50161-003: Environmental Impact Assessment

347 Pages·2017·6.05 MB·English

by  Asian Development Bank

Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft)

February 2018

BAN: Rupsha 800 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant
Project

Volume 1
(Component 1 – Rupsha 800 MW Gas-fired Combined
Cycle Power Plant)

Prepared by North-West Power Generation Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(as of 14 February 2018)

Currency unit – taka (Tk)
Tk1.00 = $0.0120548
$1.00 = Tk82.96

ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank
CCPP – combined cycle power plant
CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora
COD – chemical oxygen demand
DO – dissolved oxygen
DoE – Department of Environment
DPHE – Department of Public Health Engineering
ECA – Environment Conservation Act
ECC – Environmental Clearance Certificate
ECR – Environment Conservation Rules
EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP – Environmental Management Plan
EMoP – Environmental Monitoring Plan
HSD high speed diesel
IEE – Initial Environmental Examination
MoEF – Ministry of Environment and Forests
PMU – project management unit
RoW – right-of-way
SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
oC – degreescelsius
dB(A) – A-weighted decibel
ha – hectare
NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
lac – 100,000
kV – Kilovolt
MW – megawatt
mg/L – milligram per liter
m2 – square meter
µg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter
ppm – parts per million
GLOSSARY
Bangla – official language of Bangladesh
gher – farming where a pond is dug into a rice field to use for fish farming
and with the dugout soil used to create dykes around the pond
for growing vegetables (traditional agriculture system in
Bangladesh)
hydrostatic testing – process of filling a pipeline with water, or a mixture of water and
ethylene glycol or methanol to test the structural integrity of the
pipeline under pressure
khal – Bangla word for a small channel or canal
thana – sub-district level of government administration, comprising
several unions under the district
union – smallest unit of local self-government comprising several villages
upazila – Bengali for subdistrict (formerly called thana)

NOTE
In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed
herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and
may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this
website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation
of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian
Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any
territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 9

