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I ^ q Arthur Wilson, 1913-
„Lc, • .'xagnetic recording and analysis
of t'-e preverbel utterances of an
infant, New York, I9lf9 «
x 2A5 typewritten leaves, illusc
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sity, School of Education, 1950,.
Eiciiography: p^iolp-lobc
Ch-9500
Xerox University Microfilms, Michigan 48106
A nn A rb o r,
dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received.
A MAGNETIC RECORDING AND ANALYSIS OF THE
11
PREVERBAL UTTERANCES OF AN INFANT
:s ARTHUR W.JLMIP :
,_S .M .3 t; ;
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
\
requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in the School of Education of
New York University
1949
PLEASE NOTE:
Some pages may have
indistinct print.
Filmed as received.
University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company
Susan Carol ffapteyn
Age 3 months
PREFACE
The author wishes to express his appreciation to the many individ
uals who have worked with him in the carrying out of this research.
Foremost in offering stimulating suggestions, careful criticism
and constant encouragement has been the Comities Chairman, Or. Lou LaBrant.
Dr. John Rockwell and Dr. Alice V. Kell her, members of the Committee, have
given the finest constructive suggestions as the plan for the research
matured.
Hr. and Mrs. Arthur Kapteyn, parents of Susan Carol, the infant
studied, have put themselves to almost endless inconvenience to guarantee
the accuracy and comprehensive scope of the data samplings.
Hr. Raymond Murphy, representative of the O'Brien Sales Corporation,
provided the fine instrument on which the wlre-reoordlngs were obtained.
Hr. Ralph K. Potter, Mr. John Steinberg and Mr. Gordon Peterson, of
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., made the Sound Spectrograph available and
gave most helpful assistance and advice on the use of that instrument and the
interpretation of the Spectrograms thus obtained.
The greatest debt of all, however, is owed to Susan Carol, represent
ative in this instance of the miracle of birth and growth.
Baldwin, Hew York Arthur W. Lynip
September 15, 1949.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Topic Page
I INTRODUCTION ,............................ 1
Dearth of information on ontogeneeis
of language .......... • 1
Causes for lack of authoritative research ..... 2
Use and inadequacy of International Phonetic
Alphabet ........................... 3
Conditions to be satisfied before scientific
study is possible ........................ 5
Record cutting ssqperlmsnts 6
Values of magnetic recording instrument for
this field .......... 6
Description of Sound Spectrograph .......... 7
Value of Sound Spectrograph in this field ...... 8
II HANDBOOK OF OBSERVATIONAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
RELATED TO THE RECORDINGS OF THE UTTERANCES OF
SUSAN CAROL KAPTEYN ........................... 9
Handbook description ............... 9
Recording 1, Birthcry......................... 12
Recording 2, Early crying ................... 15
Recordings 3 and 4, Early crying ....... 17
Recording 5# "Hunger" crying............... 18
Recording 6, Crying ..... 21
Discussion on differentiation in crying......... 22
Recording 7, "Attention" crying ................ 24
Recording 8, "Hunger" crying ................... 25
Recording 9* "Attention" crying .............. 27
Recording 10* "Attention" crying 29
Recording 11, First non-crying utterance.... 30
Recording 12, Single syllable sounds ......... 31
Recording 13, Single syllable sounds ...... 33
Analysis by use of Speotrograa............... 34
Recording 14, Single syllable sounds ........... 35
Recording 15, "Hunger" and "Attention" crying .. 37
Recording 16, Deleted recording ............ 38
Recording 17, Independent single syllable sounds 39
Discussion of early utterances ................. 40
Recording 18, Early babbling ..... 42
Recording 19, Early babbling................. 43
Recording 20, Babbling ......................... 44
Recording 21, Vocalisations while playing with
mother ......••••••••••.... 45
Ir
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter Topic Page
II Reoording 22, Babbling ......... 47
Recording 23, Babbling .... 48
Recording 24, Babbling .... 49
Recording 25, Babbling .... 50
Discussion on Identification of Sounds ......... 51
Recording 26, Babbling ...... 52
Recording 27, Babbling 54
Recording 28, Babbling............... 56
Recording 29, Early imitation .................. 58
Discussion of Imitation ....... 59
Recording 30, Vocalizations while alone ........ 60
Recording 31, Imitation of mother .............. 62
Recording 32, Imitation of mother ...... 64
Reoording 33, Imitation of mother .... 65
Recording 34, Imitation of mother ...... 66
Recording 35, Imitation of mother ....... 67
Recording 36, Imitation of mother....... 68
Reoording 37, Imitation of mother ............ 69
Recording 38, Imitation of mother ........ 70
Recording 39, Imitation of mother ......... 71
Recording 40, Use of understandable words 72
III SUMMARY........................................ 73
Procedure used ...... 73
Use of Magnetic Recorder and Sound Spectrograph, 75
IV CONCLUSIONS...................... 76
Impact of this Research on previous findings ... 76
Character of infant utterances ....... 77
Nature of imitation ......... 79
V COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF RESEARCHES ON PRE-VERBAL
UTTERANCES OF INFANTS .......................... 81
Bateman, "A Child's Progress in Speech" ....... 81
Gesell, The Mental Growth of the Pre-School
Child ...................................... 83
Buhler, The First Year of Life............ 84
Shirler. The First Two Years ............ 85
Gesell, Infant Behavior............ 87
Lewis. Infant Speech ........ *..... 89
Leopold, Speech Development £f & Child 91
Irwin and Chen, Various articles ...... 93
Contribution of this Research ............ 96
VI PROJECTION ..................................... 98
Possibilities for application of findings ..... 98
Study of infant crying ..... 100
Study of one-syllable utterances ...... 101
▼
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter Topic Page
VI Study of babbling................ 101
Study of imitation ..... 101
General conclusion............ 102
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................... 104
APPENDIX........................... 107
APPENDIX II .................................... 121
APPENDIX III .......................... 123
APPENDIX IV .................................... 125
vi
ILLUSTRATIONS
Photographs
Susan Carol Kapteyn, Age 3 months Frontispiece
Susan Carol Kaptqyn, Age 10 months ....... Appendix IV
vii
