2017 Antiviral gets the jump on coronaviruses

2017·1.11 MB·English

RESEARCH
Penton of human
cytomegalovirus capsid
Yu et al., p. 1350
IN SCIENCE JOURNALS
Edited by Caroline Ash
performance (a high saturation
on-state current >1.2 milliam-
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GLOBAL FIRE ACTIVITY
conductance >2 millisiemens
Burn less, baby, burn less
per micrometer) was delivered
by making end-bonded contacts
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a major impact on wildfire activity, molybdenum alloys. —PDS Do
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intensification. The decline of burned area gradients. The mature neural ien
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MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY the spleen and bone marrow, forests, not only by limiting get a bit messy in the middle. t 1
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Are better drugs just which are two tissue sources of populations of common species, Modeling the gene regula- , 2
leukemic cells. —PAK but also by strongly stabilizing tory network’s response as a 01
a click away? 8
Science, this issue p. 1397 populations of rare species, maximum likelihood estimation
Drugs that show promise in pre- which tend to show higher CNDD from the combined input of both
clinical models often fail in the in the tropics. —AMS morphogens, however, succeeds O
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ods to study the localization of dependence (CNDD). This Carbon nanotubes despite messy inputs. —PJH BR
bromodomain inhibitors. These ecological pattern is thought on the roadmap Science, this issue p. 1379 URE LI
are cancer drugs that alter to maintain higher species CT
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chromatin structure and gene diversity in the tropics. LaManna The formal challenge for high- RE
expression. Clickable derivatives et al. tested this hypothesis by performance transistors is to SPACE ROBOTS ATU
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of the drugs localized within comparing how tree species fit within ever smaller devices. Get a grip M)
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chromatin and showed that the diversity changes with the inten- They need to shrink from a Grabbing a smooth object OTT
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unresponsive genes. In a mouse (see the Perspective by Comita). fabricated tiny devices by using friction—something that P) Y
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mulate to different extents in erosion of biodiversity in tropical these nanotubes. High Imagine grabbing things in a RE
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1346 30 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6345 sciencemag.org SCIENCE
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low-gravity environment that modifications indicates that the
may also be under vacuum skulls were likely suspended by
IN OTHER JOURNALS Edited by Sacha Vignieri
conditions. In outer space, cords and displayed in a ritual
and Jesse Smith
neither vacuum nor sticky pads context. —MSA
may hold. Jiang et al. devised Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.1700564
a robotic gripper using gecko (2017).
feet–inspired dry adhesives
that can be activated or deac-
NEONICOTINOIDS
tivated by shearing motions.
Damage confirmed
Small adhesive patches can be
mechanically coupled to allow Early studies of the impacts
for load sharing over a large of neonicotinoid insecticides
area. By attaching these to a on insect pollinators indicated
wristlike structure that is stiff at considerable harm. However,
low forces, but becomes compli- lingering criticism was that the
ant at larger ones, objects can studies did not represent field-
be moved without damaging the realistic levels of the chemicals
adhesives. —MSL or prevailing environmental con-
Sci. Robot. 10.1126/scirobotics. ditions. Two studies, conducted
aan4545 (2017). on different crops and on two
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that neonicotinoids diminish n
ANTHROPOLOGY bee health (see the Perspective loa
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Neolithic Turkey that bees near corn crops are Spatial separation of fro
exposed to neonicotinoids for hormones across cells m
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Gresky et al. discovered a new especially when coexposed to ien
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PLANT EVOLUTION .s
the important site of Göbekli cal fungicide. Woodcock et al., c
Genomics trace plant gene evolution ie
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between 9600 and 8000 BCE. on rapeseed in Europe, find em
The site is distinguished by that neonicotinoid exposure M ADS-box genes have essential functions in plant ag
T-shaped monolithic pillars from several nontarget sources development and morphology. However, in plants, .o
found in massive megalithic reduces overwintering success as a result of multiple rounds of whole-genome o rg/
buildings. Three skulls were and colony reproduction in duplications combined with specific gene gains and n A
found that show signs of peri- both honeybees and wild bees. losses, the relationships and evolution of this gene u
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mortem modification, including These field results confirm that family have been difficult to trace. Zhao et al. applied a us
deeply incised grooves, circular neonicotinoids negatively affect network-based phylogenetic analysis examining synteny— t 1
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perforations, cut marks indica- pollinator health under realistic the location of genes and their relative position within the , 2
tive of defleshing, and, in one agricultural conditions. —SNV genome—across all identified MADS-box genes from 51 plant 01
instance, the application of red Science, this issue p. 1395, p. 1393; species. Through this analysis, the relationships, approxi- 8
ochre. The placement of these see also p. 1331 mate timing, gains and losses, and specific movements of
these genes within the genome could be traced. This allows
for a better understanding of how evolution has acted on a
key regulatory gene family in the plant kingdom. —LMZ
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OU Plant Cell 10.1105/tpc.17.00312 (2017).
