A Geographic Summary of Chromosome Number Reports for North American Asters and Goldenrods (Asteraceae: Astereae)

15 Pages·1992·9.5 MB·

by  John C Semple

SUMMARY
GEOGRAPHIC OF
A
John Sempie
c.
CHROMOSOME NUMBER
NORTH
REPORTS FOR
AMERICAN
ASTERS
AND GOLDENRODS
(ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE)^
Abstract
A
microcomputer system that facilitates record keeping of text-based nomenclatural and cytotaxonomic files
is
described. The system was used to maintain records on asters and goldenrods. More than 4,800 chromosome number
reports for asters (Aster, Virgulastery Virgulus) and over 2,000 reports for goldenrods {Solidago excluding Euthamia)
were analyzed. By far the greatest number of chromosome number reports (2,110) were for Ontario, Canada. The
numbers of counts for each taxon (species, subspecies, or variety) for each province or territory in Canada and state
in the United States and for of Mexico were determined. The total number of chromosome number reports and
all
estimated numbers of taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties) of asters and of goldenrods by province, territory, and
state were compared and are presented graphically. Both asters and goldenrods achieve their greatest morphological
diversity in the eastern United peaking North Carolina. The numbers of counts for asters and goldenrods
States, in
m
=
each area were 0.70 excluding Ontario; 0.97 including Ontario) as were the
highly correlated
fairly (r
=
numbers of taxa counted including Ontario 0.73), but the percentages of taxa counted per area were not strongly
(r
=
86%
correlated (r 0.49). Asters show more diversity in western North America than goldenrods, and of the areas
had more
aster than goldenrod
taxa.
My
work on members Astereae estimated
various of the
Walter to include about 90 species and more than 140
and Canada,
Walter subspecies varieties in the United
Chromosome
and Mexico. numbers have
inspiration are acknowledged, and this States,
gratefully
him been reported for most of these taxa (see Sempie
1984, and additional references cited below);
et
al.,
=
taxa have a chromosomal base rmmber of x
all
common
Asters and common many Polyploidy in both asters and gold-
goldenrods are in 9. is
More
babitats throughout most North America north enrods. than 6,900 indivlJuaJ cljromusome
of
of Mexico. Aster {Aster of Jones, number reports exist for Aster sens. lat. and Sol-
L. sens,
lat,
1980a; Aster, Virgulus (synonym: Lasallea) idago in North America alone. In order to keep
Raf.
&
and and have
Virgulaster Sempie of Sempie Brouillet, track of these reports to conveni^-nt ac-
system microcomputer
1980a, and Sempie 1989) are estimated to cess to the data, a of hard-
et al.,
include about 145 and more than 225 ware an d cribed
species
Some
geographic
generalizations about
subspecies and Canada, the United below.
varieties in
numfxT
chromosome reports for asters and gold-
States, and Numerous
Mexico.
America were
North arrived using
ported chromosome numbers many of these enrods in at the
for
& presented below
taxa Sempie 1980b, and addi-
(see
Brouillet,
below)
& Methods
AND
MATERIALS
and (Sempie
9, 8, 7 occur Aster sens. str.
in
=
and 13
Brouillet, 1980a); base numbers of 21
jc HARDWARE
occur numbe
in Vir^ulaslen and base 9, W
"m
'
and includes
5, 4 occur Virgulus. Aster sens. lat.
in
MHz
computer (8/25
25 personal clock speed)
numbers
and Fnginccring
Sciences
This research was supported by a Natural
^JJ^i^^,^";!"^^
Biology iiversity
Carh. 95-109.
Rot. 79: 1902.
Missouri
Ann.
96 Annals
of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
V
with a 387/25 math coprocessor, eight megabytes (TRIBCNTS-3 [= puWished by Semple
et
of memory, a 100 megabyte hard drive (15 msec. al., 1989], to sp. [= published to species
VGA
access time), and a Zenith color monitor. level only, subspecies identification not
de-
(Waitronics Ltd. (Waterloo, Ontario N2J 2Y9, termined at the time of publication])
Canada) is one of a number of local companies LA. glaucode^ 2n=9II US WY.
