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BIBLIOTHECA INOICA:
LOLLECTION OF p RiENTAL Works
PUBLISHED BY Tfie
ASIATIC SOCIETY GAL
<
New Series, No.1405.
A BKTlOiNAKV OF THE ivASHMIRI
LAN(t[;A(iE.
SIRWILUAMJONES
COMPILED,
PARTLY FROM MATERIALS LEFl' BY THE LATE PANDITA IgVARA KAtTLA,
BY
Sir GEORGE a. GRIERSON, K.C.I.E., Pli.D.(Halle), D.Litt.(Dublin),
Honorary Fell<rwoftheAsiaticSocietyofBengal; Honorary MemberofTheNagari PracariniSdbha, The
Americaii OrientalSociety, TheSocietiFinno-Ougrienne,and The InlerrMtirnal Phonetio Association;
Foreign AssociateMemberof The SociHe Aaiatique de Paris; Corresponding Memberof
theKonigliche OesellschaftderWissenschaftenzu Ooltingen.
ASSISTED BY
jrAHA.MAH0PADHY5YA MUKUNDARAMA SASTRI, OF 6RIXAGAR.
PART
I.
HERTFORD
FEINTED FOE THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BEKGAL, BY
STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LIMITED.
1916.
^
LIST OF BOOKS FOR SALE
AT THE LIBRARY OF THE
/\siATIC SoCEETY OF ^ENGAL,
No. I. PABK STREET, OALODTTA.
AND OliTAINARf.E KROM
—
The Society's Ajont
Mr. BlSUNAUUQUAliri'OlI, 11, Qrafton Street, Ueio Bond Street, London, W.
Oompletecopiaa of thaietuorkamarked with an anterieJc*cannot be eupplied—eoma
>/ the Fasciculi being out of stock,
lilBLlOTIIEOA INDICA.
Sanskrit Series.
AJvaitHohint,* KnuBtabbn, J'bbo. 1-3 @ /lO/e»oh ... Ba. 14
AitarSya Bialiina,n«,, Vol. I, Faeo. 1-5; Vol. II, Faso. 1-6; Vol.
Ill,Fasc. 1-6, Vol. IV, Fago. 1-8 @ /lO/eaoli 14
AitBreyalocaaa •• ••• •• ••• 2
Ainarakoaha, Fasc. 1-2 ... ... ... ... 4
Anumana Uidhiti Praaarini,Fasc. 1-3 @ /lO/ ... 1 14
A;taailiaai-ika Praj6niiniam!ta, Faao. 1-6 @ /lO/ each 3 12
Atmatattvaviveka, Faeo. 1-2 1 4
A(}vavaHljaUB, Fiiao. 1-5 @,'10/eauli 3 2
Avadana Kalpalntn, (Sana, and Tibetau) Vol. 1, Fasc. 1-11. Vol.
II, F 10. 1-11 @ 1/e.iuh 22
Balam ii..a(<i, Vol. I, Faso. 1-2,Vol.TI, Faao. 1, @/ID/ each 1 14
Baadhiyaeia «ranU Sutra, Faao. 1-3; Vol. 11, Faao. 1-5; Vol. Ill,
Fasc. 1, (g /lO; enah ... 5 10
Bhaaavritty 10
Bhatta Dipiki, Vol.1, Fasc. 1-6;Vol.II, Faao. 1-2 (g /lO/eaoh 5
BaaddliaalotriiaailgrAlm 2
Bi'haddeviiti, Faao. 1-4 @ /lO/eaoh 2 8
Brhaddliai'iiift Puiaiiii, Fiiso. 1-6 @ /ID/ each 3 18
BodhioiirySvatSiaof 9»"tideva,Faao. 1-7 @ /lO/ eaoli 4 6
Ori Cnntiiiat)ia Oloirifa, Fiisu. 1-4 ... ... 2 8
O5(i:.'taaldof<i>?iaineT,ofFSaaancak1r-i2b@Bo/nlkOa/aenacdhMSS.,Faao. 1-4@ 2/)BacIi 1 4
•(^atajiDuitthtaomB,rtFhniaicVm.onla1.,-V7Vlo;,l.VFoa1ls,.o.FV.,[email protected]/;-4/[email protected]/lOI/t,eaFoahao.1-5j Vol. 143 62
Ditto Vol. Vir, Faao. 1-5 @ /lO/ 3 2
Ditto .Vol. IX, Faso. 1-2 1 4
putauahaai'ikii-pi-ajanpai'amita. Pint I, Faao. 1-18, Fart II, Faac. 1,
® /lu/ eaoli II 14
•Oatarvargn Chintamniji, Vol. II, Faso. 1-25;Vol. Ill, Part T, Faao. U
l-18,PHitTI,F«so. I-IO;VoI.IV, Faao, l-6@/10/oaoh 36
m
Ditto Vol. IV, Faso.7, 1/4/each 1 4
^lokavarlikDnit(tEonglish), B'aVaool..1I-V7,@Faa1o/.4/8e-a1c0h(9/10/ 1 1124
•^rantaSiitra oVfolQ.anIkllli,ftFyaa«noa.,1V-o4l;. IV,olF.a4s,o.Fa1a-o7.;1V@ol/.lOI/I,eFaaoaho. 1-4; 10
9riBhiabyam, Faao. 1-3@/ID/each 1 14
GDaadnaadKhrairjaSPKaadiidibiaiitiidi,KaFlaasaoa.ia1,-2Vo(lg./1l,O/Faeaaoo.h1.-.7. @/lO/ each 41 64
Ditto Aoarasiira,Vol. II, Faac. 1-4 ... 3 2
(iobhiliyDaitGtrobyaSfitia,VVooll.. II,I,@Pa/sloO./[email protected]./4/each 32 28
Ditto (Appendix) Gobhila Pariaista 2
Gobhiliya GrhyaSiitra, Grihya Sangraha 10
