5 Steps to a 5 AP Statistics, 2008-2009 Edition - CHHS Study Group

364 Pages·2008·2.07 MB·English

5
FIVE STEPS TO A
AP Statistics
Other books in McGraw-Hill’s 5 Steps to a5 series include:
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11 Practice Tests for the AP Exams
Writing the AP English Essay
5
FIVESTEPSTOA
AP Statistics
Duane C. Hinders
2008–2009
M G -H
C RAW ILL
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DOI: 10.1036/0071488561
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CONTENTS
Preface, ix
Acknowledgments, xi
About the Author, xii
Introduction: The Five-Step Program, xiii
The Basics, xiii
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program, 1
1 What You Need to Know About the AP Statistics Exam, 3
Background Information, 3
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Statistics Exam, 4
2 How to Plan Your Time, 10
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Statistics Exam, 10
Calendar for Each Plan, 12
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness, 15
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam, 17
AP Statistics Diagnostic Test, 19
Answers and Explanations, 29
Interpretation: How Ready Are You? 38
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success, 39
4 Tips for Taking the Exam, 41
General Test-Taking Tips, 42
Tips for Multiple-Choice Questions, 42
Tips for Free-Response Questions, 43
Specific Statistics Content Tips, 45
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High, 47
5 Overview of Statistics/Basic Vocabulary, 49
Quantitative versus Qualitative Data, 50
Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics, 50
Collecting Data: Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies, 51
Random Variables, 52
6 One-Variable Data Analysis, 55
Graphical Analysis, 56
Measures of Center, 62
Measures of Spread, 64
Position of a Term in a Distribution, 67
Normal Distribution, 70
vi ❯ Contents
7 Two-Variable Data Analysis, 87
Scatterplots, 87
Correlation, 89
Lines of Best Fit, 93
Residuals, 96
Coefficient of Determination, 98
Outliers and Influential Observations, 99
Transformations to Achieve Linearity, 100
8 Design of a Study: Sampling, Surveys, and Experiments, 113
Samples, 114
Sampling Bias, 116
Experiments and Observational Studies, 118
9 Random Variables and Probability, 134
Probability, 134
Random Variables, 139
Normal Probabilities, 143
Simulation and Random Number Generation, 145
Transforming and Combining Random Variables, 148
Rules for the Mean and Standard Deviation of Combined Random Variables, 148
10 Binomial Distributions, Geometric Distributions, and
Sampling Distributions, 162
Binomial Distributions, 162
Normal Approximation to the Binomial, 165
Geometric Distributions, 167
Sampling Distributions, 168
Sampling Distributions of a Sample Proportion, 172
11 Confidence Intervals and Introduction to Inference, 185
Estimation and Confidence Intervals, 186
Confidence Intervals for Means and Proportions, 189
Sample Size, 194
Statistical Significance and P-value, 196
The Hypothesis-Testing Procedure, 198
Type-I and Type-II Errors and the Power of a Test, 199
12 Inference for Means and Proportions, 215
Significance Testing, 216
Inference for a Single Population Mean, 218
Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Means, 221
Inference for a Single Population Proportion, 223
Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions, 225
13 Inference for Regression, 243
Simple Linear Regression, 243
Inference for the Slope of a Regression Line, 245
Confidence Interval for the Slope of a Regression Line, 247
Inference for Regression Using Technology, 249
Contents ❮ vii
14 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-square, 263
Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test, 263
Inference for Two-Way Tables, 268
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence, 285
AP Statistics Practice Exam 1, 289
AP Statistics Practice Exam 2, 319
Appendices, 333
Formulas, 334
Tables, 336
Bibliography, 340
Web sites, 341
Glossary, 342
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