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 20

4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 53

5.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 151

6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 216

7.0 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION 225

8.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 232

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 234

10.0 HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT 279

11.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 320

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Relevant national environmental regulations
Table 2.2 Relevant international environmental agreements
Table 2.3 SPS 2009 environmental categorization
Table 2.4 Comparison of environmental safeguard principles
Table 3.1 List of environmentally listed areas with GPS locations
Table 3.2 Project implementation schedule
Table 3.3 Tentative cost of the project
Table 3.4 Material balance of the power plant project
Table 3.5 Description of Abandoned Structures in Khulna Newsprint Mills
Table 3.6 Material balance of the power plant project
Table 4.1 Comparison of ambient air quality standards
Table 4.2 Ambient air quality results at Khulna CAMS-9 station
Table 4.3 Results of ambient air quality measurements in the study area
Table 4.4 Ambient noise level measurements within and near project site
Table 4.5 Vibration levels in the project site
Table 4.6 Return period analysis for Bhairab River
Table 4.7 Available discharge in Bhairab River
Table 4.8 Results of in-situ surface water sampling (October 2016)
Table 4.9 Results of chemical analyses, surface water quality
Table 4.10 Results of in-situ groundwater quality sampling in the study area
Table 4.11 Results of groundwater quality analyses
Table 4.12 Flood profile of the study area
Table 4.13 Summary of erosion-accretion in the study area
Table 4.14 Categories of waterways in the study area
Table 4.15 AEZ within the PAI
Table 4.16 Land type within the study area
Table 4.17 Soil texture in the study area
Table 4.18 Soil salinity within the study area
Table 4.19 Results of soil salinity analysis within the study area
Table 4.20 Results of soil chemical analysis within the PAI
Table 4.21 Land use within the PAI
Table 4.22 Cropping pattern in the study area
Table 4.23 Crop area, yield, and production in the study area
Table 4.24 Fertilizer and pesticides use in the study area
Table 4.25 Land irrigated by type of crop in the study area
Table 4.26 Livestock and poultry in the study area
Table 4.27 Fish habitat in the study area
Table 4.28 Fish production in the study area
Table 4.29 Catch per unit effort
Table 4.30 Migratory fish species in the study area
Table 4.31 Indicative fish species diversity in the study area
Table 4.32 Bio-ecological zones in the study area
Table 4.33 Tree species within the project area
Table 4.34 Diversity of plant species in the project area
Table 4.35 List of butterfly species in the project area
Table 4.36 Benthos and planktons in Bhairab River
Table 4.37 Land-based sighting survey of Ganges River dolphin
Table 4.38 Encounter rate of dolphins
Table 4.39 Details of important dolphin areas
Table 4.40 Fish species of conservation status
Table 4.41 Water quality sampling stations
Table 4.42 Results of dophin survey
Table 4.43 Demographics in the study area
Table 4.44 Labor availability and wage rate in the study area
Table 4.45 Migration status in the study area
Table 5.1 Parameters for determining magnitude
Table 5.2 Criteria for determining sensitivity
Table 5.3 Significance of impact criteria
Table 5.4 Potential impacts and their significance
Table 5.5 Noise produced by construction equipment
Table 5.6 Vibration sources level for construction equipment
Table 5.7 Construction Vibration Damage Criteria
Table 5.8 Human Response to Transient Vibration
Table 5.9 Natural Gas Chemical Characteristics
Table 5.10 HSD Fuel Characteristics
Table 5.11 Emission rate standard from the stacks
Table 5.12 CALPUFF Study Area Coordinates (UTM Zone: N 45)
Table 5.13 Emission from the brick kilns
Table 5.14 Emission from the existing power plants
Table 5.15 Traffic Data (AADT) and Locomotives Used for Air Quality Modeling
Table 5.16 Emission Level of the Criteria Pollutants from the Roads and Railway
Table 5.17 Details of Sensitive Receptors
Table 5.18 Background Concentration of the Criteria Pollutants at CAMS
Table 5.19 Ambient air quality standard
Table 5.20 Emissions from the Proposed Power Plant (70% Plant Load Factor)
Table 5.21 Air Quality Modeling Data-CO
Table 5.22 Air Quality Modeling Data-SO
2
Table 5.23 Air Quality Modeling Data-NO
x
Table 5.24 Air Quality Modeling Data-PM
10
Table 5.25 Air Quality Modeling Data-PM
2.5
Table 5.26 Major Point Source Emission in the Project Area
Table 5.27 Maximum GLC of SO , PM and PM for cumulative case
2 10 2.5
Table 5.28 Annual GHG Emissions from Different Fuel Sources (70% PLF)
Table 5.29 Predicted Noise Level in Different Sensitive Locations in Scenario 1
Table 5.30 Flooding inundation profile surrounding the project area
Table 6.1 Comparison of “with project” and “no project” options
Kable 6.2 CO emissions by type of fuel
2
Table 6.3 Analysis of different cooling systems
Table 7.1 Location of consultations
Table 7.2 Perceptions of local people to Component 1
Table 7.3 Summary of consultations, 12-13 November 2016
Table 7.4 Summary of consultations, 21 October 2017
Table 9.1 Communication Plan Adopted for the Project
Table 9.2 OHSE Management Systems and Key Responsibilities Register
Table 9.3 Expectations from the EPC Contactor
Table 9.4 Mitigation Plan
Table 9.5 Tentative cost of EMP
