A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period

281 Pages·2014·3.998 MB·English

by  Avi Hurvitz, Leeor Gottlieb, Aaron Hornkohl, Emmanuel Mastéy

A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew
Supplements
to
Vetus Testamentum
Editor in Chief
Christl M. Maier
Editorial Board
R.P. Gordon
J. Joosten
G.N. Knoppers
A. van der Kooij
A. Lemaire
S.L. McKenzie
C.A. Newsom
H. Spieckermann
J. Trebolle Barrera
N. Wazana
S.D. Weeks
H.G.M. Williamson
VOLUME 160
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vts
A Concise Lexicon of
Late Biblical Hebrew
Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the
Second Temple Period
By
Avi Hurvitz
In collaboration with
Leeor Gottlieb, Aaron Hornkohl and Emmanuel Mastéy
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hurvitz, Avi.
 A concise lexicon of late biblical Hebrew : linguistic innovations in the writings of the Second Temple
period / by Avi Hurvitz ; in collaboration with Leeor Gottlieb, Aaron Hornkohl and Emmanuel Mastey.
  pages cm. — (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, ISSN 0083-5889 ; v. 160)
 Includes bibliographical references.
 ISBN 978-90-04-26611-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26643-8 (e-book : alk. paper) 1. Hebrew
language—Grammar, Comparative. 2. Hebrew language, Post-Biblical—Grammar, Comparative. 3. Hebrew
language, Talmudic—Grammar, Comparative. 4. Aramaic language—Grammar, Comparative. 5. Bible. Old
Testament—Language, style. 6. Rabbinical literature—History and criticism. I. Title.
 PJ4564.H87 2014
 492.4’7—dc23
2014005274
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issn 0083-5889
isbn 978 90 04 26611 7 (hardback)
isbn 978 90 04 26643 8 (e-book)
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in the production of this dictionary.
∵

Contents
Preface  ix
Prolegomenon  1
Structure of the Entries  14
List of Abbreviations and Sigla  18
תרֶגֶּאִ  25 תיוִזָ  103
רדָאֲ  28 )ה(בוֹט)ל( + √רכז  106
ןֹכּרְדַאֲ  31 √ןמז  109
הזֶ רחַאַ / תאֹז (לכָּ) ירֵחֲאַ  34 ןמַ זְ  112
ןיאֵ + inf.  36 ןזַ  115
לוּלאֱ  40 √הפח  117
לאֵרָשְׂ יִ ץרֶאֶ  42 תבֵטֵ  120
√להב  45 √שׂחי  122
ץוּבּ, ץבֻּ  48 שׂחַיַ  125
הזָּבִּ  52 םיִלַשָ וֹּריְ  127
הרָיבִּ, תינִרָיבִּ  55 עַוּשׁיֵ  130
רצָוֹא(הָ) תיבֵּ  58 √טשי  133
תרֶפֹּ כַּהַ תיבֵּ  60 דחָאֶכְּ  136
שׁדָּקְמִ תיבֵּ  62 ולֵסְכִּ  140
תוֹרבָקְ תיבֵּ  65 √סעכ  142
םישִׁ דָקֳּהַ שׁדֶֹק תיבֵּ  68 ןוֹצרְכִּ )√השע(  145
ןיָנְבִּ  70 בתָכְּ  147
√תעב  72 ןיאֵלְ  150
השָׁ קָּבַּ  74 )דאֹ מְ ( הבֵּרְהַלְ  152
׳ה התָּאַ ךְוּרבָּ  77 דאֹ מְ בֹרלָ  153
רבָּזְגִּ  79 הלָעְמַלְוּ . . . מִ   154
זנֶגֶּ  81 רמָ אֲמַ   156
ךְזַנְגַּ  84 עדָּמַ   159
√חוד  86 שׁרָדְמִ   161
דיוִדָּ  88 תוּכלְמַ   165
ןוֹמכְּרְדַּ  92 םיטִּעַמְ   171
קשֶׂ מֶרְדַּ  94 ברָעֲמַ   173
√שרד  98 האָוּבנְ  176
תדָּ  101 √בדנ  179
viii contents
ןסָינִ  182 √לבק  213
השָּׁ אִ + √אשׂנ  185 √םוק  217
ףוֹס  188 √הרק  221
ןוָיסִ  191 יוּארָ  223
השֶ מֹ רפֶסֵ  193 טבָשְׁ   226
. . . לְ דעַ  196 √טלשׁ  228
הרָזָעֲ  199 ןוֹטלְשִׁ   231
םגָתְפִּ  202 טילִּ ַשׁ  234
הרָוּצ  205 ךְירִכְתַּ  237
ריפִצָ  208 דימִלְתַּ  239
ךְרֶֹצ  210 תינִעֲתַּ  241
Bibliography: Works Cited in the Lexicon  244
Preface
Although numerous dictionaries of Biblical Hebrew (BH) are available to us, no
attempt has yet been made to publish a lexicon devoted specifically to Late Biblical
Hebrew (LBH), i.e., to that linguistic stratum of Hebrew that begins to appear on the
Biblical scene no earlier than the Second Temple period (fifth century BCE), after the
fall of the Judaean monarchy. LBH thus constitutes a link between the Bible and post-
Biblical Talmudic literature; hence, it has immense importance for the whole spec-
trum of Jewish literature at this period of time. The significance of the Lexicon for
Jewish studies is prominent in five disciplines: Hebrew linguistics, Biblical philology,
Qumran studies, Talmudic literature, and Rabbinic liturgy—all of which rely heavily
on the lexical analysis of terminology and phraseology.
The proposal for this project was approved in 2003 by the Israel Science Foundation,
which is administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. I am
indebted to the Academy for its generous support in realizing this project. The actual
composition of the Lexicon and all the concomitant administrative work was con-
ducted at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, to which I also express my sincere grati-
tude. In subsequent years, the project received encouragement and financial support
from Dr. Albert D. Friedberg of Toronto, to whom I owe much thanks for his generosity.
I am also grateful to Mr. W. Mark Lanier of Houston, Texas, who showed great interest
in promoting the work on the Lexicon and whose financial assistance enabled us to
complete the manuscript. It was also Mr. Lanier’s initiative to include our Lexicon in a
monograph series to be published by Brill. Moreover, I would like to extend my abun-
dant gratitude to Dr. Weston Fields, a dear friend and colleague, for his indispensable
support and perseverance in the final years of our project.
This volume is the result of the joint efforts of my dedicated research team. Each
member made an invaluable contribution to the project according to his specific field
of expertise: Dr. Leeor Gottlieb, who participated in the project from its inception,
amassed much of the Biblical, Qumranic, and Rabbinic textual material and meticu-
lously organized the initial basic outline of the work; Dr. Aaron Hornkohl masterfully
treated the extra-Biblical non-Rabbinic material (the Documents from the Judaean
Desert, epigraphical inscriptions, Imperial Aramaic papyri, and more) and was also in
charge of compiling the modern scholarly literature; Mr. Emmanuel Mastéy, erudite in
Rabbinic literature, was responsible for the Rabbinic quotations as well as for arrang-
ing the Biblical and Rabbinic references for publication. All the members of the team
made significant contributions to the “Comments” section, which concludes the analy-
sis and evaluation of the linguistic sources and the relevant scholarly literature.
The final manuscript of the Lexicon was skillfully edited by Ḥani Davis, who enhanced