A key to species of the genus Onitis fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from china, with the description of a new species and a new record for China

2006·3.6 MB·

by  Bai Ming

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
108(2), 2006, pp. 389-395
A KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS ONITIS FABRICIUS (COLEOPTERA:
SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) FROM CHINA, WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW RECORD FOR CHINA
MING BAI, XINGKE YANG, AND YOUWEI ZHANG
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 36 box, 25 Bei SiHuanXiLu, Hai-
dian, Beijing, 100080, China, (e-mail: [email protected]); (MB) Graduate School, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100039, China. Corresponding
author: Xingke Yang (e-mail: yangxk @ioz.ac.cn)
Abstract.4The genus Onitis Fabricius in China includes 10 species, among them Onitis
brevidens, new species, and Onitis feae Felsche, a new record for China. The distinctive
characters of the new species are discussed. A key to species of Onitis from China, habitus
photographs, and illustrations of the protibiae, profemora, mesocoxae, and genitalia are
provided.
Key Words: China, Onitis, Scarabaeinae, Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera, new species
The genus Onitis (Coleoptera: Scara- In this paper, ten species of Onitis from
baeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: On- China are treated, among them Onitis brev-
itini) was established by Fabricius in 1798. idens, new species, and Onitis feae Felsche,
Scarabaeus inuus Fabricius, 1781 from the a new record for China. A key to species
Congo was selected by Fabricius as the type from China, habitus photographs, and illus-
species. In 1871, Harold regarded S. inuus trations of protibiae, profemora, mesocox-
as a synonym of Onitis sphinx (Fabricius ae, and genitalia are given.
1775). Lansberge revised Onitis in 1875,
Onitis Fabricius, 1798
and 61 world species were known at that
time. Janssens published a revision of On-
itini in 1937, and 113 species of Onitis were Onitis Fabricius 1798: 2. Type species:
described in the monograph. There are 154 Scarabaeus inuus Fabricius, 1781. Desig.
worid species of Onitis with ten species by Fabricius 1798.
currently known in China, including one
Description.4Male: Oblong in shape,
new species described here. There are 124 with legs stout and short (except proleg).
species in the Afrotropical Region, 5 spe- Head: Shape narrow. Ocular lobes united
cies in the Palaearctic Region, and 25 spe- by a carinate suture with clypeus. Clypeal
cies in the Oriental Region. margin rounded or slightly excised at mid-
The male legs usually show modifica- dle. Antenna 9-segmented, all segments
tions. Species of Onitis are tunnellers, and short except basal; club compact, with first
their nesting behavior is complex (Philips segment cup-shaped, smooth, chitinous, en-
et al. 2004). They can be collected from closing succeeding segment. Mandible
various animal dung, such as cow, elephant, oval, with long terminal fringe. Membra-
gaur, buffalo, and pig (Hanboonsong and nous lobe of maxilla broad, palpus short.
Masumoto 2000). Labium and labial palpus clothed with long
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
if |
Oe
| YY
BBY AB)
B
I)
Figs. 1-4. Onitis species. 1, O. brevidens. 2, O. excavatus. 3, O. falcatus. 4, Onitis feae. A = genitalia in
ventral view; B = genitalia in dorsal view; C = genitalia in lateral view; D = protibia and profemur; E =
mesocoxa.
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2
bristles, palpus flat, basal joint weakly di- 4 Metasternum not excavated at middle (Figs.
lated, 2nd long, 3rd minute. Pronotum: 3A=Co 12) ne Oe O. falcatus (Wulfen 1786)
5. Metasternum longitudinally grooved in front
Surface without process or excavation.
OREN OME gE REED. tack Ghb ,)otb y-b) O01) ONO neecneaE 6
Base with small prominence at middle, usu-
4 Metasternum flat, not grooved ........... 8
ally without complete margin, but with pit 6. Ventral surface entirely metallic (Figs. 6A4C,
or impression on each side near middle. Se a a as Sent O. philemon Fabricius, 1801
Scutellum: Visible but minute. Elytron: Sur- Ventral surface not metallic ............. J
7. Basal margin of pronotum straight ..........
face with simple, narrow epipleura, delim-
5 Me 3 ANS hc O. intermedius Frivaldszky, 1892
iting carina strongly marked and straight.
