Table Of ContentA Companion to Byzantium and the West, 900–1204
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Brill’s Companions to the
Byzantine World
Managing Editor
Wolfram Brandes
volume 10
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcbw
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A Companion to
Byzantium and the West,
900–1204
Edited by
Nicolas Drocourt
Sebastian Kolditz
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover Illustration: (The so-called) Limburger Staurothek, c. 968–985. With kind permission of the
Dom- und Diözesanmuseum Limburg. ©Photo: Michael Benecke
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Drocourt, Nicolas, editor. | Kolditz, Sebastian, editor.
Title: A companion to Byzantium and the West, 900–1204 / edited by Nicolas
Drocourt, Sebastian Kolditz.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2022] | Series: Brill’s companions
to the byzantine world, 2212–7429 ; vol. 10 | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021042330 (print) | LCCN 2021042331 (ebook) | ISBN
9789004498792 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004499249 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Byzantine Empire—Relations—Europe, Western. | Europe,
Western—Relations—Byzantine Empire. | Byzantine
Empire—History—1081–1453. | Byzantine Empire—Civilization.
Classification: LCC DF547.E85 C66 2022 (print) | LCC DF547.E85 (ebook) |
DDC 303.48/2495040902—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021042330
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021042331
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 2212-7429
ISBN 978-90-04-49879-2 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-49924-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2022 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink,
Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau Verlag and V&R Unipress.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
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Contents
Preface ix
Notes on Contributors x
Introduction: Approaches to Byzantine-Western Relations in the Period
from the Late 9th Century to 1204: Some Introductory Remarks 1
Nicolas Drocourt and Sebastian Kolditz
Part 1
Perceptions and Linguistic Aspects
1 Knowledge of the West in Byzantine Sources, c.900–c.1200 31
Jonathan Shepard
2 The Image of the Greeks in Latin Sources 85
Hans-Werner Goetz
3 Linguistic Competence, Diplomacy and Diplomatics 108
Christian Gastgeber
Part 2
The Two Empires and Italy: Political and Ecclesiastical Relations
4 Byzantine-Western Relations in the Political and Ecclesiastical Spheres
in Later Carolingian Times 137
Klaus Herbers
5 Beyond Liudprand and Theophano: Aspects of Western-Byzantine
Relations in Ottonian and Salian Times 148
Sebastian Kolditz
6 Byzantium, Rome and the Papacy: A History of Ecclesiastical
Separation 192
Axel Bayer
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vi Contents
7 Komnenoi and Staufer: Ambition and Confrontation 215
Leonie Exarchos
8 Political and Cultural Encounters between Byzantium and the Normans,
11th–12th Centuries 247
Eleni Tounta
Part 3
Byzantium and a Multifaceted Latin World
9 Byzantium and Scandinavia 273
Daniel Föller
10 Byzantium and England, c.900–1204 300
Christopher Hobbs
11 Byzantium and the Iberian Peninsula. From the Capture of the Balearic
Islands to the Fourth Crusade 325
Juan Signes Codoñer
12 Byzantium and France 357
Savvas Neocleous
13 Latins in Byzantium and Orthodox Christians in the Crusader States,
1096 to 1190 391
Johannes Pahlitzsch
Part 4
Agents and Objects
14 Travellers, Diplomats, Interpreters and Others: Agents of Political
Relations 419
Nicolas Drocourt
15 Monastic Travel between the Byzantine Empire and the West:
The Italo-Greek Brokers, 10th–13th Century 446
Annick Peters-Custot
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Contents vii
16 Italian Traders in Byzantium, c.800–1204 471
David Jacoby
17 Jews as Cultural Brokers between Byzantium and the Latin West,
850–1200 AD 496
Saskia Dönitz
18 Objects of Desire: Exchange in Commodities and Gifts 513
Dominik Heher
General Bibliography 539
Index 555
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Preface
Some books have long histories. This is also the case with the present vol-
ume, the roots of which go back to 2014 when Stefan Burkhardt, at that time
researcher at the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, developed the first draft for
this volume’s structure together with Sebastian Kolditz, who had just joined
Heidelberg University. The first contributions arrived already in 2016: those
of Juan Signes Codoñer, Dominik Heher, Hans-Werner Goetz, Daniel Föller,
Nicolas Drocourt, Jonathan Shepard and Saskia Dönitz. But several changes
in the group of contributors emerged over the following years and led to some
major changes in the structure of the volume as a whole. We are very grate-
ful to a number of authors who readily joined the ongoing project and wrote
comprehensive articles in a relatively short period of time. Their readiness to
contribute helped us keep the basic structure of the volume and even enlarge
its contents in a very fortunate way. Furthermore, Stefan Burkhardt unfortu-
nately had to abandon his participation in the editorial activities due to new
professional duties in 2017, and Nicolas Drocourt kindly stepped in. It is thus
due to many troubled circumstances that the manuscript of this volume could
only be finished in summer 2020.
