A key to north American species of Trioxys haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), with a summary of the geographic distribution, hosts, and species diagnostic features

2007·5.8 MB·

by  J L Fulbright

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(4), 2007, pp. 779-790
A KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF TRIOXYS HALIDAY
(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: APHIDIINAE), WITH A SUMMARY OF
THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, HOSTS, AND SPECIES
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
J. L. FuLBRiGHT, K. S. Pike, and P. Stary
(JLF, KSP) Entomologists, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture
WA
Research and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, 99350, U.S.A.
(e-mail: [email protected]); (PS) Entomologist, Institute of Entomology, Academy of
Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech
Republic
—
Abstract. A key to North American species of Trioxys (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is provided along with summary tables on geographic
origin, distribution, hosts, and diagnostic features. Accompanying the key are
illustrations of the anterior portion of the forewing (stigma, Rl and Rs veins),
propodeum, petiole, and genitalia, including the seventh metasomal sternite prongs
and ovipositor sheaths.
Key Words: Aphidiinae, aphid, key, parasitoid, Acanthocaudus, Betuloxys,
Binodoxys, Trioxys
Trioxys Haliday 1833, and other Trioxys, Smith (1944) recognized 11 spe-
genera in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: cies, and since then Trioxys has been
Braconidae), include larval endoparasi- broken into several distinct genera or
toids ofaphid nymphs and adults. There subgenera (Mackauer 1960, Mackauer
are over 70 species in Trioxys worldwide 1965, Stary and Schlinger 1967, Stary
(Smith 1944; Mackauer 1959, 1960, 1961, 1981, Stary and Remaudiere 1982, van
1965, 1967; Takada 1966, 1979; Stary Achterberg 1997, Chen and Shi 2001,
and Schlinger 1967; Stary 1969, 1976, Davidian2005). Keyshavebeendeveloped
1978, 1979; Carver and Stary 1974; Stary for individual aphidiine genera in North
and Remaudiere 1977, 1982; Stary and America, including Johnson's (1987) key
Bhagat 1978; Stary and Juchnevic 1978; to Praon Haliday, and Pike et al.'s (1999)
Marsh 1979; Stary and Marsh 1982; key to Ephedrus Haliday. Keys specific to
Gardenfors 1990; Mescheloff and Rosen certain plant-aphid associations also exist,
1993; Stary and Zuparko 1995; Pike et such as a key to the small grain aphid
al. 2000; Chen and Shi 2001; Tomanovic parasitoids (Pikeet al. 1997a). An updated
and KavaUieratos 2002; Davidian 2005; review of aphid parasitoids of the Pacific
Fulbright and Pike 2007). Northwest USA (Pike et al. 2000) brought
Few keys exist for distinguishing North together extensive information on tri-
America aphidiines, and none are compre- trophic associations and descriptions of
hensive for Trioxys. An early key by new species, including species of Trioxys,
Gahan (1911) recognized four species of but no keys were presented.
—
-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
780
Trioxys can be recognized by the USNM]; T ductus - 2 UCB (University
female's distinctive paired prongs, which of California-Berkeley), 1 Czech; T.
are extensions of the seventh metasomal betulae - 5 Czech; T. bonnevillensis —
sternite, and the petiole bearing spiracu- 156 WSU, 20 Czech; T californicus -
lar tubercles only. Four other aphidiine type UCB; T. cirsii- 1 WSU, 1 Czech; T
genera in North America, Acanthocaudus complanatus - 21 WSU, 11 Czech; T.
Smith, Betuloxys Mackauer, Binodoxys curvicaudus-20 UCB, 5 WSU, 1 1 Czech;
Mackauer, and Cristicaudus Stary and T. exareolatus~ type USNM; T gahani
Remaudiere, also possess metasomal type USNM, 2 WSU; T ibis - 2 Czech;
sternite prongs. Acanthocaudus, Bino- T. infrequens ~ type USNM; T latgei~ 6
doxys, and Cristicaudus differ in having Czech; T. mexicanus - 2 Czech; T.
