Table Of ContentA Case-Based
Approach
to Knee Pain
A Pocket Guide to Pathology,
Diagnosis and Management
Michelle Leong · Grant Cooper
Joseph E. Herrera
Peter Murphy Editors
123
A Case-Based Approach
to Knee Pain
Michelle Leong • Grant Cooper
Joseph E. Herrera • Peter Murphy
Editors
A Case-Based
Approach
to Knee Pain
A Pocket Guide to Pathology,
Diagnosis and Management
Editors
Michelle Leong Grant Cooper
Department of Rehabilitation Princeton Spine and Joint Center
Mount Sinai Hospital Princeton, NJ, USA
New York, NY, USA
Peter Murphy
Joseph E. Herrera Princeton Spine and Joint Center
Department of Rehabilitation Princeton, NJ, USA
Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, NY, USA
ISBN 978-3-031-15355-6 ISBN 978-3-031-15356-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15356-3
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For Mark, Sandy, Tommy, and
Riley
Michelle Leong
For Ana, Mila, Lara, Luka,
Twinkle, and Lili
Grant Cooper
Tara, Cassandra, and Dr.
Maheep Vikram
Peter Murphy
Foreword
Scabbed knees were a badge of honor of sorts during our elemen-
tary years; however, as a reader of this manuscript you most likely
are wondering what the mechanism of injury was, and whether it
warrants an x-ray given the evidence of trauma. We start our lives
weight-bearing directly onto our knees, progress to scrapes and
bruises, and then load them daily while allowing gravity to play
its role too—all proof that knees are quite resilient.
As clinicians who are faced with the increasing incidence of
knee pain (which plagued 25% of adults 20 years ago, with a sig-
nificant increase in incidence over the last two decades), it is
important to become familiar with the anatomy of this joint and
the pathologies that can combat its many structures. With the most
subtle of misaligned movements, one is at risk of disrupting the
many structures that both protect and make up the joint. It is not
just activity that causes this magnificent joint to become the cen-
ter of a chief complaint, but also the lack of activity proving to be
just as harmful. I am confident that as you read through the pages
of this manuscript, you will widen your knowledge and ability to
differentiate between affected structures in your patients and the
cause of their pathology. Through this case-based approach, you
will have a greater understanding of the appropriate workup and
treatment for the most common diagnoses associated with knee
vii
viii Foreword
pain. With the shared expertise of these authors, I am confident
that you will be better equipped to treat any patient to walk
through your door seeking your help in treating their resilient,
indispensable knees.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Mariam Zakhary
New York, NY, USA
Acknowledgments
Thank you to my coeditors for the opportunity to collaborate on
this book. Thank you to the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, for
my valuable training in residency and fellowship. I have mentors
and friends for life. Thank you to my family and friends for all the
support.
Michelle Leong
It has been a pleasure to collaborate on this book. I want to first
thank my coeditors and all of the amazing authors who worked so
hard to make this book a reality. Thank you to my colleagues at
Princeton Spine & Joint Center for continuing to push, nurture,
and challenge me. And thank you to my family Ana, Mila, Lara,
Luka, Twinkle, and Lili for putting up with me when I disappear
into the study to write.
Grant Cooper
ix
x Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my amazing family, Sandra, Alex, Mikhayla,
and Andrew, for all of their continued love and support through
this journey. Thank you of course to my long-time friend, col-
league, and co-editor on this and so many other projects, Dr. Grant
Cooper. Thank you to all of our fantastic authors and other editors
who came together to make this book a success.
Joseph E. Herrera, DO, FAAPMR
Chair and Lucy G. Moses Professor
Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance
Mount Sinai Health System
Director of Sports Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Interventional Spine and Sports Medicine Division
Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance
I want to thank everyone who helped come together to make this
book possible. I am honored to be a part of this. A loving thank
you to my wife Tara and daughter Cassie. I’d also like to thank Dr.
Maheep Vikram whose mentorship through the years has been
invaluable.
Peter Murphy
Contents
1 Knee Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Laurenie Louissaint and Aditya Raghunandan
2 Ligament Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Monica Gibilisco, Prathusha Maduri,
and Richard G. Chang
3 Meniscus Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Amanda A. Kelly and Richard G. Chang
4 Osteoarthritis of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Aaron Bolds and Subhadra Nori
5 Patellofemoral Pathologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Caroline Varlotta and Ian O’Connor
6 Pediatric Knee Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Esha Jain and Elinor Naor
7 Outpatient and On-Field Evaluation
of Sports Trauma in the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Dustin C. Buller, Esha Jain, and Alexis Colvin
8 Knee Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Seth Probert and Aditya Raghunandan
xi
