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A MIND OF ONE'S OWN
FEMINIST THEORY AND POLITICS
Virginia Held and Alison]aggar,
Series Editors
A Mind of One's Own:
Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity, Second Edition,
edited by Louise M. Antony and Charlotte Witt
Rediscovering Women Philosophers:
Philosophical Genre and the Boundaries of Philosophy,
Catherine Villanueva Gardner
Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory,
and International Relations,
Fiona Robinson
The Power of Feminist Theory,
Amy Allen
The Feminist Standpoint Revisited and Other Essays,
Nancy C.M. Hartsock
Feminists Rethink the Self,
edited by Diana Tietjens Meyers
Revisioning the Political:
Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory,
edited by Nancy]. Hirschmann and Christine Di Stephana
Care, Autonomy, andJ ustice: Feminism and the Ethic of Care,
Grace Clement
Second Edition
A MIND OF ONE'S OWN
Feminist Essays on
Reason and Objectivity
Edited by Louise M. Antony and Charlotte E. Witt
New York London
Feminist Theory and Politics
First published 2001 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Tqylor & Francis Group, an injorma business
Copyright ~ 2002 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-6607-4 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-7937-1 (hbk)
To Virginia Witt
c.w.
In memory of my mother, Elizabeth L. Antony
L.M.A.
CONTENTS
Preface to the Second Edition IX
Acknowledgments Xlll
Introduction XV
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
1 Feminism and Aristotle's Rational Ideal, MarciaL. Homiak 3
2 Cartesian Reason and Gendered Reason, Margaret Atherton 21
3 Hume: The Reflective Women's Epistemologist? Annette C. Baier 38
4 Could It Be Worth Thinking About Kant on Sex and Marriage?
Barbara Herman 53
5 Maleness, Metaphor, and the "Crisis" of Reason, Genevieve Lloyd 7 3
EPISTEMOLOGY
6 Essential Tensions-Phase Two: Feminist, Philosophical, and Social
Studies of Science, Helen E. Longino 93
7 Quine as Feminist: The Radical Import of Naturalized
Epistemology, Louise M. Antony 110
8 The Politics of Credibility, Karen jones 154
9 Though This Be Method, Yet There Is Madness in It:
Paranoia and Liberal Epistemology, Naomi Scheman 177
Vtt
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METAPHYSICS
10 On Being Objective and Being Objectified, Sally Has/anger 209
11 Generalizing Gender: Reason and Essence in the Legal
Thought of Catharine MacKinnon, Elizabeth Rapaport 254
12 MacKinnon's Critique of Objectivity, Rachel Zuckert 273
13 Feminist Metaphysics, Charlotte Witt 302
14 Resurrecting Embodiment: Toward a Feminist Materialism,
Robin May Schott 319
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
15 Feminist Contractarianism,Jean Hampton 337
16 Should Feminists Reject Rational Choice Theory?
Elizabeth Anderson 369
17 Rational Choice Theory and the Lessons of Feminism,
Ann E. Cudd 398
18 Minds of Their Own: Choices, Autonomy, Cultural Practices,
and Other Women, Uma Narayan 418
About the Editors and Contributors 433
Index 435
PREFACE TO
THE SECOND EDITION
When we began thinking about a second edition of A Mind of One's Own, we were
struck by the rapid development of feminist reflection on reason and objectivity over
the past decade. While we acknowledged the impossibility of providing a comprehen-
sive survey of the ways in which feminist philosophy has intersected with traditional
philosophizing during that period, we felt that we could, nonetheless, give a good in-
dication of the extent and narure of this fertile intermingling by supplementing the
volume's original contents with new chapters that reflect some of the advances of the
past decade. We were gratified by the original volume's reception, and we believe that
this new edition will remain useful for feminist theorists, as well as for philosophers
wanting to include feminist thought in their research or teaching.
The essays we have chosen for this second edition both enlarge the themes of the
original articles and take the volume in new directions. In making our selections, we
considered three points. First, we were interested in discussions that were consonant
with the volume's main focus: conceptions of reason and objectivity "credentialed"
within mainstream philosophy but contested within feminism. Second, we sought
topics that had application beyond the narrow confines of academic philosophy. Fi-
nally, we wanted to invite a new generation of feminist philosophers to reflect on the
issues treated in the first edition. Of course there are numerous topics that fit our cri-
teria, and many new voices in feminist philosophy, but we think that the papers we
have chosen especially complement and enrich the original collection.
One topic that met all our desiderata is the topic of rational choice theory. It has
a long philosophical history reaching back to the political theory of Thomas Hobbes
and the economic thought of Adam Smith, but it is also precisely the sort of theory
that many feminists have in mind when they deplore the androcentrism of philosoph-
ical theories of rationality. Moreover, it is a theory with broad implications for eco-
nomics, law, and the social sciences. The chapters by Ann Cudd and Elizabeth Ander-
son, which grew out of a marvelously cooperative and productive debate between the
two at a meeting of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association
meetings, concern the question of the androcentrism of "the rational agent" assumed
by rational choice theory. Their nuanced assessments of the value of rational choice
theory for feminism advances our understanding in several ways. Looking at the the-
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