Table Of ContentA grammoafLr i milngan
Al angoutfah gMeea ryR ivreerg ion
NortTheerrnr itory
Australia
Harvey, M. A grammar of Limilngan: A language of the Mary River Region, Northern Territory, Australia.
PL-516, xii + 209 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2001. DOI:10.15144/PL-516.cover
©2001 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.
AlsionP aciLfiincg uistics
DaviRdo se2,0 01T,he W esteDrne serta ncA oudset:r carylpitaronamg mar.
JanSei mpsoDna,v iNda shM,a ryL aughrPeent,e Aru stainnd B arrAyl pheerd,s 2,0 01F,o rty
yearsK eonHn a:l aen Adu satlrilaann guages.
HeathBeorw ea ndS tephMeonr ey1,9 99T,h eYo rta (YBoarnrtganaeg l )a nguoaftg hee
MurrGaoyu lbiunrnc luYdabiunlYgaa b ula.
LoiCsa rringatnodGn e raldTirnief f1i9t99,O, Z BIaB :l inguisatpihcoyf A bbioibrgliinoaglr
Ausatlraiant dh Teor reSst rIasilta nds.
L.AH.e rcu1s9,9 9A, g rammoaftr h Weira nglua ngfuroamg et whees t ocfSo aohsu tt
Australia.
RacheNlo rdlin1g9e9r8,A, g rammoafWram bayNao,tr heTrner rit(oAurys tralia).
JeaKni rtaonnd C harlBieel l1a9,9 6F,u rtahsepre ocftt hse mgarroafm Yanyuwnao,r thern
Autsralia.
AnnaS hnuka1l9,8 8B,r okaenn :i ntrotdotu hCcert eioollnae n guoafT gorer eSst rait.
PacifLiicn guisitisac sp ublisshpeerc ialiisnig nrga mmarasn dl inguisdteiscc riptions,
dictionaarnidoe tsh emra terioanl lsa nguagoefts h eP aciftihce,P hilippiInnedso,n esia,
SoutheaansdtS outAhs iaa,n dA ustralia.
PacifLiicn guisteisctsa,b liisnh1 e9d6 3t hrouagnhi nitgiraaln ftr omt heH unteDro uglas
Fundi,sa ssociawtietdth h eR esearScchh ooolfP acifaincdA siaSnt udiaetTs h eA ustralian
NationUanli versiTthyeE. d itorBioaalr odf P acifLiicn guisitsmi acdse u po ft hea cademic
staoffft heS choolD'esp artmoefnL ti nguistics. Tahnede daiuttoohrfoPs ra sc ifLiicn guistics
publicatairoedn rsa wfnr oma wider angoef i nstituatrioounntsdh ew orldP.u blicatairoen s
referebeyds cholawrist hr elevaenxtp ertwihsoe a reu sualnloytm emberosf t hee ditorial
board.
The4 70p ublicatbieofnosPr ueb lica5t0i1ow ne rneu mberiendf ousre riAe,sB ,, C andD ,b ut
thes eriweesr em ergefdr omt heb eginnionftg h ey ea2r0 00b ecautshee r ationfaolrte h em
hadg raduadlilsya ppeared.
FOUNDING EDITOR:S tephAe.nW urm
EDITORIABLO ARD: MalcolDm. Rossa ndD arreTl.l T ryon( ManagiEndgi tors),
IW ayanA rkaJ,o hBno wdenA,n drePwa wlePya,u Sli dwell.
PacifLiicn guis5t1i6c s
A grammoafLr i milngan
A languoafgt eh Mea ryR iverre gion
NortheTrenr ritory
Australia
MarkH arvey
PaciLfiicn guistics
ResearScchh ooolfP acifiacn dA siaSnt udies
TheA ustralNiaatino naUln iversity
Canberra
PublisbhyeP da cifLiicn guistics
ResearScchh ooolfP acifaincdA siaSnt udies
TheA ustralNiaatni onUanli versity
CanberArCaT 0200
Australia
Copyri©gh Tth ea uthor
Firpsutb lis2h0e0d1
NationLailb raorfAy u straClaitaa loguing-in-Publication entry:
HarveMya,r k.