secondary, as well as spiracular tuber- rnonelliopsis - 3 Czech; T. pcdlidus - 261
cles, on the petiole. Betuloxys bears only WSU, 35 Czech; T rosae - type USNM,
spiracular tubercles, but the apical por- 6 paratypes [4 WSU, 6 Czech, 2 USNM];
tions of the prongs are differentiated, T. setaceus - type USNM, paratypes (3
dilated, and bear several lanceolate, WSU, 2 Czech); T. sunnysidensis - type
perpendicular setae on the dorsal sur- USNM, 40 paratypes [WSU 26, 8
face. Acanthocaudus further differs from USNM, 6 Czech]; T. tenuicaudus - 2
Trioxys, Betuloxys, Binodoxys, and Cris- WSU, 1 Czech). Authors' collections
ticaudus in having a secondary projection were preserved in 70-95% ETOH, some
on its prongs (Stary 1981). as whole mounts on pointed or rectan-
Species within Trioxys can be distin- gular paper tabs, and some as whole and/
guished by one or more of the following or dissected mounts on glass slides.
features: propodeal areola presence or Slide mounted whole specimen prepa-
—
absence, antennal flagellomere number, ration. Parasitoids were cleared and
metasomal sternite prong shape and mounted using techniques by P. Stary,
length, prong dorsal and ventral setae and modified by G. Graf of Washington
number, prong apical bristle type and State University as follows: (1) parasitoid
number, ovipositor sheath shape, and immersed in 95% ETOH; (2) specimen
forewing stigma and Rl(=metacarpus) transferred to new test tube ofwater and
length. Information on host specificity is inverted several times; (3) water decanted
also helpful for species differentiation. and specimen placed in test tube of 10%
The North American and world distribu- KOH; (4) test tube placed in heating
tions, as well as host aphid associations block for approximately 2 minutes at
of each species, as presently recognized, 98 C (heating time varied depending on
are provided in the paper. sclerotization and state of specimen; dry
materials required more time); (5) speci-
Materials and Methods men removed from KOH, placed in test
Material examined. Trioxys species tube of water and washed and inverted
examined were from authors' field col- several times to rinse off KOH; (6)
lections and museum loans. Numbers of specimen placed in 3 drops of mounting
specimens examined and location are as medium (200 g gum arable, 550 g chloral
follows T. anieraceris - type USNM hydrate, 60 ml glycerin, and 400 ml dis-
:
(National Museum of Natural History, tilled water mixed and filtered through
Washington), 2 paratypes Czech (Czech glass wool) and positioned; (7) coverslip
Academy of Sciences, P. Stary collec- placed over specimen; (8) code number
tion); T artemisiarum - type USNM, 24 written on slide and slide allowed to dry
WSU
paratypes [19 (Washington State horizontally for2-3 weeks on slidewarm-
University-Prosser), 3 Czech and 2 er at 50°C; (9) mount sealed around
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 4 781
coverslip with glyptal, an alkyd-based 77-84 were authors' original drawings;
sealant, to prevent dehydration and crys- Fig. 50 was authors' conceptual illustra-
talhzation (Pike et al. 2003); and (10) slide tion of the propodeum based on the
fully labeled. — originaldescription (Smith 1944); Figs. 5,
Parasitoiddissection. Specimenswere 6, and 8 were redrawn after Pike et al.
sometimes dissected for better feature 1997b; Fig. 9 after Mackauer 1959;
viewing after placement in mounting Fig. 10 after Takada 1966; Figs. 11-12,
medium as follows: (1) head cut from 36 after Stary 1976; Fig. 14 after Toma-
body with antennae attached or separat- novic and Kavallieratos 2002; Figs. 15-
ed; (2) mesonotum separated from body 16 after Stary 1979; Fig. 24 after Stary
with wings attached or separated; (3) and Zuparko 1995; Figs. 53-56 after
propodeum separated from body, petiole Stary and Remaudiere 1977; Figs. 57-60
sometimes left connected to propodeum after Stary and Remaudiere 1982;
in smaller specimens; (4) hind legs sepa- Figs. 66c, 68 after Stary 1978; Figs. 69-
rated from body; (5) metasoma cut and 72 after Pike et al. 1996; and Figs. 73-76
positioned for (a) dorsal view of petiole after Pike et al. —2000.
and (b) posterior view of metasoma, Terminology. Descriptive morpholo-
including lateral view of genitalia; and gy was after Sharkey and Wharton
(6) genitalia removed from metasoma if (1997).
not protruding or visible.