2. Albany
NW
(IBM
assembling microcomputers
clones) that are Co.: Snowy Range, 3 mi of Centennial,
sold at reduced prices to the University of Waterloo
LHartman
3045-1 (RM)
(Hartman'77)
for research purposes.)
I
La.
3. pilosus-J var. Lpilo.-I [epithets sometimes
US
2n=32
abbreviated] AL. Cleburne-Cal-
SOFTWARE
&
LS
houn SE
count of Anniston, Ch
line;
software used and &
All to tabulate analyze the
6305-1 [= Semple
Chmie-
collectors,
chromosome
count data were widely com-
available
lewskQ (PILOGEO-2 [=
published by Sem-
prod &
Chmielewsk 985]
ple as var.
i
I
1
DESQview
(Q
Lpriceae-I: corrected
terdeck Office Systems, Santa Monica,
California
[= Semple 1989
noted that the
et col-
al.
90405, memory
U.S.A.). This management
pro-
lection on which the 1985 report was based
gram
allows the user run more than one program
to
was
reidentified as var. pilosus~\)
a time and
at to transfer screen data from one
2n=18 US
4. LSol. rigida-l ssp. Lglabrata-I cf.
program
another
to regardless of the compatibility
TN. LJRB
[=
Coffee Co.: Manchester, //?.
of the individual programs. For example, a personal
&
Beaudry] DeSebn 57-472-1
(Beaudry'63,
runnm
the background, while word processing and data as LSol. jacksonii-l var. Lhum.-' [= var.
entries are being performed two synonym
in additional pro-
grams.
ssp bratal) location
Raw
data were entered askSam un
into using
files
Version 4.1b (Access Stored Knowledge Sym- geography map on because
via species identifi-
bolic Access Method; askSam Systems, 1989). Each cation was uncertain time record was add-
at
was
report entered as ASCII ed
text without to
field file]
designation
in the following order: taxon
(binomial 5. LSol. simplex-l Lrandii-J var.
ssp
and
subspecies or variety
if appropriate); chro- CDN
Lmonticola-1 2n=36 PQ. Megantic Co.:
mosome
number
reported
in standardized format
&
LjRB
Black Lake, [= Beaudry] Cinq-
J,R.
"2n=9ir' "2n=18"
or
(e.g.,
differentiating mei-
&
Mars 56-433-1 as
(Beaudry Chabot'59,
from
otic mitotic reports); country "CDN,
(e.g.,
LS.
R&S'87, LS. ran.-"
US, MEXICO''); randii-l; as glut,
province,
territory, or
state (post-
code var. Lran.-I [= Solidago gludnosa subsp.
abbreviation,
al e.g., *'0N"); county,
regional
synonym of
municipality, parish, or district "Waterloo randii var. randii, which is a
(e.g.,
Reg.Mun."); simplex
details of location data "Hwy-7 S. var. monticola])
(e.g.,
W
km
"L"
4 of Kitchener- rdside Hitrh"V f-olUr-t/^^ o^^ The symbols and "-P' (keyboard characters
number;
collection location of voucher(s) ah- 192 and ah-2 were inserted to
not 17, respectively)
if
WAT;
abbreviated publication data including any replace non-ASCII printer codes indicating that the
synonym
used "Anderson enclosed These con-
(e.g., et al.'74, as A. word(s) should be
h., italicized.
n=32 ?^
as in the original publication the report veniently allow specific letters or words to be con-
was listed as n 32 under the name Aster verted to when between askSam
hes- italics shifting text
perius), and any and used
miscellaneous comments WordPerfect, The two symbols can be
(e.g.,
observations about vouchers or a summary(ies) as query characters searching data bases.
of in
published comments about Any can be
the count or voucher, of the mformation a data
in file
such
as corrected The askSam,
identifications). retrieved using Query
following are the subroutine in
examples
of report and any any
entries (in quotes and exactly individual report can be edited at
as entered) with explanatory comments in brackets time. The Query subroutine can be used to
also
[=1 added
here but not included the datp obtain a designated
in tally of the reports containing
filf^- I
1
search
{PRINT}'')
'*LA. lanceolatu^
fields (e.g.,
L
LA.alpigenusJssp.LaIpigenu^2n=36US
'^A.