A grammaorfL imilngaal na:n guaogfte h eMa ryR iveRre gion,
NortheTrne rritAoursyt,r alia
Bibliography.
ISBN0 8588436 18 .
1.L imilnglaann guag2e.L. i milnglaann gua-gGer ammar.
3.A ustralliaanng ua-gNeosr theTrne rrit-oMrayr yR iver
Region4..A ustralliaanng ua-gNeosr theTrne rrit-ory
MaryR iveRre gio-nG rammar.
I.T heA ustralNiaatni onUanli versity.
Research SocfPh aocoilf aincdA siaSnt udies.
II.Ti tl(eP aciLfiincg uistics)
499.15099429
CopyedibtyeP da uSli dwell
TypesbeytM argaret Forster
Printaenddb ounbdy U nioOnf fsPerti nters, Canberra
Tabolfce o enntts
Liosftt abalnefidsg ures lX
Acknowledgements x
Abbreviations xi
Map1 :L imilanngndae ni ghibnolgua rnguages xii
1. Thel anguaangde s iptesa kers 1
1.1 Historbiaccaklg round 1
1.2 Linguitsytpiec 1
1.3 Languangaem es 2
1.4 Territnoeriyg,h boaunrdrs e lationships 3
1.5 Consultaanndts so urces 10
2. Phonology 11
2.1 Consonanpthaoln emaensd t heriera lisations 11
2.1.1S tops 11
2.1.2R etroflexion 14
2.1.3W ord-iniatlitaelrn atbieotnwse /ejn/ /adn/d 15
2.1.4L enitiooftn h ev elars 15
2.1.5T hep alatlaatle ral 17
2.1.6S equencoefts h ael veolar lastteorpa l and 18
2.1.7R ealisatoifto hnels a bial continuant 20
2.1.8R ealisatoifto hneps a latcaolnt inuant 21
2.1.9S econdapralya talisation 22
2.2 Voweplh onemaensd t heriera lisations 23
2.3 Phonotactics 24
2.4 Root-leavnedwl o rd-lemvoerlp hology 27
2.5 Reduplication 28
2.6 Stress 31
2.6.1S trepslsa cemeinnut n inflewcotredds 32
v
vi
2.6.S2t repslsa cemeinnw to rdisn volvoinnlgry o ot-lienvfelle ction 35
2.6.S3t repslsa cemeinnwt o rdisn volvwionrgd -lesvuefilfx ation 38
2.6.S4t repslsa cemiennw to rdisn volvcionmgp oundoirnr ge duplicatio3n9
2.7 Syllasbtlreu ctures 40
2.8 Theh istorpihcoanlo loogfLy i milngan 41
2.8.L1e nition 41
2.8.V2o welsh ift 41
3.N ominals 44
3.1 Partosfs peech 44
3.2 Then ounc lasssy stem 44
3.2.V1a riatiinao gnr eemecnlta ssing 46
3.3 Thes tructoufnr oem inlaelxemes 49
3.3.N1u mber-bassteedvm a riation 50
3.4 Pronouns 51
3.5 Kinn ounasn d kintsehrimpi nology 54
3.6 Demonstratives 59
3.6.T1h ed eifnidteem onstratives 60
3.6.T2h ei nterrogative demonstratives 61
3.6.I3n defirneifteer ence 63
3.7 Adjectives 64
3.8 Bodyp arnto uns 66
3.9 Temporals 68
3.10R oot-lenvoemli nsaulfi fxes 69
3.10A.n1o th-eri ni 69
3.10C.h2a racte-rinsgtaicn 70
3.11N ominawlo rd-lesvuefilfx atiaonndp hrascaolm pounding 71
3.11O.b1l iq=ueb nugan 71
3.11L.o2c ati=valek gmai 72
3.11S.o3u rc=eu alng 75
3.11C.o4m itat=inivye an 76
3.11P.r5i vatbi/vmde/- jaan 77
