A course in spoken Tamazight

186 Pages·1971·53.102 MB·English

by  Ernest T. Abdel-Massih.

I. (eyt
Phonology nYache)
.k4 Ta...ight
c.nsona.ts and seni_v.ue1s
TaDzrshrj AJt rlyach€ Dtale.r,
nants: /b r d r s q f s z ! , x .. n r I
vovcls / !i x /. tabl€ 2 sh.us rhc place alu manncr.i arti-
.u1at1.n trf ilre ab.ve_renti.Ded
sEgneris.
rhe dta.rttica /t/ a.d/.! /./ lar be added ro n.st .f
rne abov€-ncitl.hed s€erents. /:/
t€lse segncht tl:tene.al t.
!rcdu.ed vt-eil
ral c.unterpart.
TnE lnrenslrJ ,.d sspi.a.lon
acte.lstic .r th! icnse segnen|s gi,e then a syrlaat. qualltJ
.. inar /b./, i.r exanple, is heard as l.bbl (except
,rhen
-lrececed by a !.,ier / a i v). ArL 1ax segne..s have tense
.ounterparts .\..pN r.r h/ a,J /^/.
f\etless /./ js nanlfested in r,.
uays:
. : .: /:?1?
+\:/ 11
(bl as labrarization fo. rhe ba.k
seenehts
-t : ", (oro.".: I y :: -
." ,, i
r
.
Tire f.1i.vinJ ts a. tnvent.ry.r a1l
segrenrs a!.1 their n.dtfleC ..urre.parbs:
dd: rd:: : t,tt:J:tjE:
I t:qq: fi
z z: '. 1: | >: r. , -. n n, r'r, r t,
" "t
c h u !J: y r: / a\d rarery /\ \/.
The rerns rsed in Tabte 2 are he.€ eaplai.ed in tcfls
.r the arir.ula1,.rs that help pf.ducc the
These ar€ r.11.ried by -pxplanat1.hs.f ihe
r.1.eless, td, ard tlat.
!ilabial: r. rer trp a.d ,!pe. 1rt
Iabi.-d€nra1: 1.!e. ti!
!d.ta:L: apea .i irigue
Arveolar: aFex .]] tongue and a1re.1ar rlds€
,q1!e:-pa1rt.1: oFFr rr roneuo a.d r..nt pa.t.r palat.
Phcncl-cgY
l'Jc se
eclar
nI1i I LI r-S^s
nY1rlr
FI-"- UvuIa
TTnnar T.i n
vt,}/e4 !'-t
T rr.rar T.i n
uvrYv: s+l-
En-i ryl rf i-tt c
!y,Ltj!v v v sv
lJcrIJlr^
Diagrant cf the Organs cf SPeech
-3-
A Course cken Tamazight
Fric. r"r':l'
vo.
Nasal
Iateral
Semi-Vowe1
Table 2: Tamazight Consonants and Semi-Vorrels
Palglal: tongue blade and Palate
Pcst palatal: tongue blade and back of nalate
Velar: tongue dorsum and velum
Uvular: tcngue dorsum and uvula
Pharyngeal: root of the tongue and pharynx (constrlctlon)
Glottal: Prcduced ln the lar1mx bY constrletlon of the two
vocal cords
Vciced (vd): during the produetion of voieed' sound's the vocal
cords are closed
volceless (vt): durlng the productlon of voiceless sounds the
vocal cords are open
Isx: a speech sound. produeed with littIe muscular tenslon ln the
speech organsi €.8. /b/
Tense: a speech sound prcduced with great muscular tenslon ln
the speech organsi e.g. /Vt/
Flat: a speech sound produeed by presslng the blade of the tongue
agalnst the palate so that the artieulation ls velarlzed
rather than dental; €.$. /t/
Drills
Prcnunciation
ctted here illustrate the occurrence of the
The exarnples
above' addltton
varlous ccnsonants and seml-vowels mentloned TJI
to belng pronunciation drl}ls they are meant to show the opposltion
t:rat/pLain and./or tense,/lax for any partlcular segment ' /ry T h " /
8,re grcuped at the end beeause they do not have tense counterparts'
1. b/b
t
bab owner
his father
b:as
flne
labas
la b:as ula mays neither hls father nor his mother