Boulean
searches can made
be
also (e.g.,
Mono
GA.
Co.: Tioga E
Pass, 0,25 mi
48
of lanceolatu^ {AND} 2n
Uanceolatu^
var.
&
LS
Yosemite Natn Pk, Hd {NOT} CDN ON
8688-1 data
Any
{TAL}"). of the
or
all
?
Volume Number
79,
Semple
1
97
1992
Chromosome
Number
Reports
for
Asters and Goldenrods
&
can be transferred directly or indirectly to a word- 1977; Jones, 1978; Powell Powell, 1978; Dawe
&
&
Wordperfe Murray,
1979; Morton, 1979;
Kail Pinkava,
Wordpe &
version feet Corp., Orem, Utah 1979; Pringle, 1979; Dawe Murray,
1980;
84057, U.S.A.) using either a subroutine askSam Weed
in
&
&
by saving the results of a Query operation as a Semple, 1981; Dawe Murray, 1981; &
Keil
new ASCII &
by
text or using the screen capture Pinkava, 98 Harriman, 98 Sem-
file Parfitt
1
1
1 ;
1 ;
DESQ
&
pie, 1981; Semple 1981; Kapoor
et Gervais,
al.,
&
Wordperfe 1982; Love L6ve, 1982a, Semple, 1982;
b;
&
convenience Semple
It is this in searching and ex- Brammall, 1982; 1983;
files Brouillet,
& &
changing
information between data base programs Chmielewski Semple, 1983; Dean Chambers,
and
word-processing makes
files that the system 1983; Hill, 1983; Sherif et 1983; Semple
al., et
being discussed useful for systematists. 1983a, Strother, 1983; Ward, 1983; Wind-
al., b;
&
number ham
Totals for the of reports for each taxon Schaack, 1983; Allen, 1984; 1984;
Hill,
Q
Jones, 1983; Morton, 1984; Mulligan, 1984; San-
entered
into a matrix (taxon by political region) derson et 1984; Semple, 1984; 1985;
al., Allen,
&
&
Houle
Brouillet, 1985; Chmielewski Semple,
Q^
&
(Borland
International, Scotts Valley, California 1985a, b; Semple, 1985; Semple Chmielewski,
95066, The number
U.S.A.). total of counts for 1985; Chmielewski, 1986; Sundberg, 1986; Sund-
number Ward
&
&
region
(country; province, territory, or state), the Brouillet Labrecque, 1987; Chinnappa
number
of taxa and the number of counted and Chmielewski, 1987; Chmie-
uncounted &
lewski 1987; Lamboy, 1987;
et Ringius
al.,
&
grand
total for all count reports were calculated Semple, 1987; Semple Chmielewski, 1987; Va-
&
as part of the matrix of 28,890 data The hidy 1987; Heard Semple, 1988; Lam-
fields. et al.,
&
Q boy, 1988; Semple, 1988; Campbell Medley,
was &
facilitated using the Video and Switch options 1989; Legault 1989; Nesom, 1989
Brouillet,
DESQ &
Semple 1989; Brammall Semple, 1990
et
al.,
&
Q Chmielewski Semple, 1990; Semple 990
et
al., 1
A &
taneously.
compiler program could not be used Semple Chmielewski, 1991). These data were
with askSam,
name
entered under the taxon used the source
in
Also frequently consulted were askSam on publication unless the name was known to be a
files
synonym name
oximate for another included the data
in
345
kilobytes (Kb) and 200 Kb, respectively) and The on asters had 4,884 records and was
files. file
a Kb
literature file. These were necessary for chro- about 553 in size at the time of writing, and
under the goldenrods had 2,099 records (including
file
synonyms.