llaratata ... ... ... 1 14
KKaalramaVpirvaedkiap,bF,aaFoa.ao.1-17 @/lO/eaoh 41 46
KStaiitra, Faao, 1-fi iW /12/ eauh 4 8
Kavi Kalp* Lata, Faso. 1 10
KavindravaoanaSamuoe—ayah 3 8
Kurma Parana, Fasc. 1 9 Ot /lO/eaoh 5 10
KMiardaaniaivaalPia,riPjaistoa.,1F-a3,sc(a!1/-l1O1/@ /lO/each 61 1144
Maha-bbasya-priidipodyota, Vol. I, Faao. 1-9; Vol. 11, Fasc. 1-12;
Vol. Ill, Faao. 1-10@/lO/ eaoh 19 6
Ditto Vol. TV, Fuse. 1-3e*''4each ... 12
Maitra,or Maitravaniya Upanishad, Faso. 1 ... 10
Manutiki Sii^ErrHha. H'aan. 1-3 @ /lO/ each 1 1*
Markaudaya Pill»<•>.(Uiiiilialit l<'asu. 1-9(^ I/- each 9
Uagdhahodha Vyakarana, Vol. I, Faso 1-7, @/lO/ eaoh ... 4
Nirokta,(2ndedition) Vol. I,Paso. 1-2,<g Ks. 1-4 2
PRELIMINAEY NOTE
In the year 1898 the Asiatic Society of Bengal completed the publication, under my editorship, of
a Kashmiri Grammar written in Sanskrit by Isvara Kaula, and entitled the Kasmlrasabdumrta. During
the preparation of this work for the press my attention was drawn to a report that its author had also
composed a Kashmiri-Sanskrit KOsa, or Dictionary. Further inquiries elicited the fact that this was really
the case, and after prolonged negotiations, for the success of which I was largely indebted to the efforts of
Sir Aurel Stein, K.C.I.E., and to the friendly influence exercised by Sir Adelbert Talbot, K.C.I.E., then
Resident at Srinagar, the manuscript came into my possession at the end of that year.
Exatnination of the papers showed that Isvara Kaula never lived to complete, much less to revise, his
Kosa} For the first few letters of the alphabet he had, it is true, written out a fair copy, each entry
consisting of a Kashmiri word together with a synonym in Sanski'it and another in Hindi, but the gi-eater
—
part of the manuscript, as it reached my hands, consisted merely of memoranda lists of Kashmiri words
with no translation at all, and even these not covering the whole alphabet.
Incomplete as they were, these papers nevertheless formed a valuable addition to the literature of an
important and little-known language, and it seemed to me that it was well worth while making an effort to
utilize them and to publish the results. Accordingly, in the year 1899, I represented the state of affairs
to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and suggested what seemed to me a practical method for making the
materials available to scholars. That Society, with great liberality, pi-ovided the funds necessary for
the scheme, which was to employ a competent Kashmiri Pandit to fill up the lacuna3 left by Isvara Kaula,
and to prepare the manuscript for the press.
Sir Aurel Stein added one more to the many debts that I owe to his kindness by securing for me the
services of Pandit Govinda Kaula, of Srinagar, who at once commenced the preparation of the necessary
slips. To my great regret that excellent scholar died in June, 1899, before he had finished the words
commencing with the letter or, and some delay necessarily occurred before I could find his successor, Pandit
(now Mahamahijpadhyaya) Mukunda Eiima Sastri, also of Srinagar, of whose accuracy and learning I had
had previous experience while editing the Kamlrasahdumrta. He took up the work again from the
commencement, and has been my assistant ever since, not only copying out and correcting what Isvara
Kaula had left, but largely adding to the number of words explained.
