Table Of ContentA BUDDHIST MANUAL
OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL ETHICS
OF THE FOURTH CENTURY B.C.
BEING
translation, now mabe for tljc §!irst time, from tt)C
Original 'jSPali,
OF THE
FIRST BOOK IN THE ABHIDHAMMA PITAKA
ENTITLED
DHAMMA-SANGANI
(COMPENDIUM OF STATES OR PHENOMENA).
TfflUtb Sntro&uctors JEssas an& motes
BY
CAROLINE A. F. RHYS DAVIDS, M.A.
Fellow of University College, London.
1
90336
• 31 IOREIENTAL REPRIN
A D
JL
,
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation
54, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi-55
First Indian edition 1975
Originally published in 1900
by Royat Asiatic Society
London
Published by
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation
54 Rani Jhansi Road
New Delhi-110055
Printed in India by
Skylark Printers
1 1355 Id-Gali Roail
New Delhi-110055
TO
EDWARD T. STURDY,
BY
WHOSE GENEROUS ASSISTANCE
THE EDITION OF THE COMMENTARY
HAS BEEN RENDERED ACCESSIBLE TO SCHOLARS,
A TRANSLATION OF THE TEXT TO READERS GEXERALtY,
THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED
WITH THE CORDIAL REGARD OF HIS FRIEND.
THE TRANSLATOR.
‘ Yaip kiiici dhammaqi abhijaniia
ajjhattaip athavapi Ijahiddhs.’
Sutta NipSta, 917.
‘ Api khvaham iivuso iniasmiiu yeva vyamamatte kalevare sanriimhi sa-
manake lokaiu paiiftapemi . . .'
Samyutta Nikaya, i. 62;= A., ii. 48.
‘ Kulhipainam vo bhikkhave iijanantehi dhamma pi vo pahiitabba, pag-eva
adhamma. ’
M ajjhima Nikhaya, i. 135.
‘ Der Buddhismus ist die emzige, eigentlich positivistisehe Religion die
uns die Gcschichte zeigt.’
Nietzsche.
‘ We shall find that every important philosophical reformation, after a time
of too highly strained metaphysical dogmatism or unsatisfying scepticism,
has been oeguii by some man who saw the necessity of looking deeper into the
mental cotistitution.’
(5. Ckoom Robertson.
CONTENTS.
PAOE
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ....................................................... xv
I. The Manual and the History of Psychology'. II. The Date of the
Manual (p. xviii). III. On the Commentaries and the Importance
of the AtthasalinI (p. xx). IY. On the Method and Argument of
the Manual (p. xxvi). V. On the Chief Subject of Inquiry—
Dhamma (p. xxxii). VI. On the Inquiry into Rupam and the
Buddhist Theory of Sense (p. xli.). VII. On the Buddhist Philo
sophy of Mind and Theory of Intellection (p. lxiii.). VIII. On the
Buddhist Notions of ‘ Good, Bad, and Indeterminate ’ (p. lxxxii.).
BOOK I.
THE GENESIS OF THOUGHTS (Cittuppada-kandam).
PART I.
GOOD STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
CHAPTER I.
The Eight Main Types of Thought relating to the Sensuous
Universe (Kama vac ar a - attha-m ahacitt ani) ... 1
CHAPTER II.
Good in relation to the Universe of Form (riipavacara-
kusalam) ... ... ... ... ... ... 48
Methods for inducing Jhana: I. The Eight Artifices. II. The
Stations of Mastery (p. 58). III. The Three First Deliver
ances (p. 68). IV. The Four Jhanas of the Sublime Abodes
(p. 65). V. The Jhana of Foul Things (p. 69).
CHAPTER III.
Good in relation to the Universe of the Formless (arupava-
cara-kusala m). The Four Jhanas connected with Form
less Existence (c a 11 a r i ar ii p a j j h a n ani) ... ... 71
X
CHAPTER IV.
PAG 2
Degrees of Efficacy in Good relating to the Three Realms ... 76
CHAPTER V.
Thought engaged upon the Higher Ideal (lokuttaram
cittam) ... ... ... ... ... ... 82
I. The First Path. II. The Second -Path (p. 95). IH. The
Third Path (p. 96). IV. The Fourth Path (p. 97).
PART II.
BAD STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
CHAPTER VI.
The Twelve Bad Thoughts (dvadasa akusalacittani) ... 98
PART III.
INDETERMINATE STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
CHAPTER I.
On Effect, or Result (vipako) ... ... ... ... 128
A. Good Karma. B. Bad Karma (p. 151).
CHAPTER II.
Action-thoughts (kiriya) ... ... ... ... 156
BOOK H.
FORM (r up aka n dam).
Introductory ... ... ... ... ... ••• 165
CHAPTER I.
Exposition of Form under Single Concepts (ekaka-niddeso) 168
CHAPTER II.
Categories of Form under Dual aspects—positive and negative
(duvidhena rupasangaho) ... ... ••• 172
CHAPTER III.
Categories of Form under Triple Aspects. Exposition of the
Triplets ... ... ... ... ... ••• 220
CHAPTER IV.
