Table Of ContentA DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF
CHINESE COMMUNISM
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THE RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER
The Russian Research Center was established February i,
1948. It is supported by the Carnegie Corporation on a grant
covering the period until July 1, 1958. The major objective
of the Research Center is the study of Russian institutions
and behavior in an effort to make for better understanding
of the international actions and policy of the Soviet Union.
The participating scholars represent all of the social sciences.
In accord with the expressed wish of the Carnegie Corpora-
tion, the fields of anthropology, psychology, and sociology,
which have hitherto played little part in Russian studies in
this country, are strongly represented. The staff of the
Center are grateful to the Carnegie Corporation not only for
the opportunity to carry out their studies under favorable
circumstances, but also for the moral encouragement
and intellectual stimulation which have been provided
by contact with individual officers and trustees of the
Corporation.
RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER STUDIES
Public Opinion in Soviet Russia: A Study
in Mass Persuasion
by Alex Inkeles
Soviet Politics—The Dilemma of Power:
The Role of Ideas in Social Change
by Barrington Moore, Jr.
Justice in Russia: An Interpretation of
Soviet Law
by Harold J. Berman
Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao
by Benjamin I. Schwartz
Documentary History of Chinese Communism
by Conrad Brandt, Benjamin Schwartz
and John K. Fairbank
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A DOCUMENTARY
HISTORY OF
CHINESE COMMUNISM
By
CONRAD BRANDT
BENJAMIN SCHWARTZ
and
JOHN K. FAIRBANK
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge: Massachusetts
1952
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FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1952
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
This study was made possible in part by funds granted by the
Carnegie Corporation of New York to the 'Russian Research Center of
Harvard University. That Corporation is not, however, the author,
owner, publisher, or proprietor of this publication and is not to be
understood as approving by virtue of its grant any of the statements
made or views expressed therein.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
in 12 on ι} point Garamond type
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NORWICH
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CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS page 9
INTRODUCTION 11
A CHRONOLOGY OF THE COMMUNIST
MOVEMENT IN CHINA, 1918-50 29
SELECTED DOCUMENTS WITH
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES 49
Section I. The Embryonic Period: 1921-β 51
Commentary A: The Second Congress—the "Bloc
Without" 51
1. First manifesto of the CCP on the current situation, June io, 1922
2. Manifesto of the Second National Congress of the CCP, July 1922
[résumé]
Section II. Tie Period of Early CCP-KMT
Co-operation: 1923-7 65
B. Sun Yat-sen and the Communists—the "Bloc Within" 65
3. Joint manifesto of Sun Yat-sen and A. A. Joffe, January 26, 1925
4. Manifesto of the Third National Congress of the CCP, June 1923
5. Sun Yat-sen's Comments on an accusation against the CP (pre-
sented to him in December 1923)
C. The CCP and Sun Yat-sen's Leadership 73
6. Fourth manifesto of the CCP on the current situation, January
1925
D. Mao Tse-tung in Hunan: A side-current 77
7. Mao Tse-tung: Report on an investigation of the peasant move-
ment in Hunan, February 1927
E. The Breakdown of the United Front Strategy 89
8. Resolutions of the Fifth National Congress of the CCP, May 1927
[résumé]
Section III. The Period of Reorientation: 1927-31 97
F. From Coalition to Adventurism—the August 7
Conference 97
9. Circular letter of the CC [CCP] to all Party members, August 7,
1927
10. Resolutions of the August 7 Emergency Conference, August 7,
1927 [résumé]
G. The Sixth Congress and the Doctrine of Prepared
Insurrection 123
11. Political resolution [of the Sixth National Congress of the CCP],
September 1928
12. Resolution of the Sixth National Congress [of the CCP] on the