Results and Discussion
Slide mounted specimen measure-
—
ments. Whole and dissected mounts A listing of aphidiine parasitoids of
were reticle measured using a compound North America can be found in Marsh
microscope at magnifications of 50- (1979). Research within the past decade
400X. — (Pike et al. 1996, 1997a, 2000) has
Dry mounted specimens. Whole supplemented the listing of taxa and
mounts were placed on pin-pointed or aphid host range information. Table 1
rectangular paper tabs. summarizes the full listing of North
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Illustrations. Line drawings of many American species of Trioxys. Host range,
specimens were based on features cap- faunal composition, and ecology of
tured with a Nikon Coolpix 990tm Trioxys parasitoids for much of North
digital camera through an Olympus America have not been explored thor-
SZX12TMdissectingmicroscopeorwitha oughly. As indicated in the introduction,
DEC13MTM digital eyepiece camera there is a lack of updated keys for many
through a Zeiss Axiolab^M compound genera of Aphidiinae, including Trioxys.
microscope. Illustrations of the wing, Table 2 outlines distinguishing charac-
propodeum, petiole, genitalia and associ- ters used in the key.
ated structures were provided for each The North American Trioxys fauna is
species. For some rare species, illustra- currently comprised of 22 species, 15
tions were drawn from the type, i.e., T. native and 7 introduced (Table 1). Mem-
californicus from the University of Cali- bers of the genus are associated with
fornia Essig Museum of Entomology, assorted groups of aphids in arborico-
and T. exareolatus, T. gahani, and T. lous, grassy riparian, sagebrush, and
infrequens from the National Museum of selected agroecosystem habitats. Eleven
Natural History, Washington, DC. Other species of Trioxys utilize aphids in
species were drawn from the type, para- Myzocallidinae and Drepanosiphinae,
type or other material, or redrawn after most of which are arboricolous (i.e.,
previously published drawings. Figs. 1^, aphids on alder, birch, crepe myrtle,
7, 13, 17-23, 25-35, 37-52, 61-66b, 67, elm, hazel, linden, maple, oak, pecan.
782 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
T. a/fieracen's „„;„„,.;,„,..,,.„,h ^j, ovipositor
prong
T.a/7e/fiis/amm
prongapex
dilatedbristles
\.
7 -.iOJAuL
prongdorsalsetae
T. ai/cfi/s
T.betu/ae
T.do/mevi7/ensis
20
prongapex
T. ca/ifomi'cus clawlikebristle
21
Figs. 1-24. Trioxysmorphological features [columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 (left to right) = wings (part only),
propodea, petioles, genitalia (includes last metasomal sternite prongand ovipositorsheath), respectively].
1^, T. ameraceris. 5-8, T. artemisiarum. 9-12, T. auctus. 13-16, T. betulae. 17-20, T. bonnevillensis. 21-
24, T. californicus.
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 4 783
T. c/rs/7
T. comp/anatus
T. cufvicaudus
T. exareo/atiis
T.ga/ia/ii
'^=^^
T. ibis
Figs. 25-48. Trioxysmorphological features[columns 1, 2, 3, and4(leftto right) = wings (part only),
propodea, petioles, genitalia (includes last metasomal stemite prong and ovipositor sheath), respectively.
25-28, T. cirsii. 29-32, T. complanatus. 33-36, T. curvicaudus. 37^0, T. exareolatus. 41-^4, T. gahani. 45-
48, T. ibis.
784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
T. infrequens
T. /a/gei
T.mex/ca/ius
T. /no/ie///ops/s
T.pa//idus
66a
66b
i 66c
Figs. 49-68. Trioxysmorphological features [columns 1. 2, 3, and4(leftto right) = wings(part only),
propodea, petioles, genitalia (includes last metasomal sternite prong and ovipositor sheath), respectively.