Table 9.6 Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan during Demolition and Construction
Table 9.7 Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan during Operation
Table 9.8 Impact Auditing Plan
Table 9.9 Environmental Compliance Monitoring Cost
Table 9.10 Cost of Independent Auditor
Table 10.1 Potential hazard and risk during construction and erection
Table 10.2 Potential hazard and risk operation
Table 10.3 Potential hazard points and possible consequences
Table 10.4 Threat Zone of Vapor Cloud Formation
Table 10.5 Threat Zone of Vapor Cloud Formation (Flammable)
Table 10.6 Threat Zone of Thermal Heat Radiation of a Jet Fire from Gas Leak
Table 10.7 Threat Zone of Vapor Cloud Formation (Flammable)
Table 10.8 Hazard Magnitude Scale
Table 10.9 Criteria for Determining Frequency of the Potential Hazard
Table 10.10 Risk Matrix of Potential Hazards/Impacts
Table 10.11 Risk Management Plan
Table 10.12 Risk and Mitigation Measures
Table 10.13 List of Preparedness Measures
Table 10.14 Types of Trainings and Training Actions
Table 10.15 Training schedule that may be adopted for safety
Table 10.16 Emergency Response Escalation Protocol
List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Location map
Figure 1.2 Project implementation arrangements
Figure 2.1 Process of obtaining ECC
Figure 3.1 Layout of Component 1
Figure 3.2 Location of Component 1
Figure 3.3 Important environmental and social areas
Figure 3.4 Project implementation plan
Figure 3.5 Sites to be isolated
Figure 3.6 Process flow diagram of electricity generation
Figure 3.7 Water balance diagram of Component 1
Figure 3.8 Flow diagram of a reverse osmosis plant
Figure 3.9 Typical Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Figure 3.10 Typical Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Figure 4.1 Project’s area of influence
Figure 4.2 Project site location
Figure 4.3 Some structures left by KNM
Figure 4.4 Elevation map of the study area
Figure 4.5 Physiographic map of Bangladesh
Figure 4.6 Seismic map of Bangladesh
Figure 4.7 Climatic subregions of Bangladesh
Figure 4.8 Monthly temperature variation from Khulna Station (1985-2015)
Figure 4.9 Relative humidity from Khulna station (1985-2015)
Figure 4.10 Rainfall from Khulna station (1985-2015)
Figure 4.11 Sunshine hours from Khulna station (1985-2015)
Figure 4.12 Wind rose diagram
Figure 4.13 CAMS station of CASE project in Khulna City
Figure 4.14 Air quality sampling stations in the study area
Figure 4.15 River connectivity in the study area
Figure 4.16 Average monthly tide levels of Bhairab River at Afraghat
Figure 4.17 Average monthly levels of Rupsha-Passur River
Figure 4.18 Flooding situation
Figure 4.19 Available average discharge throughout the year
Figure 4.20 Map of water quality sampling stations
Figure 4.21 Average monthly groundwater depth (1978-2013)
Figure 4.22 Water quality sampling stations
Figure 4.23 Inundation in 1969 within the study area
Figure 4.24 Inundation in 1999 within the study area
Figure 4.25 River bank erosion and accretion in the study area
Figure 4.26 Location of river bank erosion-accretion in the study area
Figure 4.27 Navigation system within the study area
Figure 4.28 AEZ within the PAI
Figure 4.29 Land type within the study area
Figure 4.30 Soil texture within the study area
Figure 4.31 Soil salinity characteristics within the study area
Figure 4.32 Location of soil sampling
Figure 4.33 Land use map within the PAI
Figure 4.34 Agriculture in the study area
Figure 4.35 Livestock in the study area
Figure 4.36 Fresh and brackish water aquaculture in the study area
Figure 4.37 Fish habitat in the study area
Figure 4.38 Fishing gears and craft
Figure 4.39 Prawn post larva collectors
Figure 4.40 Fish migration routes in the study area
Figure 4.41 Fresh and brackish water fish species in the study area
Figure 4.42 Bio-ecological zone in the PAI
Figure 4.43 Vegetation in the project area
Figure 4.44 Butterfly species in the project area
Figure 4.45 Sightings of Ganges River dolphin close to project site
Figure 4.46 Global distribution of Ganges River dolphins
Figure 4.47 Dolphin occurrences in the study area
Figure 4.48 Study area for the dolphin survey
Figure 4.49 Important dolphin areas
Figure 4.50 Identified fishing areas
Figure 4.51 Map of water quality sampling stations
Figure 4.52 Area of river and pond water drinking people
Figure 4.53 Boys and girls school at the project site
Figure 4.54 Fishing catchment area of Chondoni mohal fishermen
Figure 5.1 Sound pressure level at different distances from the source
Figure 5.2 PPV and Lv with the distance
Figure 5.3 3D model of major project components
Figure 5.4 Air Modeling Domain
Figure 5.5 Sources and Sensitive Receptors
Figure 5.6 Wind-Rose Diagram of Last 3 Years (2013, 2014 and 2015)
Figure 5.7 NO dispersion modeling for project case
x
Figure 5.8 Noise level at different sensitive locations from project operation
Figure 5.9 Noise propagation modeling for daytime
Figure 5.10 Noise Propagation Modeling for nighttime
Figure 5.11 Post-project inundation due to river flood in 1969
Figure 5.12 Pre-project inundation due to river flood in 1999
Figure 6.1 Schematic diagram of a cooling system
Figure 6.2 Transportation routes for heavy and oversized equipment
Figure 7.1 Alternative relocation sites for the proposed school campus
Figure 10.1 Sequential Hazard Event from a Gas Leakage
Figure 10.2 Proposed gas distribution pipeline construction plan
Figure 10.3 Threat zone of toxic vapor cloud from gas pipeline failure
Figure 10.4 Threat zone of flammable vapor cloud resulted from leakage
Figure 10.5 Threat Zone of Thermal Heat Radiation of a Jet Fire from a Gas Leak
Figure 10.6 Threat Zone of Vapor Cloud Formation (Flammable)