3.11P.r6o mine=ncjei 78
3.11C.o7n tras=tjiivyea k 79
VB
4.V erbs 80
4.1 Thev erbal complex 80
4.2 Verbr oots 81
4.2.V1e rbr ooatb laut 82
4.3 Thep refcioxm plex 83
4.3.T1h es ubjencutm beprr efix 86
4.3.T2h ei rreaplriesf ix 87
4.3.T3h ef utuprree fix 88
4.3.T4h ei mperfecrteidvuep licparteifviex 88
4.3.C5r oss-reference 89
4.3.N6u mbemra rkianngd a greement 90
4.4 Tensaes,p eacntd m oodc ategories 92
4.4.T1h ep aspte rfecatnidv et phaesi tm perfective 92
4.4.T2h ep resent 93
4.4.T3h ei rreatleinss es 94
4.5 Verbanle gation 97
4.6 Verbaslu ffixation 98
4.6.H1e re- iji 98
4.6.D2u rati=vwea ny 99
4.6.D3e limi=temdri l 100
5.S yntax 102
5.1 Proposictliaosnsa ensdc lautsyep es 102
5.2 Crosrse fereanncdte r ansitivity 102
5.3 Part-whroellea tions 105
5.4 Detratnvisis ia otni 106
5.5 Phrasal ivnecrhbosa,t iavndec sa,u satives 108
5.6 Then ounp hrase 112
5.7 Ascripteiqvuea,t ioenxails,t enatnidpa ols sesspirvoep ositions 113
5.8 Interclraeulsaatli ons 115
5.9 Grammatircealla tions 116
AppendAi:Tx ex ts 117
117
Textosn t hea ctiviatnidje osu rneyofsc reatbievien gs
Tex1t : Oldm anW anyjuwanyjaunwdha i csh ildren 118
Tex2t : Them ermaisdi st(evresr sai)o n 120
viii
Tex3t : The mennasiids t(evresr sbi)o n 122
Tex4t : Them ennaids ist(evresr sci)o n 125
Autobiograptheixctasl 132
Tex5t : Workingo nK oolpin(yaachc ouan)t 132
Tex6t : WorkinagtK oolpin(yaachc oubn)t 135
Tex7t : Theb ombinogfD arwin 138
Tex8t : WorkinagtL innguli (HDuomoSp ttayt ion) 144
Tex9t : WorkinignK ununurarnadD arwin 146
Tex1t 0:Th e1 960s-1983 149
AppendBi:Vx o cbaulary 155
Limilngan-Ennogmliinsahl s 155
English-Limniolmnignaanbl yss emantfiice lds 168
ApepndCi:xV erpba radigms 174
AppenDd:iV xer baclop mlepxa radigms 181
Rfeerences 208
Talbeasn fdgi ures
Tables
Table 1P.o1t:e ntLiiamli lngraenf leoxfeP sA v errbo ots 4
Tabl1e. 2:N ortheprnr oto-proannoduL nism ilngparnef ixes 4
Tabl2e. 1:C onsonapnhto nemes 11
Tabl2e. 2:S tolpe ngmteha sureme(nitmnss ) 12
Tabl2e. 3P:h onotactics 25
Tabl3e. 1T:h eL imilngnaonu nc lasssy stem 45
Tabl3e. 2B:a se propnaoruand igm 52
Tabl3e. 3:= njian'ial osnee,lP fr'o nopuanr adigm 52
Tabl3e. 4P:o ssesspirvoen opuanr adigm 53
Tabl3e. 5P:r edicaptoisvsee sspirvoen opuanr adigm 53
Tabl3e. 6:Th ed emonstraptairvaed igms 59
Tabl3e. 7A:d jectipvraelf ixes 65
Tabl3e. 8:B odyp arptr efixes 66
Tabl4e. 1:P otentaiuaxli lipaarrya digms 82
Tabl4e. 2I:n transpirteifvpieax r adigms 84
Tabl4e. 3T:r ansiptrievfepi axr adigwmista h3 rdp ersoonb ject 84
Table 4T.r4a:n siptrievfepi axr adigwmista h3 rdp ersosunb ject 85