aba1l old
father
ab:a
2, t/t
z
l-salt he asked htm
-5-
lsa1t:
he asked her
tftl
she ro11ed
datft:1
she is rolling
turlft
popcorn
tararit:
vomiting
f,/+.
3.
talb to
demand
t:alab
request
o
stat:u a
seive
ta
4.
tafunast
cow
talb to
demand
.a
tarbat: girl
tanbarEt: congratulatlons
nt1 to hide
w,
sEat:u a selve
aa
lt to
Sm cheat
E].mv.st: a
comb
a
5. d/d
t
da here
dlu gol
lbda he began
id:a
he went
ardam demclishing
ard: am demolisher
bd: to stand up
6, t/*,
dmn to guarantee
d:amn guarantor
tf9:
she took breakfast
datfd:r she is taklng breakfast
-u-
Phonolo
lsfd he wiped
isfd: he wiped it (*.
)
n a/I
l.
to begln
bdu
to
bdu share
:T X to massage
UID
to oppress
91*
f r:d to change money
frd to sweep
a Pronunciation DriIl
tad:art a house
ibdr he mentioned
r he mentions
daybd
:
anbdu we w111 share
danbd:u we share
tabarda saddle (for mule
)
tarnd:ut : woman
r1 . ve corn
d:alb learned man in the vlllage
proper name (f.
fadna )
#A.u she llved
d:aZin stew
idawa he cured
trb:a she taught
it is little
idrus
dayt:fras he attacks
rlnrrf .ertc he shakes
iEm:t he cheated him
:
nfsrt we spread lt (f.
: )
9. tr t'|.
/I</ is a lax palatal voiceless fricatlve mainly in
theenvj-ronment of /szAi' rlmn/. /t<:/ts
a tense post palatal volceless stop.
-7-
irkm lt (m. ) bolled
dayrk:m it ts bolllng
ks to tend sheep
k:s to take out
Rrz *wav ny-rlv qn6rrrrnl-'
k:r to get
up
ab:k to be lost
E rk: rlnrr}" t ln \
uvuv v \lr. /
10. k/kz
/k/ Ls a labialized 1ax post palatal volceless
fricative mai-nly in the environment of / s z 3 t
rLnn/
/kr/ is a labiallzed tense volceless post palatal
ston.
lkumit dagger
1k:n:aE notebook
kul: all
a
every,
Ttt each
11. k/k k:/k:
lnLna to enter
fn:i you (m.p. ) suu;.
kmz to scratch
:k: doubt ("
E
)
q.k.v. sugar
ir'
nt we got up
nk:n1
I^t6
L2.
e/e:
/e/ is a lax post palatal volced fricative (mainty
1n the environment of /s z's 2 r I m n /). /g:/
is a tense post palatal voiced stop.
a
i rcrm he lnsulted
-- o"_
darrrcr.m he insults
nm('r we harvested
danmg:r we harvest
ion he dtd
*o*
he is
ag:a
13.
e/e:
/g/ Ls a labialized lax post palatal volced frica-
firra /in the environment of /s z i i' r L n n /)
/et/ is a labialized tense post palatal voiced stop.
azgu wind
ag:aa a burden
lake
(^, ,Sa'lI UlsGamIlr
asg:as year
a sickle
amgr
even
4^d6./l.u
targa canal
tirr^car.Jn canals
14. e/q - er/gl
iga he did
targa canal
ag:a he is
ag:a a burden
dayt :g:a he does
he
dayt :g:a kneads
urt :g id you will not do
urt:g:d you wi}l not knead
r>. q/qi
1qr:a he confessed
-t)-
A Course ln oken Tamazi
iq:la
he frled
thl:qnt
you (f .p. ) dressed up
tq:dnt you (f .p. ) burnt
L6. g/gt
r
iqm: he gambled
asq:n
aY rvayfnv o
12 qt/gl
rl.
lq:rt
n we shook it (r. ) off
n:q:rt
silver
18. Pronunciation Drill
judge
to cut grass
a glass
you
wait
I
we w111 take you (*.p. ) back
me too
she kneaded
evenlng
in-1aw
coffee
to close
the market
you shook off
silver
they (f.
) gambled
rope
she dld
canal
he is
burden
*J"0-