Against this background we wish to express our deep gratitude to all the
contributors whose cooperation and patience during a prolonged process
of editing we really appreciate, as well as to the anonymous reviewer of this
volume who provided us with many helpful suggestions, to Michael Mulryan
for copyediting the manuscript and to Alessandra Giliberto for her invaluable
support on the publisher’s part. We are particularly grateful to the series editor
Wolfram Brandes for his kind advise and to our colleague Stefan Burkhardt
whose conceptual ideas laid the basic foundations of this volume and the spe-
cific way it treats Byzantine-Western relations in the High Middle Ages.
Finally, we deeply regret that David Jacoby, an outstanding Byzantinist and
scholar of Mediterranean history, passed away before this volume, which con-
tains one of his last articles, could be published. It has been a great privilege for
us to work together with him. We also want to commemorate the late Filippo
Burgarella, a distinguished scholar of the Byzantine tradition in southern Italy,
who initially had accepted our invitation to contribute but passed away before
he could finish his article.
Sebastian Kolditz and Nicolas Drocourt
Heidelberg / Nantes, September 2020
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Notes on Contributors
Axel Bayer
studied history and Byzantine studies in Cologne and Rome and obtained his
Ph.D. in 2000. He is a historian and Byzantinist. His main field of research
is the history of the schism between the Churches of Rome and Constan-
tinople. His publications include the monograph Spaltung der Christen-
heit. Das sogenannte Morgenländische Schisma von 1054, several articles on
Byzantine-Western ecclesiastical relations, such as “Die Byzanzreise des
Erzbischofs Gebhard von Salzburg” (Byzantinische Zeitschrift 96 (2003)),
and the lemma “Schisma, 2. Orthodoxe Kirchen” (Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit 11
(2010)).
Juan Signes Codoñer
was Professor of Greek at the University of Valladolid (1996–2020) and is
currently a professor at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid (since
October 2020). He is president of the Spanish Society of Byzantine Studies.
He studied classical philology at the University of Salamanca and Byzantine
studies at the Freie Universität in Berlin (1987–89) and spent research stays
at the Universities of Vienna, Paris, Birmingham, and Oxford and at the
Dumbarton Oaks Centre in Washington. He has published monographs and
contributions on Byzantine history and historiography, Byzantine law, Greek
grammatical tradition, Homer, the origins and diffusion of the Greek alphabet,
and Hellenism in the Early Modern era.
Saskia Dönitz
is a researcher at the Institute for Judaic Studies at Goethe-University
Frankfurt. She specializes in medieval Jewish history and literature, Byzantine
Jewry, cultural transfer, reception history, and Jewish-Christian relations. Her
relevant publications include: Überlieferung und Rezeption des Sefer Yosip-
pon (2013); Transkulturelle Verflechtungen im mittelalterlichen Jahrtausend (as
co-author, 2016); and “Jüdisch-christliche Begegnungen in verschiedenen Kul-
turräumen des Mittelalters: Byzanz und Ashkenaz im Vergleich” (Frankfurter
Judaistische Beiträge 38 (2013)).
Nicolas Drocourt
is Associate Professor of Byzantine and Medieval History at the University of
Nantes (France). He published Diplomatie sur le Bosphore. Les ambassadeurs
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