4 Basal margin of pronotum round (Figs. 7A4C,
Abdomen: Completely covered with a ca- iC) MR Re ecmea tsc at. chee O. spinipes (Drury 1770)
rina around sides of all segments and py- 8. Frontoclypeal carina broadly interrupted; pro-
gidum. Legs: Proleg elongate; procoxa tibia with terminal external tooth projecting in
fronti(Figs7 SACs weyeanveweocenae
prominent; protibia slender and_ strongly
O. subopacus Arrow, 1931
curved toward apex, armed with 4 external
4 Frontoclypeal carina narrowly interrupted; pro-
teeth and with | or more teeth on lower tibia with terminal external tooth tapering in
face, without articulated terminal spur, but front (Figs. 9A-C, 18)
O. virens Lansberge, 1875
with apex produced into fingerlike process;
9. Profemur and protibia with strong tooth; me-
protarsus absent. Mesocoxa long, parallel,
socoxa toothed at its posterior end (Figs. 4A4
widely separated; mesotibia with angular E13) O. feae Felsche, 1907
projection at inner edge. Pro-, meso- and 4 Profemur and protibia without or with feeble
metafemora, or. some of them, toothed at tooth; mesocoxa not toothed at its posterior end
(Figs. 1A4E, 10) O. brevidens, n. sp.
edge, or mesotrochanter spinose. Meso- and
metatarsi with progressively shortened seg-
Onitis brevidens Bai, Yang, and Zhang,
ments, basal joint more than twice as long
new species
as 2nd.
(Figs. 1A4E, 10)
Female: Head sometimes with frontal tu-
bercle or short horn. Protibia always broad, Holotype male.4Length 14.3 mm, wid-
with stronger teeth, and with articulated ter- eth 8.1 mm. Shape broadly oval, compact
minal spur. and convex. Color black, subopaque; head,
Diagnosis.4Onitis is recognized easily lower surface, and legs dark red; pygidium
by the absence of protarsi, mesotibiae short and lower surface clothed with brown setae;
and dilated, the presence of 2 basal impres- elytra bearing a fringe of similar setae on
hind margin.
sions on the pronotum, visible scutellum,
Head: Clypeus elliptical, front margin
and strong lateral carina on the elytra.
imperceptibly notched at middle, surface
finely and closely rugulose, with short,
KEY TO ADULT MALES OF ONITIS
transverse, slightly curved or angular cari-
FROM CHINA
na. Frontoclypeal region with straight,
1. Pygidium smooth, glabrous ............. 2 sharply elevated carina. Frons slightly ru-
Pygidium more or less setose
gopunctate, not shining. Vertex with short-
2. Frontoclypeal carina simple; pronotum green,
er, transverse, curved carina immediately
elytra dark yellow (Figs. SA4-C, 14) .........
before carinate posterior margin of head.
SCE on eA Onitis humerosus (Pallas 1771)
4 Frontoclypeal carina interrupted or with tuber- Pronotum: Strongly, densely punctate,
cle at middle; pronotum and elytra black ... 3 without smooth median line, but with fee-
3. Pronotum feebly punctate, punctures shallow bly indicated median groove. Base almost
ANGIVACUC) oh sksleis svete SYS e tees Ain Shc tinedeteie ce 4
completely margined; basal foveae deep
4 Pronotum distinctly punctate, punctures deep
with intervening space finely rugose,
amnG! GIA 54 concacesoaugceaaegegduen s 5
opaque, distinctly lobed in middle. Elytron:
4. Metasternum transversely excavated at middle
(Figs. 2A4C, 11) O. excavatus Arrow, 1931 Surface convex and entirely opaque except
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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:
A
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Figs. 5-9. Onitis species. 5,O . humerosus. 6, O. philemon. 7, O. spinipes. 8, O. subopacus. 9. O. virens. A
= genitalia in ventral view; B = genitalia in dorsal view; C = genitalia in lateral view
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2 o>)\ O ioe)
18
16
Figs. 10-18. Habitus photographs of Onitis species. 10, O. brevidens. 11, O. excavatus. 12, O. falcatus. 13,
Onitis feae. 14, O. humerosus. 15, O. philemon. 16, O. spinipes. 17, O. subopacus. 18, O. virens.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
at humerus. Shape parabolic; elytra 0.4 tibial apex with a long, fingerlike process,
times wider than long medially. Striae faint; and the mesocoxa is toothed at its posterior
intervals slightly carinate along middle, end.
outer ones slightly, unevenly punctate. Py- Etymology.4The name is from the Latin
gidium: Surface feebly rugulose, thinly brevis, referring to the profemur with a fee-
clothed with erect, long, reddish setae. ble tooth near the middle of its front edge.