49-52. T. infrequens. 53-56, T. latgei. 57-60, T. mexicaniis. 61-64, T. monelliopsis. 65-68, T. pallidus.
and walnut). Trioxys compkmatus Quilis water lily aphid, Rhopalosiphum nym-
uses a myzocallidine aphid on alfalfa, phaeae (L.) and bird cherry-oat aphid, R.
viz. the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis padi (L.); T. sunnysidensis Fulbright and
thfolii (Monell) (Table 1). Nine species Pike on bird cherry-oat aphid; T. arte-
of Trioxys attack solely aphids in Aphi- misiarum Pike and Stary and T. bonne-
diinae as follows: T. auctus (Haliday) on villensis Smith on sage aphids, T. exar-
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 4 785
T. rosae
T.setaceiis
T.sunnysi'densis
T. temiicaudiis
Figs. 69-84. Trioxysmorphological features [columns 1, 2, 3, and4 (leftto right) = wings (part only),
propodea, petioles, genitalia (includes last metasomal sternite prong and ovipositor sheath), respectively.
69-72, T. rosae. 11>-16, T. setaceus. 77-80, T. sunnysidensis. 81-84, T. tenuicaudns.
eolatus Viereck and T. rosae Pike and adapted to native and/or long established
Stary on rose aphids; T. gahani Smith on introduced aphids.
blueberry aphid, Ericaphis scainmelli Parasitoid determinations should be
(Mason) and Chaetosiphon; T. latgei based on multiple factors whenever
Stary and Remaudiere on juniper aphid, possible. Parasitoids which have been
Sanbornia juniperi Pergande; and T. identified through the key should be
setaceus Pike and Stary on serviceberry checked against primary distinguishing
aphid, Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum (Wil- features (Table 2), compared to the
son) (Table 1). For two species of illustrations, and checked against the
Trioxys, T. infrequens Smith and T. host aphid and distributional records
ovalis (Provancher), the hosts are un- where available.
known. Of the Trioxys species acciden- Success in identifying parasitoids is
tally or purposely introduced into North facilitated when quality and quantity
America \T. auctus (Haliday), T. betulae material are available. Freshly reared,
Marshall, T. cirsii (Curtis), T. complana- cleared and mounted specimens are best.
tus Quilis, T. ibis Mackauer, T. pallidus One of the challenges in making deter-
(Haliday), and T. tenuicaudns Stary], minations with confidence is being able
some have become adapted or partially to see the key features. With point-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
786
Table L Trioxrs ofNorth America: origin, hosts. North American distribution.
Species Origin HostAphidsSubfamily(Genus) Reported Distribution
ameruceris Smith 1944 Nearctic Drepanosiphinae (Drepanaplns) E. Can., E. USA (Smith
1944, Marsh 1979)
WA
arteniisiariim Pike and Stary Nearctic Aphidinae [Aphis (Zyxaphis), (Pike and Stary 1997b)
1997 Microsiphoniella]
aiictus (Haliday 1833) Palearctic Aphidinae {Rhopalosiphum) E. Can. (QC)
betulae Marshall 1896 Palearctic Myzocallidinae {Calaphis, E. Can. (NB, ON, QC), NH
Clethrobius, Symydobius) (Marsh 1979)
bonnevillensis Smith 1944 Nearctic Aphidinae (sage aphids') ID, WA, UT, Mexico (Smith
1944, Stary and
Remaudiere 1982, Pike et
al. 2000)
californicus Stary and Nearctic Myzocallidinae {Eucallipterus) CA (Stary and Zuparko
Zuparko 1995 1995)
WA
cirsii (Curtis 1831) European Drepanosiphinae {Drepanosiphum) (Pike et al. 2000)
complanatus QuiWs 1931 Eurasian Myzocallidinae (Therioaphis) Can., USA (Marsh 1979,
Pike et al. 2000)
curvicaudus Mackauer 1967 Nearctic Myzocallidinae {Eucallipterus, CA (Mackauer 1967, Stary
Tuberculatus) 1978)
