Table Of ContentA COMPARISON OF ERRORS MADE BY COLLEGE FRESHMEN ON THE
COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM, AID XI THEMES
m
m S l m PEAK VORDENBEHO-
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the require
ments for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
in the Graduate School,
Indiana fjfciversity,
August, J1950
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Accepted by the faculty of the graduate School of Indiana
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degree of Doctor of Philosophy#
MiJBfKu ntTwwu. ■<, ,1
Director of thesis N*~
Doctorate Committee* Chairman
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The writer wishes to express hit sincere
appreciation to Br* Melvin S* Lewie for hie guidance
in the preparation of this dissertation and for his
encouragement and inspiration as a teacher and
counselor#
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TABU 00HTEHT3
OhSptSP Page
I. naaooooTios # ............... . 1
Introduction and Stataoant of Problan * * • . i1
Dalinltatloa
Oaaa and Valuaa of Study •
Souraaa of Data ........ • . . • . • 6
Proaadura ........ 8
ftalatad Studlaa — Tha Taaahing of Eagllab
Composition # * * f * * *« - ♦ * « « ♦ • XO
*
Related $tudits — Meohaaiss of English # • * 15
Related studies — Evaluailon and testing « « 39
Related Studies — English Proficiency and
: Gollag* succeaa and Choice of Major .. . * 21
II. ANALYSIS OF ERRORS * « * * * « • i # « « * * • 84
Error* Mad# by Student* on the Cooperative
English Test* For® PM* and in Theme* toy
Group* 85
Group if Error® in Grammar and Diction . * • 29
Group Rs Error* in Punctuation * * « * • « * 35
Group 0f Errors in Capitalization and
Meehan!** * * * # « ■ * # # * * # # # * * • * * 42
Group B» Error* In Sentone* Structure ♦ * . * 43
Group Is Spelling Error* • » • • * • • • * * 54
Group Ft General Error* « » * » * * » « * . * 58
General Smsary of Observations Based on the
Result* of Comparing Error* Made toy Student*
on the Cooperative English test and in
Theme* * « « * * » * * * • « * • » • # • * 59
XXI. THE RELATIONSHIP WftKH VARIOUS STUDENT
FACTORS AND GRADES IN COLLEGE ENGLISH
COMPOSITION * , « » » * + « * * * * « « , « . 84
Description of the Student Group « * * » « * 64
Grades in college English Composition
Courses and Educational and Ability
Faster* * * * # #, ♦ * # » * » « » « . * • * 69
Grade* in College English CompositiQn
Courses and Personal Factor* # ♦ .......... 75
Grade* In College English Composition
Course* and Socio-economic Faster* • « # • • 80
Smeary of Relationship* * « • * * » « • • * » 86
lv
Chapter ***•
IV, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE ON THE
COOPERATIVE MOUSE TEST* FORM FI, ARP
EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS, SO CIO-
ECONOMIC STATUS, AND PERSONAL FACTORS « • . . 90
The Relationship between Results bn the
Cooperative English Test, Foma PM, and
Educational and Ability Factors » » * * » 91
Decile Score# on the cooperative ^uglish
Teat, Fora PM, and Personal Factor# * « « .« 94
Decile scores on the Cooperative English
feet, sons PM, and socio-economic Statue * 100
Summary of Relationship# « « •* * » * « . • XQ6
V# THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE ON THE
COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST 02 AND EDUCATIONAL
AND ABILITY FACTORS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS,
AND PERSONAL FACTORS . 109
The Relationship between Results on the
Cooperative English Test 02 and
Educational and Ability Factors * • » « » « 110
Deelle Score# on the Cooperative English
Teat 02 and Personal Factors * « » • » • * 113
Decile Score# on the Cooperative English
Test 02 and Socio-economic Statu# • • « * • 119
Summary of Relationships • « « * * * , » » , 124
VI, SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND HECOMMENDATIONS . 12?