Each nomenclature includes ASCII non-North American reports) and was about 257
file
text data on some
basionyms, synonyms, types, phylo- Kb, In cases, corrections found in later pub-
genetic
were
relationships, excluded taxa, and miscel- lications incorporated into the original data
laneous
comments. The
base record. vouchers for the majority of the
my
reports not published by laboratory were not
seen as part of this study. Therefore, the data base
DATA
BASE
may have some due
biases to misidentificatlons.
t'ata on chromosome number were no vouchers are known some and
reports ob- Also, for reports,
tamed
from the literature and nearly 600 unpub- the original identifications had to be accepted on
lished
reports from on com- or the reports rejected as unconfirmable.
studies certain species faith
piexes my
being chromosome
investigated by laboratory. Data For certain taxa, a corrected count
^ere
taken from 121 publications (see references and a comment noting this adjustment were in-
m
&
Semple
1980b and Semple eluded the data record. For example, prior
Brouillet, et al., in file
iyo4;
&
and members
Morinaga Fukashima, 1931; Hig- 1978 reports for of Aster sect.
to all
&
*^^tham,
1936; Smith, 1965; Johnson Packer, Dumosi subsect. Heterophylli were published re-
&
1968;
Packer, 1968; Mulligan Cody, 1971; an assumed chromosomal base number of
fleeting
=
Kapoor,
1972; Mulligan 1972; Andreasen Jones (1978) demonstrated that the chro-
et aL, 9,
jc
&
Eshbaugh, number
1973; Witherspoon 1974; mosomal base for subsect. //f'/r/-o/>/zj//i
et al., is
=
&
& =
Keil
Stuessy, 1975; KeU Pinkava, 1976; x Therefore, older published counts of a
8.
&
Hartman,
"2n=8II
1977; Kapoor, 1977; Keil Pinkava, 9 were entered as cf." in the data matrix.
98
Annals
of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
n=9" No
with "as appended to the publication data. count reports were included in the data
files
These corrections did not affect the summaries for goldenrods from Prince Edward Island. Only
30
presented in this paper, but could influence other reports for asters and six for goldenrods from
manipulations of the matrix* Mexico were entered into the
files.
In other cases, an "unusual" chromosome num- Tentative estimates were made of the num-
total
down
ber report for a taxa was entered as published, ber of taxa to varietal level for each province
comment
with a that further investigation re- and territory in Canada, each state in the United
is
By
quired. "unusual" I mean, for example, the States, and for Mexico (Table These are pre-
1).
one count out of 40 or more that was not in sented graphically for asters and goldenrods in
agreement with the other counts for the taxon.' Figures 2 and 4, respectively. Overall, the number
number
of aster taxa and the of goldenrod taxa
GRAPHICS AND
STATISTICS for each area correlate rather highly 6.7), but
(
the maiority of the reeions (86%) have more aster
xMjiaps J .V
were prepared usmg the graphi_i.cs program u n
j
t,han goldenrodi taxa (/tT-able i \ T-rhue diversi•t* y off
1).
Coreldraw
Version 1.02 (Corel Systems Corpo-
lAnn r n t^^a for asters and goldenrods greatest in the
^^.- ^ r is
1600 a r\.. • tKalZr^
ration, Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario i
^
Mnt:c\
tt
/^
eastern Umt- ed, . i Lronquis• t (ivoo)
htates; previously,
Windows
run under
The
\'^^ goldenrods. great-
"^^^ for
^°**'*^ '^^ *^
Version 2
higher "(Microsoft Inc^" Redmo'nd';
"or' '
'
numbers and
est of species, subspecies, varieties
Washing
QMS for both asters and goldenrods occur in North Car-
The
^^^ ^"^ estimated, respectively) few-
^
""^^^
Pearson were ^
correlations calculated using SYS^
TAT est taxa occur in Alaska and the far northern areas
(SYSTAT,
Version 5.0 1800 Sherman
Inc.,
across Canada. The western part of North America
Ave., Evanston, 60201,
Illinois U.S.A.).
has far fewer goldenrod taxa than the eastern part.