exareolatiis Viereck 1916 Nearctic Aphidinae (Macrosiphum) CT (Viereck 1916, Marsh
1979)
WA
galumi Smith 1944 Nearctic Aphidinae (Evicapliis, NJ, (Smith 1944, Marsh
Chaetosiphon) 1979)
ibis Mackauer 1961 European Myzocallidinae (Betulaphis) E. Can. (NB) (Mackauer
1961, Marsh 1979)
infreqiiens Smith 1944 Nearctic Unknown W. Can., CO (Marsh 1979)
ME
latgei Stary and Nearctic Aphidinae {Sanbornid) (Stary and Remaudiere
Remaudiere 1977 1977)
mexicanus Stary and Nearctic Myzocallidinae {Myzocallis) Mexico (Stary and
Remaudiere 1982 Remaudiere 1982)
monelliopsis Stary and Nearctic Myzocallidinae (Monelliopsis) GA (Stary and Marsh 1982)
Marsh 1982
ovalis (Provancher 1886) Nearctic Unknown2 E. Can. (Smith 1939, 1944,
Marsh 1979)
pallidus (Haliday 1833) Palearctic Myzocallidinae (tree aphids^) W. USA (Marsh 1979, Pike
et al. 2000)
WA
rosae Pike and Stary 1996 Nearctic Aphidinae {Macrosiphum) (Pike et al. 1996, 2000)
setaceus Pike and Stary 2000Nearctic Aphidinae {Acyrthosiphon) MT, WA (Pike et al. 2000)
WA
sunnysidensis Fulbright Nearctic Aphidinae {Rhopalosiphum) (Fulbright and Pike
and Pike 2007 2007)
WA
tenuicaudus Stary 1978 Palearctic Myzocallidinae {Eucallipterus, (Stary 1978, Pike et al.
Myzocallis, Tinoccdlis, 2000)
Tuberculatus)
1 Aphis {Zyxaphis), Artemisaphis, Epameibaphis, Elabellomicrosiphum, Microsiphoniella, Obtusicauda,
Pleotrichophorus, Pseudoepameibaphis.
~ Reared from an aphid on Helianthus sp. (Smith 1939).
3 Chromaphis, Eucallipterus, Hoplocallis, Monelliopsis, Myzocallis, Panaphis, Tinocallis, Tuberculatus.
mounted specimens on pins, it is not erly sealed and labeled, become perma-
always possible to see or see clearly all of nent holdings and are easily viewable.
the distinguishing characters used in the
key. Clearing and slide mounting repre- Key to Female Trioxys of
sentative specimens is recommended, if North America
not essential. Slide mounts, when prop- [Trioxys ovalis (Provancher) de-
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 4 787
Table2. TrioxysofNorthAmerica: Antennalsegmentno., prongdorsalsetaeno., prongapical bristle
type and no., and propodeal sculpture.
Species
788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Myzocallis on oak; Mexico) (Figs. 57- - Petiole length/width at spiracles 1.5-1.9
60) mexicanus Stary and Remaudiere (Figs. 39, 43, 75); propodeum with some
- Prongdorsal surfacewith setae; 1-3 dilated carinae (Figs. 38, 42, 74) 17
apical bristles (Figs. 4, 28) 9 17(16). Prongventral surfacewith > 12 setae
9(8). Prong dorsal surface with 2-3 setae (Fig. 76) (host, Acyrthosiphonmacrosiphum
(Fig. 4) (host, Drepanaphis on maple; east- on western serviceberry; Montana and
ern Canada, Florida, Missouri, Ohio, Washington) (Figs. 73-76)
Tennessee) (Figs. 1^) ameraceris Smith setaceus Pike and Stary
. . .
- Prong dorsal surface with 6-8 setae - Prong ventral surface with usually < 10
(Fig. 28) (host, Drepanosiphum on maple; setae (Figs. 40, 44) (host,not Acyrthosiphon
known distribution, Asia, Australia, Eur- macrosiphum) 18
ope, Washington) (Figs. 25-28) cirsii(Curtis) 18(17). Prong dorsal surface bearing 4 distal
10(2). Prongshortandstraight,withtwolong setaeapproximately twiceaslongas4basal
apical bristles (Fig. 56); petiole short, only setae; tip of Rl vein yellowish or light
slightly longer than wide (Fig. 55) (host, ferruginous (Smith 1944); stigma length
Sanbornia juniperi on juniper; Maine) about 2X Rl vein; Fl and F2 antennal
(Figs. 53-56) latgei Stary and Remaudiere segments long, 0.19 and 0.16 mm, respec-
. . .
