A Contrastive Study of the Grammatical Structures of Aymara (Aymaran/ Aru) and Cuzco Kechua (Quechuan/ Qichwa)

371 Pages·1977·6.896 MB·English

by  Joseph Davidson, Jr.

UC Berkeley
Dissertations, Department of Linguistics
Title
A Contrastive Study of the Grammatical Structures of Aymara and Cuzco Kechua
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09j1q0rp
Author
Davidson, Joseph, Jr.
Publication Date
1977

Peer reviewed
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University of California
A Contrastive Study of the Grammatical Structures of Aymara and Cuzco Kechua
By
Joseph Orville Davidson, Jr.
A.B. (Brigham Young University) 1969
M.A. (Brigham Young University) 1971
C.Phil. (University of California) 1975
DISSERTATION
Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
Linguistics
in the
GRADUATE DIVISION
of the
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
Approved :
^ VVcrt uV C i <
v '
Committee in Charge
DiGREE CONFERRED JUNE 18, 1977
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My research has been greatly aided by three
special people:
Robert W. Blair, whose love for Native American
languages and cultures and ffa ir for drawing up pro­
posa 18 resulted in my in itia l attraction to the field
and subsequent fie ld work among the Aymara;
Mary R, Haas - scholar, teacher and great human
being, whose linguistics courses at Berkeley provided
incomparable training and intellectual stimulation,
and whose student I am proud to have been; and
John H. Rowe, whose unsurpassed knowledge of
things Andean furnished much useful grist for my in­
vestigations.
To these three especia11y, and to the I inguisties
faculty and students at Berkeley, I acknowledge my
indebtedness.
To my parents, whose love, patience and understand­
ing have sustained me, this work is dedicated.
I i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
000 Introduction 1
010 Previous studies 1
020 Genetic affilia tio n s 2
030 The Aymara and Kechuap eoples 9
040 Theoretical orientation of this study 11
050 Purpose of this study 13
100 Phonology 15
110 Root syllable structure 15
120 Canonical shapes 16
121 Roots 16
122 Suffixes 16
130 Phonemic inventory 17
131 Consonants 20
131.1 Stops and affricates 20
131.2 Fricatives 26
131.3 Nasa 1 s 27
131.4 Laterals and flap 28
131.5 Semivowe1s 29
132 Vowels 29
133 Vowe I length 31
140 Stress 33
150 Metathesis 34
160 Root consonant clusters 35
111
170 Morphophonemics 44
171 Aymara 45
171.1 Phonological 45
171.2 Morphological 47
171.3 Syntactic 49
172 Cuzco Kechua 50
172.1 Phonological 50
172.2 Morphological 52
200 Structura I overview 55
210 Root classes 55
211 Substantive 55
212 Verb 56
213 Particle 57
214 Ambiguous 58
220 Suffix class ordering on roots 60
230 Reduplication 62
240 Compounding 67
250 Word order 71
300 The semantic domains of substantival
suffixes 73
310 Personal possessives 74
320 Plural 75
321 General 75
322 Distributive 76
330 Relations Is 78
î V
331 Substantive-verb relations 78
331.1 Subject 78
331.2 Complement 79
331.3 Goal 81
331.4 Source 84
331.5 Beneficiary/purposive 85
331.6 Cause 89
331.7 Instrument 91
331.8 Location 93
331.81 • in, at* 93
331.82 *up to, as far
as, u n ti1 * 95
331.83 'place* ( indef.) 96
331.84 'exactly in a
place* 97
331.85 'side* 98
331.86 'across, front* 98
331.87 'around* 99
331.88 'over, on* 99
331.89 'beside* 100
332 Substantive-substantive
relations 101
332.1 Conjunction and comi-
tation 101
332.2 Possession 103
340 Possessor 105
350 Resembler 108
360 Includer 110
370 Augmentative and diminutive 112
371 Augmentative 112
372 Diminut i ve 114
380 Miscellaneous 114
381 Aymara 115
381.1 -oaca^ 'the same, the
very, itse I f 115
381.2 -wisa 'w ithout, lacking' 116
381.3 “ Oata 116
381.4 117
-£i2
381.5 -ka 117
381.6 -ha quantity 117
381.7 -c'a size 118
381.8 -kuca contrastive 'but' 119
Cuzco Kechua 120
382.1 -nka d istrib u tiv e 120
382.2 -qi honored status 121
382.3 "ku 122
382.4 -ka 123
382.5 -DU benefactive 124
382.6 -va developmental 125
382.7 -ËÊ.2 126
Vi
382.8 -ma 126
382.9 - la mild pejorative 127
382.10 -wa 127
382.11 -su 128
382.12 -tu 129
382.13 - H 129
382.14 -Tu 130
382.15 - fn)ti pejorative 130
382.16 - ru agentîve 131
382.17 - ci causative 131
382.18 - npa temporal or spatial
position 131
390 Substantivals uffix ordering 132
391 Aymara 132
392 Cuzco Kechua 138
400 The semantic domains of verbal suffixes 145
410 Derivational 146
4 l1 Shared domains 146
411.1 Interactionals 146
411.11 Person causative 146
411.12 Reflexive 147
411.13 ReciprocaI 150
411.14 Beneficiary 152
411.2 AspectuaIs 153
411.21 Inceptive 153
vil
411.22 Progressive 154
411.23 Multiple repeti­
tion 155
411.24 Resu I ta tive 158
411.3 Directionais 159
411.31 Inward 160
411.32 Cislocative/
translocative 160
412 Aymara domains 162
412.1 Interactions Is 163
412.11 victimary 163
412.12 Attentive 164
412.2 AspectuaI s 165
412.21 Momentaneous 165
412.22 Completive 166
412.23 Non-comple ti ve 166
412.24 Serial 168
412.3 Directionais 169
412.31 Upward 171
412.32 Downward 171
412.33 Outward 172
412.34 Across 173
412.35 Purposeful d if­
fuse 174
412.36 Non-purposefuI
diffuse 174
Vf I I
412.37 Spread/scatter
outward from a
point 175
412.38 Gather inward to
a point 176
412.39 Action at a dis­
tance and action
away from the
sub ject 176
412.4 Locations Is 179
412.41 Place down 179
412.42 Hold 179
412.43 Action on top of
or above 180
412.44 Action below or
underneath 181
412.5 Divide or split up 181
412.6 Prepare for the action 182
412.7 Miscellaneous unproductive
suffixes 183
412.71 -k i, - i l , - nki 183
412.72 - oa_. - pava 184
413 Cuzco Kechua domains 185
413.1 Assistive interactional 185
413.2 AspectuaIs 186
413.21 Durâtive 186