However, because
the pattern for asters different
Results and is
Discussion
several taxon-rich and subsections of asters
sections
A
of 6,908 chromosome number
total
reports achieve their greatest diversity in the west, unlike
and
for asters goldenrods from Canada,
the United any group of goldenrods. The number of taxa along
and Mexico
States, were
included in the study the Pacific coast high primarily because of the
is
The
(Table
1). results of the analyses of the data presence oi Aster Eucephalus and Aster secX.
sect.
matrix on chromosome number
and num- Dumosi two
reports Without these
subsect. Foliacei.
bers of taxa per
political region are presented
pic- groups, the general pattern of diversity in asters
The
torially in Figures 1-4. numbers
total of re- would be quite similar to that in goldenrods.
ports for each province and among
territory in Canada, There was a great range (0% to 90%)
each
state in the United States, and Mexico
all of geopolitical regions the percentage of taxa for
in
are given Table and
in Figures and number
1 1 3 for Aster which one chromosome
at least individual's
sens. and Solidago, A The
lat. respectively. total of had been determined
(Table Figs. 2, 4).
1;
4,844
was
reports entered askSam
into the mean United
data
percentages of taxa from Canada, the
on
file asters. Ofthese, 1,520 were were
for plants native and Mexico
States, sampled cytologically
The
to Ontario. next^ largest numbers 49.1% The
of reports for asters and 45.1% goldenrods.
for
Quebe
were
highest percentages were counted
of taxa that
and
144, 133
reports, respectively. There were for Manitoba and 90% and 75% in the
Ontario:
more
than 100
reports each
for CaUfornia, Colo- former, and 80% and 83% for aster
in the latter
Carolin were
and
goldenrod Percentages
taxa, respectively.
The
number
lowest
lower Canada,
in all other provinces and states. In
States was from Delaware
with only two
reports, the numbers of taxa
of counts and the percentages
No
count
reports were
included
in the data counted were and Prince
files lowest Newfoundland
in
from
for asters Newfoundland
and
Labrador, and Edward
62 provinces,
Island. Thirty-four out of
was
there only one
report from Prince Edward more
territories, states, and Mexico (54.8%) had
Two
Island. thousand
sucty-four reports were on
en- aster taxa counted but
than goldenrod taxa,
goldenrods
irod
590
these, were
for plants native The
to Ontario.
ounted per percentages
area. Generally, the
numbers
of reports were from Quebec
an
clw
Idenrod *^^'^ i^ arf*a
oo,-^.-ii«.-j
New
York,
California, and Colorado =
with 144,
75, not example
correlate strongly For
49)
(r
73 and 58 No
reports,
respectively.
other state five of the 23 Nevada
estimated
aster taxa for
m
the United States had more
than 50
(22%)
reports. taxa
versus
five of the seven goldenrod
o
CD
^
CD
(D
CD
3
{^
1520
194
r\«^
> O
CO
94
\
\^
-
0> CD
^
CD
132 '^V 3
26
^
o
CO
co/>
1
Q.
3
Canada
CD
o
/-
23 \ 33 U.S.A. 2822
CD
3
Mexi
"^'^'^^'^
O
[50
CD
Q.
4844 cn
Total
DO
\24L,
68 CD
O
Numbers
Chromosome (0
of
o
Number
Reports
km
10CX}
Figure 1. Numbers of chromosome number reports for Aster sens. lat. {Aster, Virgulaster, and Virgulus) in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Only small portions of
CD
Alaska arid the Northwest Territories are indicated at the top of the map; Numbers CD
i Quebec, and Mexico, respectively.
and percentages of
and numbers of taxa counted,
Numbers chromosome number estimated numbers of taxa (species, subspecies, varieties),
Table of reports,
1
.
taxa counted for the provinces and territories of Canada, states of the United States, and all of Mexico.
