Table Of ContentRECORD OF
SPONTANEOUS ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS VAR. DELICIOSA
FIRST
A
THE UNITED FLORA
(ACTINIDIACEAE) IN STATES
Mason
David Troy Bray
H.
Serviss
L.
Brett
E.
Department ofBiology State Survey Coordinator Department ofBiology
Arkansas State Plant Board Henderson State University
Henderson State University
Arkansas 71999-0001, U.S.A. Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, U.S.A. Arkadelphia, Arkansas 71999-0001, U.SA.
Arkadelphia,
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
RESUMEN
de Arkansas Estados Unidos.
levo para la flora y los
condado de Saline County ocurrid potencialmente mediante el transporte e introduccidn
;n el
una depuradora. Se incluyen fotografias de Atiinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, junto con una clave
n Estados Unidos.
los
INTRODUCTION
Inihe United States non-native plant species are continuously being documented and added, both at the
flora,
&
Wunderlin Peck
2010;
regional and national levels (Whittemore 2004; Neves et al. 2009; Serviss 2009; et al.
even
naturalize or occasionally
some these species
Serviss 2011). In instances, subsequent to introduction,
and
with escaped populations
become encounters
invasive; therefore, extremely important to record first
it is
monitor new spontaneous occurrences of non-native species in order to evaluate their potential as invasive
&
non-native plant species into the
species (Neves Introduction of
et 2009; Yatskievych Raveill 2001).
al.
agronomic
ornamentals or lucrative
United States is often intentionally driven based on their potential as
crops.
A an genus consisting of about 55
Asiatic
case-in-point example would be the genus Actinidia. Actinidia is
China
^cies 44 which endemic) (Flora of
of lianas, with center of diversity in China (52 species, of are
its
showy and
ornamentals because of their
Editorial Committee Some important as
are
2007). species of Actinidia
such as A. arguta, A.
°ften colorful foliage and flowers, and a few species are important for their edible fruits,
why were introduced into
ttanensis, and A. kolomikta These represent the principle reasons Actinidia species
.
the US.
Chinese gooseberry) the
Actinidia A. Chev. (green kiwifruit, is
chinensis Planch, Chev.)
var. deliciosa (A.
beendomes-
^tidard crop species to have
kiwi fruit of commerce and represents one of the few temperate fruit
when from
t’cated in the The industry began in 1904 seed collected
last 100 years (Ferguson kiwifruit
1999).
China were New had been developed into a production
brought to Zealand, and by 1970, the green kiwifruit
a
°P Ferguson and Bollard At present, on an annual basis, over one million metric tons of kiwifruit are
1990).
New and (World
Produced Zealand, Chile
China,
worldwide, most of which grown in four countries: Italy,
is
JCwifruit Review produced commercially in the United States, the
and amounts are
2009), although only small
kiwifruit has become (Ferguson 1999). Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa
a popular commodity in this country
&
35 recend (Kasperek 2004; Essl Stoehr 2006),
been European countries
y recorded as spontaneous in a few
u
not along with the popularity of its
and seed
surprising, based on cold hardiness viability,
relative
its
7* documented
as a food has also been out-
deliciosa
in this country in Europe), that A. chinensis var.
(as it is
cultivation
in the United
States.
USA
the
deliciosa in
ir.
Servissetal.,
NEW
RECORD FOR THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
SPECIES
&
chinensis Planch, var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev. (A. deliciosa (A. Chev.) Liang Ferguson) (Ac-
Actinidia
means
Green kiwifruit is a large, deciduous liana that can climb by of twining stems to a
tinidiaceae) (Fig. 1).
of 10 meters or possibly more. It is native to China and Taiwan. Actinidia chinensis Planch, var. deliciosa
height
from other vines in the eastern United States by the combination of the dense indument
distinguish
easy to
is
young stems and
reddish-brown, or whitish-tan, setose or hispid trichomes that cover the leaves,
red,
of large,
—
cm
thick, robust stems, and large (at maturity up to 20 long), cordate-acuminate, pubescent,
relatively
new The
prominently-veined leaves. The large leaves and colorful growth give the plant a tropical appearance.
United States (Fig.
the 2).
was determined
Two clusters of stems, separated by about 2-3 meters, were observed at the site, but it not
whether or not each was a separate plant or a single, interconnected system of stems and roots. Both clusters of
has bisexual flowers but
stems were present as large, multi-trunked, reproductive-age, staminate (A. chinensis
is functionally dioecious) lianas, growing on a wooded slope and up into and through the canopy to edge of
and
bordered by residen-
woods. The immediate location of the A. chinensis var. deliciosa plant(s), while streets
home
areas, appears be undisturbed, with no evidence of a prior site or areas of cultivation
tial to relatively
which
observed. However, sewer pump with associated cleanout valves is present at the site, offers a
a station
which were rooted in close proximity
potential explanation as to route of introduction of the Actinidia plant(s),
to the cleanout valves. Introduction via seed may have occurred during routine cleaning of the sewer lines, or
and development resulting in the spon-
possibly even during an overflow subsequent seed germination
event;
&
A. arguta (Siebold Zucc.)
In addition to A. chinensis two other species of Actinidia: 1.
var. deliciosa,
Maxim, have been
Manch. and vine)
ex Miq. (hardy kiwi, tara vine) and A. polygama (Siebold Zucc.) (silver
2.
(NRCS
Mitchell 2000;
documented outside of cultivation in Ohio and the northeastern United States 1999;
&
Wilder McCombs 2002; Haines 201 See below for key to identification of these species (for a detailed treat-
1).
Committee
China 2007).
“tont ofActinidia, including A. chinensis and its three varieties, see Flora of Editorial
UNITED STATES
CONTINENTAL
THE
SPECIES OF ACTINIDIA IN
J
hispid-p
variously
to hispid-pubescent; fruits
(branchlets) densely strigose-
(s
glabrous
2- Pith of stems
solid
2. Pith of stems
lamellate
(r
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Wtsincerely Commission) and one anonymous reviewer for
thank Theo Witsell (Arkansas Natural Heritage
toeir helpful comments We would also like to thank the Arkansas State
and paper.
suggestions regarding this
Board work.
and Department supporting this
the Henderson Biology for
University
State
references
Inc
2009. World WA. U.SA
Pullmam,
kiwifruit review.
^0-
7 Burgenland, and Styria, part Linzer
5toeh lower Austria, t III.
«- 2006. Remarkable records from Vienna,
floristic
“^Beitr.
38:121-163.
