ful.Pl.Sp.); ovipos- caulis (Ca.); aedeagus with four sensory
itor inner plate and apodemes oflaminated pores (Aeg.S.Por.), these staggered, one pair
bridge fused forming shaft for ovipositor located within striae region, striae
(Ops.); ovipositorinnerplateneardarkened (Aeg.Dos.Str.) not reaching to second pair
area lightly plated, heavy plating ofovipos- of sensory pores; aedeagal dorsal striae of
itor inner plate begins at region forming different lengths; ventral apex of adeagus
groove in which fulcral plate apex fits; ovi- with three ventral pores (Vt.Por.) on each
positor inner plate heavy plating ends be- side, thesesmallerthandorsalsensorypores;
fore region of fused ovipositor sheath reproductive apparatus elongated length
(Ops.Sh.); ovipositor sheaths not articulat- measured from digital apodemes (Dgi.Apd.)
ed, connected to each other by ovipositor 330 to 460 microns (mean of 384 microns
ligament (Ops.Sh.Lg.); ovipositor sheath for 10 specimens); aedeagus capable ofex-
lightly sclerotized except for small region tending beyond aedeagus digiti; attached to
below ovipositor sheath ligament; ovipos- dorsal surface istheaedeagalepipygium lig-
itor sheath length ranged from 285 to 345 amentwhich controlsthedistanceaedeagus
microns for 10 specimens (Fig. 6); ovipos- can be extended from reproductive appa-
itor sheath setae (Ops.Sh.Set.) grouped to- ratus; digital apodemes protrude from cau-
getherat apex; ovipositor with typical Bru- lis dorsally; caulis, paramere plate and vol-
chophagus teeth on the shaft with a single sellarplatefused; paramereplateregionthat
median tooth followed by paired lateral contains paramere setae pigmented; caulis
teeth. center region transparent; caulis forms dor-
Male.—Length 1.4 to 2.1 mm; color sim- sal opening (Dor.Opn.Shp.) where aedeagal
ilar to female with head dark black; meso- apodemes protrude; internal penis valves
soma, pronotum, scutum, scutellum and (Pv.) extend to apex ofaedeagus.
propodeum black; antennae with scape The followingkeycan be used to separate
elongated swollen near connection to peti- B. grisselli from Bruchophagiis caraganae
ole; funicularsegmentswell-separated, each (NikoPskaya) and B. mexicanus. The latter
with sensilla and longsetaeas shown in Fig. twospeciesaretheonlyotherBruchophagus
2; 5th funicularsegment notseparated from speciesfoundinNorthAmericawithknown
club except by a transvese suture; legs sim- legume hosts other than Medicago, Thfoli-
ilar to female; maxillary palps and mandi- iim, and Lotus species.
VOLUME 93, NUMBER 3 779
Fig. 1. Female antennae ofBruchophagusgrisselli Fig. 2. Male antennae ofBruchophagusgrissellin.
n. sp. sp.
1a. Legswithorangecolorinterspersedwithbrown color, wing appears transparent; ovipositor
2 sheath length 285-345 microns
lb. Legs without orange color; legs black inter- Bruchophagusgrisselli n. sp.
spersed with light yellow; ovipositor sheath associated with Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh.
length 450-470 microns 2b. Tibia I with brown color interspersed; fore-
Bruchophaguscaraganae(Nikol'skaya) wing of female with dark setae; ovipositor
associated with Caragana arborescens Lam., sheath length 200-220 microns
C.frutescens DC, and C pygmaea DC. Bruchophagus mexicanus Ashm.
2a. TibiaIwithoutanyinterspersedbrowncolor, associated with Astragalusbisulcatus Gray,
forewing of female with setae very light in A. mollissimusTorr., and A. sp.
780 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
Malesof5. grissellicanbeseparatedfrom
males ofJ5. caraganaeand B. mexicanusby
shape ofthe dorsal opening, overlapping of
the caulis, length of the reproductive ap-
paratus, and number of striae on the ae-
deagus. Specimens ofB. caraganae and B.
mexicanus utilized for construction of the
key werecollected nearRedstone, Montana
in July, 1989 from C. arborescens and A.
bisulcatus, respectively. Specimens ofboth
speciesare housed in theSouth DakotaState
UniversityH.C. SeverinMuseumatBrook-
ings, South Dakota.