Goldenrods
Asters
Esti-
—
mated
Goldenrods
Number Asters
Number of taxa
of taxa
%of
%of
Total total
. %
1
Number
Number taxa of
number of number Number of Esti- taxa of Esti-
counted
mated Counted counted taxa
mated Counted counted reports
area reports of taxa reports
Geopolitical
CANADA
62 13 3
65 23 13 8
95 39 72 26 17
Alberta
-5
60 19
55 27 10 6
95 39 68 29 16
Columbia
British
40 20 15 75 15
87 40 47 20 18 90
Manitoba
-4
74 12 23 8 35 39
New 47 42 35 19 14
Brunswick
-8 -14
14
9 14 2
9 20 6
Newfoundland
-8
14
Labrador*
-10
50
40 8 4 2
14 9 6 5 2 1
Northwest Territories
-9
52 23
78 33 53 12 9 75 25 21 11
Nova
Scotia
49 39 80 590 41 34 83 8 3
2,110 90 1,520
Ontario
8 10
28 10 10 18
Edward 1 1
Prince Is. 1
63 144 32 24 75 8 12
288 56 144 24 15
Quebec
>
38 6
48 31 33 18 8 44 15 13 5 5
Saskatchewan
29 4 20 C/)
9 38 7 2
18 13 11
Yukon 51 1
Territories O 05
CO
11.7 50.4 (931) 18 9.8 47.8 2.7 2.7
Means (subtotals) (2,923) 35.5 (1.992) 19.1 O
CD
U.S.A.
O
63 75 49 42 21 50 15 33 12 36 9 14 CD
Alabama
43 32
47 15 16 8 6 75 31 7 3 1 o'
Alaska
44 24 19 14 8 57 25 10 7 70 4 13
Arizona
45
63 66 33 33 15 45 30 33 15
Arkansas
0)
-6 a
70 23
64 73 10
205 43 132 33 21 7
California
CD
67 22
164 47 106 29 13 45 58 18 12 11
Colorado
26 51 18 27 12 44 8 24 6 25 3 19
Connecticut
-5
Delaware 8 45 2 23 3 13 6 22 4 18 1
56 132 33 25 76 35 23 15 65 10 11
167
Florida
79 89 63 45 24 53 16 44 13 30 23
Georgia 1
-5
93 39 79 29 13 45 14 10 5 50 19
Idaho
109 69 94 46 29 63 15 23 7 30 23 33
Uliuiois
20
57 14 27 10 37 3
67 57 53 30 17
Indiana
56 9 19 9 47 8 9
46 42 27 15
51
Iowa
-. ^'
o
CO
Tari K Continued
1
CD
Goldenrods
Asters
Esti-
<0
mated
Number of taxa ~ Number of taxa Asters Goldenrods
% , %of
of
Total total
%
Number Number
number of number Number of Esti- taxa of Esti- taxa of
3
Geopolitical area reports of taxa reports mated Counted counted reports mated Counted counted taxa counted
CD
Kansas 45 40 26 23 10 43 19 17 12 71 6 28
Kentucky 74 73 62 40 18 45 12 33 11 33 7 12
30 69 24 37 13 35 6 32 5 16 5 19
Louisiana
Maine 57 49 42 26 14 54 15 23 11 48 3 6
Maryland 24 60 14 30 8 27 10 30 8 27
-5
82 59 44 34 20 59 38 25 16 64 9
Massachusetts
Michigan 174 59 133 31 22 71 41 28 17 61 3 10
Minnesota 114 52 88 30 21 70 26 22 10 45 8 25
55 64 50 35 15 43 5 29 6 21 6 22
Missi>,sij)pi
Mi 117 61 93 31 21 68 24 30 12 40 28
a^ouri
1
Montana 79 41 63 28 16 57 16 13 7 54 15 3
Nehraska 37 34 21 21 11 52 16 13 6 46 8 6
Nevada 39 30 32 23 5 22 7 7 5 71 16 49 > O W
-4
New
Hampshire 56 52 31 28 14 50 25 24 13 54 4
CD
C/>
New Jersey 46 73 19 43 11 26 27 30 16 53 13 27 CD ^
3
New -8 ®
Mexico 62 40 23 22 13 59 39 18 12 67 4 o
New
York 181 80 106 51 22 43 75 31 20 65 20 22 a o
3
North Carolina 171 107 124 56 30 54 47 51 27 53 5
1
CD
o
-2
North Dakota 51 29 32 16 7 44 19 13 6 46 3
Q.