As the authority of this Dictionary mainly depends on the fact that the greater portion has been
prepared by these Kashmiri Pandits, it will be well to explain the procedure followed by them. Even the
fullest portions of Isvara Kaula's materials left much to be desired. A bare list of Kashmiri words, with,
in each case, a single synonym in Sanskrit and another in Hindi, was of little use. Under my instructions
and supervision, each word has now been written on a separate slip, with, in the case of nouns, information
as to its gender. To this has been added its synonym in Sanskrit, and, as a further check, in Hindi. The
Pandit has then added a short explanation in Sanskrit giving further details as to the meaning of the word.
—
To take an example For the word ab-dlb, all that the original materials gave was as follows : 'slf^-'^t^ I
' He died in the year 1893 a.d.
:
PEELIMINAKY NOTE
11
As prepared by the Pandit, the slip for this word has taken the following form
(1)
(2)
(4)
I have numbered the entries in the slip for convenience of reference. In (1) the letter x? indicates that
theword is masculine. The rest of the entry, and the whole of (2) and(3)belong more or less to the original
materials, and(4) was added by thePandit. Prom this Iprepared the article in the Dictionary. I inserted the
transliteration in (1), retained the Sanskrit synonym in (2), abandoned, as surplusage, the Hindi synonym
:—
in(3), and translated the substance of (2) and (4) into English. The article thus took the followingform
ab-dab ^f^-^^ ^R^ZlWr^l m. givingunwholesome food or drugs to an invalid.
I
To the entries thus prepared by the Pandits I have added numerous words and meanings collected by
myself in the course of my reading. As my authority on the subject is small, I always give in each case
a reference to the source from which the word or meaning was obtained. Articles that depend entirely on
my own authority can be distinguished from those based on the Pandits' slips by the fact that the latter,
and the latter only, have a Sanskrit synonym following the Kashmiri word.
The principal sources other than the Pandits' slips are indexes of words occurring in (1) Burkhard's
edition of Mahmiid Gaml's YusufZulaikha, published in vols, xlix and liii of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft (YZ., quoted by verse number), (2) my own edition of Krsna Razdan's
Siva Parinaya (Siv., quoted by verse number), in course of publication in the Bibliotheca Indica, (3) Diva-
kara Prakasa Bhatta's Srlnimuvatdracarita (Eam., similarly quoted), (4) Paramananda's Krsnuvatdrallla
(K., similarly quoted), (5) Lallavakyuni, a collection of songs by Lai Ded (L.V., similarly quoted),
(6) Hatimh Songs and Stones, a collection of Kashmiri folktales, etc., collected by Sir Aurel Stein (H.,
quoted by number and paragraph), (7) Dr. Hiiiton Knowles' Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs and Sayings
(K.Pr., quoted by page), (8) Mr.Wade's Edshmirl Grammar (W., quoted by page), (9) my edition of Isvara
'K?i\i\.ii^s, Kasmlrasahdumrta (I.K., quoted by sutra), (10) my own Essays on Kupniri Grammar (Gr.Gr.,
quoted by page), and (11) Sir Walter Lawrence's Valley of Kashmir (L., quoted by page). I have also
included all the words in Elmslie's Vocabulary of the Kashmiri Language (El.), and in the Yocabulary
appended to the Kashmiri Manual (Gr.M.) by myseK, published by the Clarendon Press in 1912.
Kashmiri, especially as spoken by Musalmans, borrows freely from Persian, and (thi'ough Persian)
from Arabic. In works written by Musalmans, such as the Yusuf Zuhtikhd above mentioned, there are
whole passages of which the vocabulary is really more Persian than Kashmiri, strings of nouns and
adjectives taken from the former language being merely held together by some verb belonging to the latter.
In fact, such Kashmiri is an exact counterpart of the high literary Urdii fashionable a generation ago
in Lucknow. To have included all such Persian words in this Dictionary would have uselessly increased
the bulk of the work, and have given little help to the student. Such words will be found in any good
Hindostani Dictionary, and it is not probable that any person will study Kashmiri who has not a certain
acquaintance either with that language or with Persian. I have therefore endeavoured to admit to the
pages of this Dictionary only such Persian words as are in general use by all classes, and I have been strict
c;ji\;in regard to them. I have included all Persian words registered by my Pandits, and also all those to
be foii^d in the Proverbs contained in Dr. Hinton Knowles' book, as well as in the vocabularies already
mentioiAfid, and I believe that this will be found to give a very fair selection. On the other hand, there are