We have not seen specimens ofB. glycr-
rhizae, which has been reared from G. gla-
bra seeds in Europe. However, Dr. E. E.
Grissell examined 5 females and 5 males of
B. grisselli and determined that they were
notB.glycyrrhizae. SinceG.glabrahasbeen
introduced into North America, the sce-
nariooffi. glycrrhizaebeingintroducedwith
its European host and then infesting the
North American native G. lepidota seemed
Fig. 3. Female genitalia ofBruchophagnsgrisselli possible. In a key constructed for species of
n. sp. Bruchophagus from the European part of
Abbreviations used for female genitalia: (Lam.Br.) theUSSR,Zerova(1987)statesthatthethird
Laminatedbridge;(Semcir.Sh.Sp.)Semicircularsheath
spine;(Ra.) Ramus; (Ra.Sp.) Ramusspines;(Vf2) 2nd abdominal tergite is distinctly longer than
valvifer; (Ful.Pl.Sp.)Fulcral platespines;(Ful.Pl.Not.) the fourth in B. glycyrrhizae. The third and
Fulcral platenotch;(Ful.Pl) Fulcral plate;(Ops.Ot.Pl.) fourth abdominal tergites are subequal in
Ovipositor outer plate; (Ops.In.PI.) Ovipositor inner length in B. grisselli. We studied descrip-
plate; (8-Teg.) 8th tergite; (8th.Teg.Set.)8th tergite se- tionsintheliteratureofthedescribedNorth
tae; (Ops.Sh.Lg.) Ovipositor sheath ligament; (Ops.)
Ovipositor;(Ops.Sh.)Ovipositorsheath;(Ops.Sh.Set.) American Bruchophagus species with no
Ovipositorsheathsetae;(Ce.)Cercus;(Ep.)Epipygium. known hosts (i.e. B. borealis, B. sculptus,
Table 1. Numbers ofBruchophagus grisselli McDaniel and Boe reared from pods oiGlycyrrhiza lepidota
Pursh from North and South Dakota.
State
VOLUME NUMBER
93, 3 781
dos. str.
782 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
(Table 1). The Davison Co. site in South
Dakota produced over 60% of the total
numberofB. grisselliadults trapped in this
study. Forthose sites from which onlya few
B. grisselli adults were reared, large num-
bers of the bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides
aureolus were trapped. A. aureolus adults
were also obtained from the Davison Co.
collection but the ratio ofB. grisselli to A.
aureoluswasgreaterthan 2 to \.A. aureolus
appears to be a more significant seed pred-
ator than B. grisselli throughout the north-
em Great Plains (Boe et al. 1988), but this
study indicates B. grisselli can also have a
substantial impact on seed production ofG.
lepidota.
Acknowledgments
The authors express theirappreciation to
Dr. Robert W. Kieckheferand Robin Bort-
nem forreviewing the manuscript. Brucho-
Fig. 6. a. ovipositor sheath showing how length is phagusgrisselliMcDanieland Boeisnamed
measured,b.malereproductiveapparatusshowinghow after Dr. E. Eric Grissell, Systematic En-
length is measured. tomologist, USDA, USNM, Washington,
D.C. Dr. Grissell has provided invaluable
males, collected August 6, 1988, A. Boe; guidance and assistance in our taxonomic
North Dakota 1km north of Sherwood, and ecological studies ofthe genus Brucho-
RenvilleCo. female, male, collectedAu- phagus and other chalcids.
1 1
gust 14, 1988, LisaTrout;allspecimenswere
obtainedfromseedsofGlycyrrhizalepidota. Literature Cited
The holotype and allotype along with para- Ashmead, W. H. 1887. Studieson the North Amer-
types will be deposited with the USNM. icanChalcididae,withdescriptionsofnewspecies,
chiefly from Florida. Transactions ofthe Ameri-
Results and Discussion can Entomological Society 14: 183-203.
B. grisselli adults were reared from seeds nae.,18w8i8t.h Adesrcerviipsteidognesnoerfincetwablspeeocfietsh.eEEnutroymtoolmoi--
of G. lepidota for 6 out ofthe 8 collection gica Americana 4: 41^3.
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(approximately 100 g) for all sites, it is ev- dae) in South Dakota. Journal of Range
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VOLUME 93, NUMBER 3 783
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