Table Of ContentANNALS OF BOTANYM EMOIRS
No.2
A MONOGRAPH OF
CANTHARELLOID
FUNGI
A MONOGRAPH OF
CANTHARELLOID
FUNGI
BY
E. JC.O RHN.ER ,F .SR..F,. L.S.
ProfeosfsTo rro pical Botany
Cambridge
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1966
OxfUonridv PerresEsilyHst o,yu Lsoen,dW .oI n
GLASGOWN EW YORK TORONTOM l!LBOURNEW ELLINGTON
CAPET OWN SALISBURIYB ADANN AIROBLIU SAKAA DDISA BABA
BOMBAY CALCUTTAM ADRASK ARACHIL AHORED ACCA
KUALAL UMPURH ONG KONG
© OxfUonridv PreressiIst9 y6 6
PRINTEDI N GREATB RITAIN
AT THE UNIVERSITPYR ES,S OXFORD
BY VIVIANR IDLER
PRINTERT O THE UNIVERSITY
CONTENTS
LITS OFP LATES pagvei i
INTRODUCTION
DefinitoiofCn a ntharFeulnlgoii d 2
Piulse 3
Gill-folds 5
Basidia 9
Spores 15
Cystidia 15
Hyphae 15
AffiniotfyG enera 16
Supra-gNeanmeersi c 21
KEYT O GENEAR OFC ANTHARELLIODF UNGI
ARRHEINA
CANTHARLELULA( andP sEUDOCLJTOCYBE)
CANTHARELLUS
CARIP IA
CRATEERLLUS
DICHANTHARLELUS
GEOPETALMU 102
GLOEOCANTHARELLUS III
GOMPHUS 121
GoossENSIA
HYGROPHOROPSIS
LEPTOGLOSSUM
MYCENELLA
NYCTALIS
PSEVDOCRATERLELUS
PTERYGELLUS
RJMBACHIA 172
TROGIA 157
vi CONTENTS
GENERABLI BLIGORAPHY 245
INDXE TO GENERA,S PEICES,V ARIETI,EA SND 247
SYNONYMS
PLATES15- aten d
LIST PLATES
0 F
At end
PLATI.EA ,C anthafroerllmuossCuosm eBr,.C antharseulblcuisbC aormieurs var.
sordiCdoumse rC.a nthariaenltlhuiCsno umse rC.a nthapruedlolruCison muesr .
c, o,
PLAT2.EA ,C antharseulblcuisbC aormieuvrsa rr.ugo sivCenoimse Br,P. t erygellus
poly11WrphCuosm evra rm.i noCro metrh,ue p pefirg urxe 2s. c , Hygrophoropsis
flabellifor(mBiesre ktC. u tr.C)o meDr,.P terygealrlmuesn iaCcoumse Er,.P tery
gellpuosl ymorpChoumse rx 2,. F,T rogiao chropChoymlelar .
PLAT3E.A ,G omphruest isCpoormuesBr, .T rogihai spidCuolam evra rb.i spora
Comecr,C .r aterevlelrursu McaossusDse, Ce a.n tharheylstlCruoixsm eEr,C.a nthar
ellsuso rdiCdoumse r.
PLATE4. A ,T rogfiulav ochrCaoumae rX2, . B,T rogmiyac enoiCdeosm erx,3 .
c, 'l'rogsitar amCinoemae Dr,.T rogiac eracleioCsmo omleEr,.T rogainat hidepas
(BerektB. r .C)o mer svaatru.r CaotmieoFrr,G . , T rogaian thidepas (BerektB. r .)
CorneF yro,un gG, o ldH,.T rogimae llCeoam erx 2,.
PLATEA ,T5 r.o gpilae urdeoCst ooimeBr,.T rogsitaer eoCiodemse cr,. T rogia
rivulCoosmae rD,. T rogcyiaan eCao merE.,T rogciear acleioCs11Wo lmevra r.
bipsorCao meFr,. T rogsiau bgelatCionmoesGr,a .T rogilai laceoCgriosmeevara r.
bispoCroam eHr,T. r ogiinfuan dibulif(oBremreiktBs. r .C)o me1r,T .r oghiiasp idula
Comer.Dich antharmaelalylaunsuC so mer.