- Not with the combination of features tively (host, rose aphid; Connecticut, rare,
above 11 described from a single specimen)
11(10). Prong dorsal surface with one pre- (Figs. 37^0) exareolatus Viereck
apical seta (Fig. 84); ovipositor sheathvery - Prongdorsal surface setaenot as above; Fl
shallowly emarginate on ventral side and F2 antennal segmentsshort, each0.11-
(Fig. 84) (host, various tree aphids - 0.12 mm (hosts, Ericaphis, Chaetosiphon;
Eucallipterus, Myzocallis, Tinocallis, Tiiber- New Jersey and Washington (Figs. 41-
)
citlatus; Australia, Europe, Russia, and 44) gahani Smith
Washington) (Figs. 81-84) tenuicaudus Stary 19(15). Propodeum entirely smooth
- Prong dorsal surface with 4 or more setae (Fig. 18), Rl vein short, < 0.25X stigma
(Fig. 80) 12 length (Fig. 17) (hosts, sage aphids- Aphis
12(11). Petiole with numerous longitudinal (Zyxaphis), Artemisaphis, Epameibaphis,
striations in proximal half (Fig. 11) (host, FlabeUomicrosiphum, Microsiphoniella, Ob-
Rhopalosiphum; Eurasia and Ontario [in- tusicauda, Pleotrichophorus, Pseudoepamei-
troduced]) (Figs. 9-12) ductus (Haliday) baphis; Idaho, Mexico, Utah, and Wash-
. . .
- Petiole without striations (Fig. 79) (host, ington (Figs. 17-20)
)
Rhopalosiphum on wheat; Washington) bonnevillensis Smith
(Figs. 77-80) - Propodeum with at least some carinae
sunnysidensis Fulbright and Pike (Figs. 30), Rl vein length variable 20
13(1). Antenna 13-segmented (host, Euccd- 20(19). Propodeum smooth except for di-
Upterus tiliae; California; species rare, de- vergent carinae in posterior declivity
scribed from a single specimen) (Figs. 21- (Fig. 70); Rl vein 0.3X stigma length
24) ccdifornicus Stary and Zuparko (Fig. 69); (host, Macrosiphum rosae on
- Antenna 11-12 segmented 14 rose; Washington (Figs. 69-72)
)
14(13). Petiole dilating from poorly promi- rosae Pike and Stary
nent spiracular tubercles to apex (Fig. 7); - Propodeum with irregular lateral carinae
antenna 12-segmented; (hosts, various (Figs. 30, 66a, 66b); Rl vein 0.4X stigma
sagebrush aphids - Aphis (Zyxaphis), Mi- length or greater (Figs 29, 65) 21
crosiphoiue/la; Washington) (Figs. 5- 21(20). [Species in couplet morphologically
8) artemisiarum Pike and Stary similar - check for a match with correct
- Petiole spiracles on prominently visible host] Ovipositorsheath ventral marginwith
tubercles (Fig. 51) antenna usually 11- 5-7 setae excluding apical setae (Fig. 68)
segmented; 15 (hosts, various tree aphids - Chromaphis,
15(14). Prong dorsal surface with 6-8 setae Eucallipterus, Hoplocallis, Monellia, Monel-
(Fig. 52) 16 liopsis, Myzocallis, Tuberculatum, Tinocallis,
- Prong dorsal surface with 2-5 setae Panaphis; California, Oregon, Washington
(Fig. 20) 19 (Figs. 65-68) .... pallidus(Haliday) (in part)
16(15). Petiole length/width at spiracles > 2 - Ovipositor sheath ventral margin with 3-A
(Figs. 51); propodeum smooth (host, un- setaeexcludingapical setae(Fig. 32)(hosts,
known; Colorado, western Canada) Therioaphis-NorthAmerica;, Pterocallis-
(Figs. 49-52) infrecpiens Smith Eurasia) (Figs. 29-32) compkmatus Quilis
. .