Shape parabolic; 1.9 times wider than long
Onitis feae Felsche, 1907
medially. Metasternum: Surface with con-
(Figs. 4A4-E, 13)
spicuous granules, granules closer and finer
at front and sides, with long, erect setae; Onitis feae Feischea 1907: 293.
middle broadly grooved. Abdomen: Sur-
Material examined.4P. R. CHINA. Yun-
face setae at sides, smooth at middle. Legs:
nan: Menghai, 1 6, 1,300 m, 28 February
Profemur with feeble tooth near middle of
1957, coll. Da-Hua LIU; Jingdong, 1 @,
front edge. Protibia elongate, with tip
1,300 m, 6 March 1957, coll. Panfilov. VI-
strongly curved and produced, with finely
ETNAM. Hanoi, 4 6, 6 2, 20 m, 23 De-
serrate carina beneath, without tooth near
cember 2000, coll. Wen-Zhu LI. All speci-
base (Fig. 1D). Mesocoxa not toothed at
mens are deposited in the Institute of Zo-
posterior apex, mesotibia not excised at
ology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei-
base (Fig. 1E). Male genitalia as in
jing, P. R. China (IZAS).
Figs. 1A-C.
Distribution.4China (Yunnan), Vietnam,
Female.4Length 16.8 mm; width across
Thailand, Burma, India.
humeri 8.9 mm. Similar to male except pro-
Notes.4This is a new record for China.
femur without tooth near middle of front
The specimens were collected from cow
edge.
dung.
Variation in paratype series.4Some of
the four paratypes have a much darker el- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ytra and pronotum. Measurements: Length
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance
13.4-16.1 mm, width across humeri 7.94
of Dr. Ales Bezdek (Institute of Entomol-
8.3 mm.
ogy, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Re-
Type material.4Holotype: P. R. CHINA.
public), Dr. Giuseppe M. Carpaneto (Univ-
6, Yunnan: Menghai, 1,250 m, 24 February
ersita degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy), Dr. Bert
1957, coll. Fu-Ji PU. Paratypes: P. R. CHI-
Kohlmann (Universidad Earth, Costa Rica);
NA. 1 ¢, 1 2, Yunnan: Kaida, 1956, coll.
and Dr. Patrick Prevost (France) for obtain-
unknown; | 6, Yunnan: Jingdong, 1,200 m,
ing literature. Dr. Denis Keith (Muséum
2 March 1957, coll. Monchadsky; 1 2,
d9Histoire Naturelle et de Préhistoire,
same data as holotype. Holotype and para-
France), Dr. Andrew B. T. Smith (Canadian
types deposited in the Institute of Zoology,
Museum of Nature, Canada), Dr. Dirk Ah-
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.
rens (Deutsches Entomologisches Institut,
R. China (IZAS). Germany), Dr. Si-Qin Ge (IZAS), Dr. Li-Jie
Distribution.4China (Yunnan). Zhang (IZAS), Mr. Wen-Zhu Li (IZAS),
Diagnosis.4The new species is similar and Mr. Shu-Yong Wang (IZAS) provided
to Onitis feae but differs primarily by its useful advice. The project was supported by
smaller size, darker color, profemur and a Chinese National Science Foundation
protibia with a feeble tooth, protibial apex Grant (No. 30200025).
with a short, fingerlike process, and meso-
coxa not toothed at its posterior end. Onitis LITERATURE CITED
feae is larger, shining, the profemur and
Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum Entomologiae
protibia each with a sharp, long tooth, pro- Systematicae. Hafniae, 572 pp.
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2
Felsche, C. 1907. Coprophage Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Musée Royal d9Histoire Naturelle de Belgique
Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907: 293 11(2): 1-200, pls.142.
Hanboonsong, Y. and K. Masumoto. 2000. Dung bee- Lansberge, G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. An-
tles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand, part nales Société Entomologique Belgique 18: 14148.
2, Genus Onitis. Elytra 28(1): 101-114. Philips, T. K., E. Pretorius, and C. H. Scholtz. 2004.
Harold, E. von. 1871. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. A phylogenetic analysis of dung beetles (Scara-
Coleopterologische Hefte 7: 114. beinae: Scarabaeidae): unrolling an evolutionary
Janssens, A. 1937. Revision des Onitides. Mémoires history. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 53-88.