K,
INTRODUCTION
ITi sn owa gretehdat th Fer iecsliaasns iofifcb aatsiiodni oimsy cetes
artiafincdifo,art l h weo rfllodr uan,w orkIatbw laseb .a soendg ross
featwuhriemcsih c rossctouhpdaiysc sthobo ewt nhr ee soufpl atr allel
evoluatswi eolanlso fc ommhoenr itIatmg iexd.a e rtigfircaidaaenlsd
natusrearliI enis t.ps l amcoer,fue n damemnettahlao rdbese gi dne
veolpebdym icrosacnoaptioacmn ydm i crochePmriosbtahrboylw.y ,
evebre,c aoufts hele a bwohuirtc hhe mseet hiondvso nlovoten ,e -quarter
oft he wfloorrhlaadb s e esuntd iaendcd o nfirimnte hdne e cesdseat.ra yi l
Theretfohreeir,nse o altceormnparteihvceel nassisviefi cation.
Im etth is pirnso tbuldecymli anvga furnig(o1i i5 9d0. C lavaarnida
)
itasl lCilealsvi unoapnsRdisa marihopasvbisee epnu itn ttoha er tificial
FriefasmiiaClnly a varailaowcniegtas heu cghe nearsRa a marLiaac,h no
cluadmia,n Pdt erwuhliarc,eh p resednitff etnrhaertneutge ror aulpo sf
threa nokf. famoirol ryd eBru.at n ews upra-gcelnaesrsiiocfif c ation
clavafurnigcoiai ndbn eomt a dbee caiutessne t ilteiiaendost t oh aerrt ificial
famiwlhiiehcsah v neo t byeeeatnn aeldyT.sh efa ctcsam ne rebledy i s
playienmd o raed equatea rgreannegforerism ceu nbts esqyunetnhte sis.
Nowa,f tmearn yye aIro sff,ea rd ispolfca ayn thafurnegliTl.ho ei d
Frieisdieiasasn i mpTlhee.ay r teo adswtiotaohp l ieslu, bs utth elya ck
thnea rrsohwa,,gr epotrgoipolfilt csht ey pical agaroibctsu.s eT hey have
gill-wfohlidocsfh,t d einc hotaonmadin zaes toomrto hsheey ,m eniisu m
smoowtiht haot urtao cfce o mpliacsia nSt tieorne,Mui mc.ro opssictcu dy
revemaalnfusyn damednitffaelr beentcwetesheg ene nwehriahc ahvb ee en
grouapretdi fiacsCi aanltlhya realnildrta e cveeaafaa ecl,bts a rneoltyi ce
abilnce l avafurnigoTiih.di i sts h saetv efurnagpliu itn Ctaon tharellaceae
arree ducedw iatsghma arfrliultci -sdb iofreosm w hitchhae c cugrialtle
mechahnaibsse mel no st.
Thpeo ihnaltso nbge eknn own.o vetFrho rrge een erations mycologists
havbee en trasnusccfhae nrtrhianfurgne gltilot ohieidim rm edaiffiantiet y
inA gariclaealveaissan, ng u cloefuC sa ntharCealnltahlaaernsed ll us
CraterTehlluutssh,i.e d heaass p runtgh cauatpn tharelrleopirde fungi
sente xttwroe Smoemsge.e nesruaca hsC anthaarneCdllr uast earreell us
primistiimvpeallnoeydn t hwea ya,si wte rteod, e velaogpaigrniiglc l s
fromt he shmyomoetnhoi fuc ml avaarnido itdh elfuenpg;hoi otrhoeird
genesruaca hs C apriiaa ndL eptogloasrsseue mc ondsairmipallsye ,
agarliocstsih ngegi ll meTchhveai neiiwses mx .p rebsySs iendig nehr i s
classiofifAc gaatriio(c9n1a6 l2Se)es.v eorfta hlge e newrhai,Ici hn clude
heraerd,ei sposSeidna gmbeoyrns gio xrs evterni obfAe gsa riicnta hlee s
854358 B
2 INTRDOUCTION
familPioelsy poarnaTdcr eiaceh olobmuaCtta: anctehaaaern,eCd llr uast er
ellaursee x cdleudI.n the efonrtb heutstiearhsmimces ln ats,s ification
goebsye ontdhb eo nudosfu nderstwahneidneti x npge,tc hbteos t atnoi st
loofokrP oplyoruCsaripia,, PhysalaAcmrainaiR,tu as,s aunlBado, letus
int he osradmee r.