Analysis of Errors * « » , * » » * * # * « * 127
Findings Based on the Analysis of the
Errors by Croups • * * * « • « * , . * » * 128
Findings Based on the Analysis of Errors in
arasmiar and Diction * « « # * * * * * * * « 129
Findings Based on the Analysis of Errors in
Punctuation • » , * • * « • • » » « • « • 130
Findings Based on the Analysis of Errors in
Capitalisation and Mechanics • * * • * « , 130
Findings Based on the Analysis of Errors in
Sentence Structure 131
Finding# Based on spelling Errors « « « • « * 132
Findings Based on General Errors 132
Findings Based on the Relationship between
Educational and Ability Factors and Grades
in College English Composition and Scores
on the Objective English Tests * « # « • » 134
v
Chapter Page
Findings Based an the Relationship between
Personal Factors and Grades In College
English Composition and Scores on the
Qbjeetir# English feats . . . . . . . . . . 136
Findings Based on the Relationship between
Socio-economic status and Grades in
College English Composition and Scores on
the Objective English Tests . . . . . . . . 139
Recommendations for Further Research * * • * 1*2
3IBLI0GRAFKX............... . • ...... 1*4
APPENDIX.......... 151
▼1
list OF TABLES
Fag*
TaDl*
ERRORS KAOS BY 200 COLLEGE FRESHMEN ON THE 00*
OPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORK PM, A!® IN THEMES,
BY GROUP TYPES , . . . . ........ . .............. 26
or
II, classification errors in grammar and dictioh
(group a) Made on the cooperative English test,
FORM PM, AND IN 600 THEMES ........ 30
XXI, CLASSIFICATION OF ERRORS IN PUNQTUATIGN (GROUP B)
MADE ON THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM,
AND IN 600 THEMES .......... 36
CLASSIFICATION OF ERRORS IN CAPITALIZATION AND
MECHANICS (OROUP 0} MADE ON THE COOPERATIVE
ENOLISH TEST, FORM PM, AND IN 600 THEMES . . . 63
CLASSIFICATION OF ERRORS IN SENTENCE STRUCTURE
(CROUP D) BADS ON THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST
AND IN 600 THEMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
VI. classification of errors IN SPELLING (GROUP E)
MADE ON THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM,
AND IN 600 THEMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
VII. INTERCQRRELATIONS AMONG THE AVERAGE GRADES IN
COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION COURSES AND EDU
CATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . . . JO
VIII. BETA COEFFICIENTS, INDEX OF DETERMINATION, AND
MULTIPLE CORRELATION OF AVERAGE COLLEGE ENGLISH
COMPOSITION COURSE GRADES AND EDUCATIONAL AND
ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . . . . . . . . . 72
VIlKa). BETA COEFFICIENTS AND SQUARES OF THE COEFFICIENTS
OF AVERAGE COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION COURSE
GRADES AND EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS OF
200 FRESHMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73a
IX* BETA COEFFICIENTS, INDEX OF DETERMINATION, AND
MULTIPLE CORRELATION OF AVERAGE COLLEGE ENGLISH
COMPOSITION COURSE GRADES AND EDUCATIONAL AND
ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 COLLEGE FRESHMEN . . . . . 74
IX(a). BETA COEFFICIENTS AND SQUARES OF THE COEFFICIENTS
OF AVERAGE COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION COURSE GRADES
AHD EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN 74a
X. AVERAGE GRADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND AVERAGE AGE OF 200 FRESHMEN, PERCENTAGE
OF MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS, AND NUMBER OF CLUBS
BELONGED TO IN HIGH SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
XI. AVERAGE GRADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO
FORK EXPERIENCE, VOCATIONAL OHOICE, AND VETERAN
STATUS .......................... . 77
Table Pag*
<X<X 3^ AVERAGE WADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING
MAJOR CHOICES BY COLLEGES . . . . . . . . . . 78
sail,
average Grades in college English composition
COURSES AID NUMBER OF SEMESTER HOURS CARRIED BY
200 FRESHMEN * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxv.
AVERAGE WADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND AVERAGE SCHOOL GRADE COMPLETED 31
FATHERS OF 200 FRESHMEN AMD RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS
WHICH THEY REPRESENT . . .. . * * * . . . . . . 81
XV. AVERAGE GRADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AMD PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING
TO SIZE OF HIGH SCHOOL FROM WHICH THEY GRADUATED 82
XVI, AVERAGE GRADE IN Q0U2GE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND PERCENTAGE OF SCO FRESHMEN WHOSE
FATHERS* OCCUPATIONS FALL WITHIN THE VARIOUS
CENSUS CLASSIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
XVXI. AVERAGE GRADE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COMPOSITION
COURSES AND PERCENTAGES OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING
to
Types of bousing accommodations at college . » .
