Table Of ContentA MASTER OF SCIENCE HISTORY
Archimedes
NEWSTUDIES INTHEHISTORY ANDPHILOSOPHY OF
SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
VOLUME30
EDITOR
JEDZ.BUCHWALD,DreyfussProfessorofHistory,CaliforniaInstitute
ofTechnology,Pasadena,CA,USA.
ASSOCIATEEDITORSFORMATHEMATICSANDPHYSICALSCIENCES
JEREMYGRAY,TheFacultyofMathematicsandComputing,
TheOpenUniversity,Buckinghamshire,UK.
TILMANSAUER,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology
ASSOCIATEEDITORSFORBIOLOGICALSCIENCES
SHARONKINGSLAND,DepartmentofHistoryofScienceandTechnology,
JohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD,USA.
MANFREDLAUBICHLER,ArizonaStateUniversity
ADVISORYBOARDFORMATHEMATICS,PHYSICALSCIENCESANDTECHNOLOGY
HENKBOS,UniversityofUtrecht
MORDECHAIFEINGOLD,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology
ALLAND.FRANKLIN,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder
KOSTASGAVROGLU,NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens
PAULHOYNINGEN-HUENE,LeibnizUniversityinHannover
TREVORLEVERE,UniversityofToronto
JESPERLU¨TZEN,CopenhagenUniversity
WILLIAMNEWMAN,IndianaUniversity,Bloomington
LAWRENCEPRINCIPE,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity
JU¨RGENRENN,Max-Planck-Institutfu¨rWissenschaftsgeschichte
ALEXROLAND,DukeUniversity
ALANSHAPIRO,UniversityofMinnesota
NOELSWERDLOW,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,USA
ADVISORYBOARDFORBIOLOGY
MICHAELDIETRICH,DartmouthCollege,USA
MICHELMORANGE,CentreCavaille`s,EcoleNormaleSupe´rieure,Paris
HANS-JO¨RGRHEINBERGER,MaxPlanckInstitutefortheHistoryofScience,Berlin
NANCYSIRAISI,HunterCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYork
Archimedeshasthreefundamentalgoals;tofurthertheintegrationofthehistoriesofscienceandtechnology
withoneanother:toinvestigatethetechnical,socialandpracticalhistoriesofspecificdevelopmentsinscience
andtechnology;andfinally,wherepossibleanddesirable,tobringthehistoriesofscienceandtechnology
intoclosercontactwiththephilosophyofscience.Totheseends,eachvolumewillhaveitsownthemeand
titleandwillbeplannedbyoneormoremembersoftheAdvisoryBoardinconsultationwiththeeditor.
Althoughthevolumeshavespecificthemes,theseriesitselfwillnotbelimitedtooneoreventoafew
particularareas.Itssubjectsincludeanyofthesciences,rangingfrombiologythroughphysics,allaspectsof
technology,broadlyconstrued,aswellashistorically-engagedphilosophyofscienceortechnology.Takenas
awhole,Archimedeswillbeofinteresttohistorians,philosophers,andscientists,aswellastothosein
businessandindustrywhoseektounderstandhowscienceandindustryhavecometobesostronglylinked.
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/5644
Jed Z. Buchwald
Editor
A Master of Science History
Essays in Honor of Charles Coulston
Gillispie
1 3
Editor
Prof.Dr.JedZ.Buchwald
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology
DivisionofHumanities&SocialSciences
E.CaliforniaBlvd.1200
91125PasadenaCalifornia
USA
[email protected]
ISSN1385-0180
ISBN978-94-007-2626-0 e-ISBN978-94-007-2627-7
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-2627-7
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011944095
#SpringerScienceþBusinessMediaB.V.2012
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
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CharlesandEmilyGillispie.PhotobyIvorGrattan-Guinness
Bornin1918,CharlesGillispiegraduatedfromWesleyanUniversityin1940
and, following service during the Second World War, received his PhD from
Harvardin1949.HethereafterjoinedtheDepartmentofHistoryatPrinceton
University,whereheremaineduntilhisretirementasDayton-StocktonProfes-
sorofHistory,Emeritusin1987.Hehasbeenawardedmanyhonors,including
Princeton’sBehrmanPrizeintheHumanities(1981),thePfizerPrize(1981)and
Sarton Medal(1984)oftheHistoryofScienceSociety,laMe´dailleAlexandre
Koyre´ oftheAcade´mieInternationaled’HistoiredesSciences(1985),theDis-
tinguishedAlumnusAwardofWesleyanUniversity(1990),theDibnerAward
for Distinction in History of Science and Technology (1994), and the Balzan
Prize for History and Philosophy of Science (1997). In 2011 he received the
D.H.S.,HonorisCausa,fromPrincetonUniversity.Gillispie’sworkhasranged
widelyoverscienceandtechnologyhistory.Heisamongthefoundingmembers
ofthedisciplinewhosepublicationsandteachinghavinginfluencedgenerations
ofhistoriansandreaders.Wearehonoredtopresenttheseessaysbyhisstudents
and colleagues which were completed on August 6, 2011, the day of his 93rd
birthday.