Figrues
Figu3r.e1 L imilngkainn shtiepr minol(omgayns peaking) 57
Figu3r.e2 L imilngkainn shtiepr minol(owgoym asnp eaking) 58
ix
Acknloewdmgeents
Firsatnd f oremoIsw to,u lldi kteo t hanFke liHxo lmes, wiwthhoomut th igsr ammawro uld
noth aveb een possHieb glaev.e a greadte aolf t imet owartdhsi psr ojemcutc,h o fi ts pent
laborioruesclhye ckmiantge ritahlahste h ada lreapdryo videEds.p ecitahla nkmsu sta lsgoo t o
Lena Henry.p roSvhiedm eudc ha ssistapnacret,i cuwliatrthlh yei dentifiocfaa tniiomnaa ln d
plannta mesk,i nshtiepr minolaongdy ,w iitnht erpreotaftt eixotnu maalt eriaSlhse.a, n dh er
familEyi,l eeWni,l lia(md ecS)a,m sona,n dI renhea,v e mamdee w elcomoev etrh ey earasn,d
theicro ntributtioov nasr iofuise ldtrips and mofrieeg lednweorrakhl alyv eb eenm uch
appreciated.
Fora ssistawnictehw orki na nda rounDda rwinI, w ouldl ikees peciatlotl hya nDka vid
Ritchainedo thesrt aaftft heA borigiAnraela Psr otectAiuotnh oriTthye.A uthorsiutpyp orted
mucho ft hef ieldwoonrw kh icthh igsr ammairsb asedT.h es taaflfs por ovidaec do nvivpilaalc e
tob ea,n dh elpewdi tthh ed evelopmoefan nta lyisnem sa nyd iscussiDoanvsi.Rd i tchpireo vided
them aterioanlF se lisx l'ifhei stowrhyi,c ahp peairnt his grambmaasreo,dn w orko fh iso wn
withF elixH.e alspor ovidmeodr eg eneral infoornmt ahtehi iosnt oorfys tatiloinfo en a nd
arounKdo olpinyah.
DonnaJ acksoGnl,e nW ightmaann,d L orraiWniel liawmesr ee ssential ipnat rhtewn oerrks
oni dentifpyliannagtn da nimaslp ecieTsh.e ya lspor ovidaesds istawnicteoh t hears pecotfs
fieldwfoorrwk h icIha m vergyr atefMuyl f.i eldwwoarska lssou pporbtyegd r anftrso mt he
AustralIinasnt iotfuA tbeo rigiannadTl o rreSst raIistl anSdteurd iaensd t heA ustralNiaatnu re
ConservaAtgieonnc y.
InD arwiJne,n nNyo rrhiass a,s a lwaybse,e nth em ainstoafsy u ppoarntda ssistaInw coeu.l d
alsloi kteot hanCka rin&a S aktBhria akensJiaenkDe,a rvaDliIn,o H odgeC,h risMsiilel owick,
JanS chneidaenrdM, i ssR ickfio arc commodation, farnidem nadnsygh oiopdt, i mesT.h eyw ere
aJolf i nestimable tsotu hpigpsro armtm ar.
Forc ommentosn v ariodursa ftIws o,u ldl ikteo t hanBka rrByl akeB,o bD ixona,n d Nick
Evans.D iscussiwointshT oniB orowskayn dB retBta kewre rea lsoof g reaats sistainnc e
clarifmyainnygi ssueIsw .o ulldi kteo t hanLke eB rowna ndN ickR eimefro rt horoughgoing
worki np repartihnegA ppendices. tShpaenckmisua slt g ot oA nneR obothafmo rh erv ery
carefaunldi ntenseidviet owroirakli np repartihniggsr ammar.
x