XVIII. XNT ERCQRRELATI ON S AMONG THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH
TEST, FORM PM, AND EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS
OF 200 FRESHMEN . ............................ 92
XXX. BETA COEFFICIENTS, COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION,
AND MULTIPLE CORRELATION OF THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH
TEST, FORM PM, AND EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS
OF 200 FRESHMEN * • 93
XIX(a) BETA COEFFICIENTS AND SQUARES OF THE COEFFICIENTS
OF THE SQQPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM, AND EDUCA
TIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . . . . 96a
XX. DECILES ON THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PH,
AND AVERAGE AGS OF 200 FRESHMEN, PERCENTAGE OF MALE
AND FEMALE STUDENTS, AND NUMBER OF CLUBS BELONGED
TO IN HIGH SCHOOL ................ .............
Yft
AA«i DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM, AND
PERCENTAW OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO WORK EX
PERIENCE, VOCATIONAL CHOICE, AND VETERAN STATUS . . 97
XXIX. DECILES ON THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FORM PM,
AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO MAJOR
CHOICES 1Y COLLEGES ........ ................ 99
▼ill
p«e«
Tatol#
XXIII. DE0ILK8 OS THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST, FOBS
PM, AMD AVERAGE SCHOOL G:;ADB COMPLETED BY
FATHERS OF 200 FRESHMEN AND RESIDENTIAL DIS
TRICTS m i m THEY REPRESENT.......... .. XQX
XXXV* DECILES OS COOPERATIVE ENGLISH IBS®, FORM PS,
ASS PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING 10 SIZE
103
OF HIGH SCHOOLS FROM MICH THEY GRADUATED........
m . DECILES OH COOPISASIVB ENGLISH IESI, FORM PM, AMD
PERCENTACE OF 200 FRESHMEH WHOSE FATHERS' OCCUPA
TIONS FALL INTO HUE VARIOUS CENSUS CLASSIFICATIONS 105
XXVI. INTERGORHELATIOHS AMONG THE COOPERATIVE ENGLISH
TEST 02, FORM 3, AND EDUCATIONAL AND ABILITY
FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . . . . . . . ........ u o
XXVII. BETA COEFFICIENTS, THE COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINA
TION, AND MCI® IP US CORRELATION OF COOPERATIVE
ENGLISH TEST 02, FORM S, AND EDUCATIONAL AND
ABXLITT FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . ............ .. 112
XXVXIta)* ®TA COEFFICIENTS AND SQUARES OF THE COEFFICIENTS
OF COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST C2, FORM S, AND EDUCA
TIONAL AND ABILITY FACTORS OF 200 FRESHMEN . . . . U 3
XXVIII. DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST C2, FORM 8,
AND AVERAGE AGE OF 200 FRESHMEN, PERCENTAGE OF
MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS, AND NUMBER OF CLUBS BE
LONGED TO IN HIGH SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
XXIX, DECILES Cm COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST 02, FORM S,
AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO WORE
EXPERIENCE, VOCATIONAL CHOICE, AND VETERAN STATUS . 116
XXX. DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST 02, FORM S,
AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO CHOICES
OF MAJORS BY COLLEGES ........ .. 118
XXXI. DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST 82, FORM S,
AND AVERAGE SCHOOL GRADE COMPLETED BY FATHERS OF
200 FKESiMRH AND RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS
REPRESENTED , , , 120
XXXII. DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST 02, FORM S,
AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN ACCORDING TO SIZE
OF HIGH SCHOOL FROM WHICH THEY GRADUATED . . . . . 121
XXXIII. DECILES ON COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEST C2, FORM S,
AND PERCENTAGE OF 200 FRESHMEN WHOSE FATHERS*
OCCUPATIONS FALL WITHIN THE VARIOUS CENSUS
CLASSIFICATIONS ...................... .......... 123
Ix