Contents
PartI CharlesGillispie
1 PublicationsbyCharlesCoulstonGillispie..................... 3
2 AProfessionalLifeintheHistoryofScience................... 15
CharlesCoulstonGillispie
3 ACareerintheHistoryofScienceasaStudent
ofCharlesGillispie....................................... 25
SeymourH.Mauskopf
4 CharlesGillispieintheDigitalAge .......................... 37
JaneMaienscheinandManfredD.Laubichler
PartII Archaeology
5 PekingMan:NewLightonanOldDiscovery .................. 49
ToreFrängsmyr
6 ThePuzzlePictureofLucretius:AThrillerfromHerculaneum..... 63
KnutKleve
PartIII Astronomy
7 UraniaPropitia,TabulaeRudophinaefacilesredditaeaMariaCunitia
BeneficentUrania,theAdaptationoftheRudolphineTablesbyMaria
Cunitz................................................. 81
N.M.Swerdlow
8 SimplicityintheCopernicanRevolution:Galileo,Descartes,Newton 123
DavidB.Wilson
vii
viii Contents
PartIV Chemistry
9 TheWeekdayChemist:TheTrainingofAleksandrBorodin ....... 137
MichaelD.Gordin
PartV GeologyandNaturalTheology
10 TheGenesisofHistoricalResearchontheHistoryofGeology,with
ThoughtsAboutKirwan,deLuc,andWhiggery................. 167
DavidOldroyd
11 FiveDiscoursesofBibleandScience1750–2000 ................ 179
NicolaasA.Rupke
12 ‘‘NaturalTheologyofIndustry’’inSeventeenth-CenturyChina?:Ideas
AbouttheRoleofHeaveninProductionTechniquesinSongYingxing’s
Heaven’sWorkinOpeningThings(Tiangongkaiwu) ............ 197
YungSikKim
PartVI Mathematics
13 OntheRoleoftheEcolePolytechnique,1794–1914,withEspecial
ReferencetoMathematics ................................. 217
IvorGrattan-Guinness
14 TheNotionofVariationinLeibniz........................... 235
EberhardKnobloch
15 FoundingActsandMajorTurning-PointsinArabMathematics .... 253
RoshdiRashed
PartVII MedicineandHealth
16 ChemotherapybyDesign.................................. 275
JohnE.Lesch
17 AmericanHealthReformersandtheSocialSciencesintheTwentieth
Century ............................................... 297
EvanM.Melhado
18 QuantityandPolity:AsylumStatisticsandtheDriveforMedical
Evidence............................................... 327
TheodoreM.Porter
Contents ix
19 TheQuestionofEfficacyintheHistoryofMedicine............. 341
NathanSivin
PartVIII ScienceandIndustryinFrance
20 Secrecy,IndustryandScience.FrenchGlassmakingintheEighteenth
Century ............................................... 357
MarcoBeretta
21 Balloons,HydraulicMachinesandSteamEnginesatWarandPeace:
Jean-PierreCampmas,aVisionaryoranInefficientInventor? ..... 367
PatriceBret
22 Cauchy’sTheoryofDispersionAnticipatedbyFresnel............ 399
JedZ.Buchwald
23 SadiCarnotonPoliticalEconomy.Science,Morals,andPublicPolicy
inRestorationFrance..................................... 417
RobertFox
Index..................................................... 429
