Table Of ContentExLibris
OGDEN
C. K.
/
I
WERSJT
TELUGU READER
TO
ARDEN'S PROGRESSIVE
TELUGU GRAMMAR
A. H. ARDEN, M. A.
Christ's College, Cambridge. Fellow ofthe Madras University,
Secretary, C. M. S. South India.
MADRAS LONDON:
X;
TBLISHED AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN
KNOWLEDGE, 17, CHURCH ROAD, VEPERY, MADRAS.
AND BY TRUBNER & CO. LUDGATE HILL, LONDON. E. C.
1879.
COPYRIGHT.
Price fit. 3.
PREFACE.
The kind manner in which the "PROGRESSIVE TBLDGU GRAMMAR"
has been received, and the very favourable opinions* of it which
have been expressed by many competent Critics, have encouraged
the Author to publish this book of Exercises, which professes to be
ofan elementary character only. It consists of two parts.
PART I supplies the Telugu Student with numerous illustrations
of the rules taught in the successive chapters of PART II of the
Progressive Telugu Grammar, while at the same time it supplies a
useful series of progressive Exercises in colloquial Telugu. Besides
some explanatory foot-notes, more that 1500 references to the Grammar
are inserted in the text, which not only exemplify the rules, but also
help the Student to become familiar with the Grammar, and to refer
to the rules without difficulty.
The Exercises are written in colloquial Telugu, and most of the
conversations have been written by Natives, entirely ignorant of
English. They are therefore thoroughly idiomatic, and in accordance
with Native forms of thought and of expression, a feature which is
peculiarly wanting in most exercise books hitherto published, in which
the conversations are merely translations of essentially English con-
versations.
The Exercises are not very numerous, because the Author's great
desire is to impress upon the Student the supreme importance of
thoroughlymasteringwhatever is read. Eachexercise oughtto be studied
carefullyseveraltimes,andif committedtomemory, somuch thebetter.
PART II is merely atranslationoftheExercisesgiven in chapter xviii
of the Grammar.
The Manuscript has been circulated in several parts of the Telugu
country, and thus the book has been made suitable to all localities.
It has been read and revised by many competent persons, both
European and Native, and will, it is hoped, prove a valuable help
to the Telugu Student.
A. H. ARDEN.
* Seetheendofthisbook.
1C977:
COMPANION READER
TO
ARDEN'S TELUGU GRAMMAR.
PART
I.
Part I of this book consists of a series of Exercises in illus-
tration of the successive chapters of PART II of the Grammar.
Whilst studying chapters V and VI of the Grammar, the
Student should learn to the end of Exercise 8; but as the first
three Exercises are on pronunciation only, theymay also beread
with advantage immediately after mastering the Alphabet.
Exercise I.
This exercise is upon the pronunciation of the letters ex tf.
&. f$. $, ra. <2*. &>. Until these havebeen thoroughly mastered,
it is impossibletospeak Telugu correctly, for the chiefpeculiarity
in the sound of the language consistsin the rightpronunciation of
these letters. The meaning also of a word not unfrequently de-
pends upon whether the sound of the letter be harsh or smooth
;
e. g. &3o afountain, 5^ a fish-trap; T5"<5& he willnot come,
it will not come.
It is not too much to say that the great bulk of foreigners
pronounce these letters incorrectly. The reason often is that
the Native Munshi takes it for granted that a foreigner cannot
master them, and therefore he does not use sufficient care to
2
point out the exact pronunciation, or toexplain how that pronun-
ciation can beeffected by the vocal organs.
In pronouncing these letters much depends upon the right
position of the tongue. The following diagram therefore will
give much assistance.
In the above diagram, which shows the shape of the upper
part of the human mouth, x x represents the nose, y the upper
lip, a the front tooth in the upper row, b. 6. b. the roof of the
mouth, c the angle or corner in the roof of the mouth near the
back of the top row of front teeth.
I. The figure 1 marks the place where the upper side of the
tip of the tongue strikes against the roof of the mouth, in pro-
nouncing the English letters Z, n, d, t, and the Telugu letters
O, #. Pronounce the following words, carefully noticing the
position of the tongue lull, nun, dull, tun, ooSf, tfX". Hence
there is no difficulty in pronouncing o and K>, as they are
just the same as the English letters I and n. Carefully pro-
nounce the following words rftb pull (thou,) "3"ex> a leg,
>o a child, TT'tf fibre, $ work, So, a tax.