Ohio 49 49 35 27 11 41 12 22 3 14 5 27
CD
3
Oklahoma 38 55 23 28 17 61 15 27 13 48 13
1 O
CD
Oregon 209 46 194 33 20 Q.
61 15 13 6 46 20
15
Pennsvh'ania 103 62 84 39 16 41 19 23 12 52 16 33
11
CD
Rhode Island 11 46 6 25 5 20 5 21 5 24 4 -4 "a
o
South Carolina 99 84 74 44 24 55 25 40
15 38 4 17
South Dakota 35 26 18 14 7 50 17
17 12 8 67 2
o
Te
niie-- »<> 92 78 42 40 18 45 50 38 22 58
2 13
Texas 83 67 68 29 20 69 15 38 12 32 -9
37
69
!'tah 35 52 24 9 38 17
17 11 6 55
13
Vermont
80 51 47 29
17 59 33 22
12 55
7 4
Virginia 154 80 127 38 27 -4
71 27 42 14
33 38
H^ f ^ ^ ^ r \- .^.^^U
PO
Table Continued.
1.
Goldenrods
Asters
Esti.
—
mated
Number Goldenrods
Number taxa of taxa Asters
of
%of
%of
Total total
. %
1
Number
number number Number of taxa Number of Esti- taxa of
of Esti-
mated Counted counted reports mated Counted counted taxa counted
Geopolitical area reports of taxa reports
-11
42 22
48 46 42 34 10 29 6 12 5
Washington
35 10 32 6 19 2 16
42 66 32 34 12
West
Virginia
40 27 68 27 28 14 50 12 18
68 86
116
Wisconsin
>
-15 2
58 16
Wyoming 76 54 58 35 15 43 18 19 11
Means 55.3 (2,822) 31.4 15.7 50.0 (1,127) 23.9 10.4 46.1 7.4 3.9 to
(3,949)
(subtotals)
&
o
Canada U.S.A.
22.8 10.3 46.4 6.2 3.7 03
29.8 15.9 50.1 (2,058)
Means 51.1 (4,818)
(6,872) O
(subtotals)
CD
MEXICO
o
Mexico 36 41 30 14 5 36 6 27 3 11 13 25
O
2,064
Totals 6,908 4,844
03
Means 111.4 50.9 78.1 28.7 14.7 49.9 33.3 22.8 10.1 45.9 5.9 4.0
<1)
* Labrador part of the Province of Newfoundland; data on the island and the mainland portions of the province are listed separately for clarity.
is
3
> O
CO
zr CD
(/)
3
3
CD
8|d
rs
lOSOLUi
and
O
CD
o
^
Q.
CD
3
rod
CD
a>
3J
CD
"O
o
a.
CO
o
Figure Estimated numbers of taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties; shading) in Aster sens. lat. {Aster, Virgulaster, and Virgulus) and percentages of taxa for which a
2.
romosome number has been determined (numbers the regions indicated). Numbers indicated are for both subregions of Ontario, Quebec, and Mexico, respectively.
in
2
>
s
o
CD
O
CD
0)
o
0)
Q.
CD
Figure 3. Numbers of cliromosome number reports for Solidago (excluding Euthamia) in Canada, the United States^ and Mexico. Only small portions of Alaska and the
NoTlhwesl Territories are indicated; Yukon Territory not included in the map. Numbers indicated are for both subreglons of Ontario. Quebec, and Mexico, respectively.
is
^