Categories of Form under Fourfold Aspects ... ... ... 232
xi
CHAPTER V.
PAGE
Category of Form under a Fivefold Aspect ... ... 241
CHAPTER VI.
Category of Form under a Sixfold Aspect ... ... ••• 244
CHAPTER VII.
Category of Form under a Sevenfold Aspect ... ... ... 245
CHAPTER VIII.
Category of Form under an Eightfold Aspect ... ... 246
CHAPTER IX.
Category of Form under a Ninefold Aspect ... ... ... 247
CHAPTER X.
Category of Form under a Tenfold Aspect ... ... ... 248
CHAPTER XI.
Category of Form under an Elevenfold Aspect ... ... 249
BOOK III.
THE DIVISION ENTITLED ‘ELIMINATION’ (nikkhepa-
kanda m).
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
The Group of'Triplets (tik a ip) ... ... ... ...2 50
CHAPTER II.
The Group on Cause (hetu-gocchakaip) ... ... 274
CHAPTER III.
The Short Intermediate Set of Pairs (ciilan tar a-dukam) ... 288
CHAPTER IV.
The Intoxicant Group (a s a v a - g o c c h a k a m) ... ... 291
CHAPTER V.
The Group of the Fetters (san no j an a - goc chakam) ...2 97
xii
CHAPTER VI.
The Group of the Ties (gantha-gocchakam) 304
CHAPTER VII.
The Group of the Floods (o g h a - g o c c h a k a m) 308
CHAPTER VIII.
The Group of the Bonds.(y o g a - g o c c h a k a m) 309
CHAPTER IX.
The Group of the Hindrances (nlvarana-gocchakain) 310
CHAPTER X.
The Group on Contagion (p ar a. ma s a - go c chakam) 316
CHAPTER XI.
The Great Intermediate Set of Pairs (m a h a 111 a r a • d u k a 111) 318
CHAPTER XII.
The Group on Grasping (upadana-gocchakam)... 823
CHAPTER XIII.
The Group on the Corruptions (kilesa-goccbakam) 327
CHAPTER XIV.
The Supplementary Set of Pairs (pitthiduka 111) ... 331
PART II.
The Suttanta Pairs of Terms (suttantika-dukam) 338
APPENDIX I.
On the Supplementary Digest appended to the Dhamma-Sangani.
and entitled, in the Commentary, the Atthakatha-
kandam or Atthuddharo 360
APPENDIX II.
On the term Uncompounded Element (a s a n k h a t a dhatu) 367
Indexes... 370
ABBREVIATIONS.
1. BUDDHIST CANONICAL BOOKS
A.—Anguttara-Nikaya.
C.—CuUavagga.
D.—Digha-Nikaya.
Dhp.—Dhammapada.
Dh. K.—Dhatu-Katha.
Dh. S.—Dhamma-Sangani.
J at.—"J ataka.
K.—Siamese (Kambodian) edition of the text.
K. V-—Katha Vatthu.
M.—Majjhima-Nikaya.
M. P. S.—Maha-Parinibbana Sutta (Childers).
P. P.—Puggala-Pannatti.
S.—Samyutt a- Nikay a.
S. N.—Sutta-Nipata.
Yin.—Vinaya.
2. OTHER BOOKS.
Abh. S.—Abhidhammattha-Sangaha.
Asl.—Atthasalini.
Div.—Divyavadana.
J. P. T. S.—Journal of the Pali Text Society.
J. E. A. S.—Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
M. B. V.—Maha Bodhi Vansa.
Mah.— Maha Yansa.
Mil.—Milinda Panho.
S. B. E.—Sacred Books of the East.
Sum.—Sum angala- Vilasini.
Vis. M.—Visuddhi Magga.
[By ‘ printed text,’ or simply ‘ text,’ is always meant the edition
published in 1885 by the Pali Text Society, unless otherwise stated.]
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY.
I.
The Manual and the History of Psychology.
If the tombs of Egypt or the ruins of Greece itself were
to give up, among their dead that are now and again being
restored to us, a copy of some manual with which the
young Socrates was put through the mill of current
academic doctrine, the discovery would be hailed, especially
by scholars of historical insight, as a contribution of
peculiar interest. The contents would no doubt yield no
new matter of philosophic tradition. But they would
certainly teach something respecting such points as pre-
Aristotelian logical methods, and 'the procedure followed
in one or more schools for rendering students conversant
with the concepts in psychology, ethics and metaphysic
accepted or debated by the culture of the age.
Readers whose sympathies are not confined to the shores
of the Mediterranean and zEgean seas will feel a stir of
interest, similar in kind if fainter in degree, on becoming
more closely acquainted with the Buddhist text-book
entitled Dhamma-Sangani. The English edition of the
Pali text, prepared for the Pali Text Society by Professor
Dr. Ed. Muller, and published fifteen years ago, has so
far failed to elicit any critical discussion among Pali
scholars. A cursory inspection may have revealed little
but what seemed dry, prolix and sterile. Such was, at