Theq uesttihoeannr,,i wsheest ahleclra nthafurneglmila oyni odbt e
degenaegraartIietic ss .aa sns umtphtaiiton,n e tvhoel uotfbi aosni dio
mycetae ssm,o ohtyhm enwiauspm r imiatnidtv heab tys ubsequent
compliucnadtaei pror no tepcitliegnugis lp,lo sr,ae nsd,si pnewse re
evolvTehdea. l liaonfCc leasv ariaadnedClp a:nhtuhsal ruasen ldo f
RamaarniGado pmhumsa by ec itaesid n staBnuctteh fasec. it ts h maatn y
poployrohiydd,n oaindad,g arigceoniehdra avb ee efonu ntdoh avdee
genesrpaetceoi rae ilsle,d genmeorroaer,l ecwsaisnt thh aorrse mlolootihd
hymeniWuhme.tn h ael lioafCn lacvea riadoeralp,shs u osm e prefer,
RamarwiiatC ha: nthlusai rsre elconsiintd heliriseg dth htie,s siusbe y
nom eacnlse (ap1r.)9 .T het ruittshh taht eirsneo a dequateof t heory
basidioemvyocleuattneid o ntc,ha enrnbeoeu t n ttihfleu ngtih teoor pfi cs
arbee tter knowonfw etshtaEenurno r pteIh.not shieem metnrsoep ical
varitehteymr,ue sb tem ancyl ubeost,ahb undaannrdta raesy, e utn
conceiIv meedn.t iDoihcna:n thlausrw eiltcha ntehlalrhoyimde nium,
sterheaobiaidgt a,r itceoxitLdu rhenla,od cuimdichopahnygdsl eose,o
ac -
cysthiydmieanli Ium me.n tCia:onnt hlaufrsulig eilneuwsh iscehe amts
sigthobt et hlei bnekt wCeaennt hlauasrn eCdlr aterAenlldIum se.n tion
Trogti,osa h otwh tahte irnseo t tyhkeent o wlfoerda mg aej ocrl assifica
tioofna nkyi nodfh omobasidiTroomghyiacaaseu tnei.qm uiec rpoiscc o
strucwthuiprcaehr ailnl egtlrhsoefo s rsmo ft hferi ut-ybC oadntharellus,
CraterLeellnutsi,Pn luestu,ur soC,u tocOymbpeah,u naMy,c enaan,d
StereIau mml .et dob elitehvtaehtc e a nthafurneglailrm oeoi scdtr itical
fort huen derstoafhn odmionbga sidiomycetes.
Asw itchl avafurnig,toi hiedr eIpfo rrees,te hcneat n thaarsae nloltohiedr
easrielcyo gnaiszsaebmlbeIl haagvehe.a di nm inpda rtictuhlea rly
tropical amnyhdca ovplero ogvikisedtyet,sdot hsep ecoifte hswe o r,l d
fara sp ossiIbfIml aejy.u dfrgoemt he interesctl aavwaarkieoniedd in
so
fung,ai notnheeeirdfus l fidl.l e
DEFINITIOONF CANTHARELLOIDF UNGI
Homobasidiowmiytpchie lteegymasnt oec,a rpaigca,r icf-rlu-ikibeto d;ifl eesshy,
putresncoeptne tr,e nnoartr ienvgi vaiftnedgre siccaSttiesomtn e.ro irfel ret ile
onlyt haaetp eHxy.m enisummo ootrfoh l dewdi trha diaotfitnanegan,s tomosing
anbdr ancohbetdu,rs ied greess,t rtiotc htseeu dr foafcte hsset eanmd p ilewuist h
ad ownwacrodm ponHeynpt.hi anefl ataicnrgo peatnaddl ilrye ctly.
Thei mporptoainantrtt esh per esoefnap c liee wuist sht eurpipleer side,
develboymp aerdg girnoawlfrt ohmt hset eamp etxh,oe b tugsieldl s-,fo l