peasant movement, September 1928
H. Li Li-san—First Phase 165
13. Resolutions and spirit of the Second Plenum of the CC, July 9,
1929
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6 CONTENTS
I. The Li Li-san Line page 179
14. Li Li-san: The new revolutionary rising tide and preliminary
successes in one or more provinces, June 11, 1930
15. Chou En-lai (Shao Shan): Report to the Third Plenum, September
24, 1930 [extract]
16. Resolution of the Enlarged Fourth Plenum of the CC, CCP,
January 1931
Section IV. The Period of the Kiangsi Soviet: 1931-4 217
J. The Shift to the Hinterland 217
17. Constitution of the Soviet Republic, November 1931
18. Land Law of the Soviet Republic, November 1931
19. Mao Tse-tung: Report to the Second All-China Soviet Conference,
January 22, 1934 [extract]
Section V. The Yenan Period—the United 1er ont: 19jJ-4 J 239
K. The United Front against Japan 239
20. The ten great policies of the CCP for anti-Japanese resistance
and national salvation, August 15, 1937
21. The CCP's public statement on KMT-CCP co-operation,
September 22, 1937
22. Mao Tse-Tung: Urgent tasks of the Chinese revolution since the
formation of the KMT-CCP united front, September 29, 1937
L. Propaganda in the United Front Period 257
23. Propaganda outline issued by the CC on the seventeenth anniver-
sary of the CCP, June 24, 1938
M. The Significance of Mao's New Democracy 260
24. Mao Tse-tung: On the New Democracy, January 19, 1940
[extract]
N. The Moderate Land Policy 275
25. Decision of the CC on land policy in the anti-Japanese base
areas, January 28, 1942
O. The CCP-KMT Alliance—Final Phase 285
26. Reports on the Seventh National Congress of the CCP, June 11,
1945
27. Mao Tse-tung: On Coalition Government, April 24, 1945 [extract]
Section VI. The Yenan Period—Ideology and Party
Affairs: 193J-4J 318
P. The Indoctrination of Party Personnel 318
28. Ch'en Yün: How to be a Communist Party member, May 30, 1939
29. Liu Shao-ch'i: On the training of a Communist Party member,
August 7, 1939 [extract]
Q. Leadership of the Masses and the Intellectuals 344
30. Decision of the CC on the work of penetrating the masses,
November 1, 1939
31. Decision of the CC on the absorption of intellectual elements,
December 1, 1939
R. The Economic Effort 351
32. Decision of the CC on the participation of Party members in
economic and technical work, May 1, 1941
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CONTENTS 7
S. The Reaffirmation of Leninist Discipline page 353
33. Liu Shao-ch'i: On the intra-Party struggle, July 2, 1941 [extract]
T. The Cheng-feng Movement 372
34. Mao Tse-tung: Correcting unorthodox tendencies in learning, the
Party, and literature and art, February 1, 1942
35. Mao Tse-tung: Opposing Party formalism, February 8, 1942
36. Mao Tse-tung: Speech made at the forum on literature and art
at Yenan, May 2 and 23, 1942 [extract]
U. The Climax of the Yenan Period 419
37. Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, June 11, 1945
Section VII. Tie Post-war Period: ipjj-jo 439
V. The Return to the Cities 439
38. Resolutions of the Second Session of the Seventh Plenum of the
CC, March 23, 1949
W. The New Phase of Power 445
39. Mao Tse-tung: On the People's Democratic Dictatorship, July 1,
1949
X. The New Government 461
40. Organic Law of the Central People's Government, September 27,
1949
Concluding Comments 471
REFERENCE NOTES 485
BIBLIOGRAPHY A 493
BIBLIOGRAPHY Β 5θ8
GLOSSARY OF CHINESE NAMES AND TERMS 5 15
INDEX 541
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ABBREVIATIONS
CC: Central Committee
CCP: Chinese Communist Party
CEC: Central Executive Committee
CI: Communist International (Comintern)
CP: Communist Party
CY: Communist Youth Corps (of China)
ECCI: Executive Committee of the Communist International
KMT: Kuomintang (The Nationalist Party of China)
Parentheses are used for original statements in parentheses, and for words
inserted to complete grammatical structure;
Square brackets are used for expanded statements inserted editorially, and for
notes of explanation;
Double square brackets are used for summarized passages or sections;
Italics are used for words underlined or italicized in the original, and for
romanized Chinese words.
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