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SCIENCE sciencemag.org 30 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6345 1347
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RESEARCH
ALSO IN SCIENCE JOURNALS
Edited by Caroline Ash
BIOENERGY an auditory critical period is only behavior in terms of their physi- the certified efficiency of 1-cm2
The promise of cellulose open in early postnatal days. cal properties and interactions solar cells to almost 20%.
The youthful brain tunes circuits depends on which quantum —PDS
Cellulosic bioenergy, obtained to sounds in its environment in statistics they obey. Photons, for Science, this issue p. 1376
from the lignocellulose that a way that the adult brain does instance, are bosons and tend to
makes up nearly half of plant not. This facility may form the bunch. Electrons are fermions
biomass, has considerable basis for childhood language and tend to antibunch. Vest et PLANT SCIENCE
potential as an environmentally acquisition in humans. Blundon al. show that surface plasmon Active transport of
friendly energy source, but it still et al. show that by manipulat- polaritons, a hybrid excitation of
aromas
requires substantial resources to ing adenosine signaling in mice, light and electrons, can exhibit
produce. Robertson et al. review some plasticity of the adult audi- both kinds of behavior (see the Volatile organic compounds
the trade-offs between the use tory cortex can be regained (see Perspective by Faccio). By tuning (VOCs) serve as invisible lines
of cellulosic biofuels and climate the Perspective by Kehayas and the level of loss in their system, of communication among host
mitigation, biodiversity, reactive Holtmaat). Disruption of adeno- bunching and antibunching of plants, pathogens, commensals,
nitrogen loss, and water use to sine production or adenosine interfering plasmons can be community groups, and, with
direct more effective policies for receptor signaling in adult mice seen. —ISO flowers, their pollinators.
D
their production. Growing native leads to improved tone discrimi- Science, this issue p. 1373; Studying petunia flowers, o
w
species on unfarmed land is a nation abilities. —PJH see also p. 1336 Adebesin et al. show that VOCs nlo
promising way forward. —HJS Science, this issue p. 1352; do not passively diffuse out of ad
Science, this issue p. 1349 see also p. 1335 the cells but are actively shuttled ed
NEURODEVELOPMENT across the plasma membrane by fro
Specialization in brain an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) hm
STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY ECONOMICS neurogenic niche transporter (see the Perspective ttp
Strong under pressure Costing out the effects of by Eberl and Gershenzon). ://s
climate change The adult mammalian brain Disabling the transporter cie
Human cytomegalovirus generates neurons from the results in damage to the cell’s nc
e
(HCMV) is a member of the her- Episodes of severe weather in subventricular zone (SVZ). In membranes by intracellular .s
c
pesvirus family that can cause the United States, such as the mice, Paul et al. were able to accumulation of VOCs. —PJH ie
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life-threatening infections in present abundance of rainfall link environmental signals with Science, this issue p. 1386; c
e
those who are immunocompro- in California, are brandished as the type of neurons that are see also p. 1334 m
a
mised. HCMV encodes a genome tangible evidence of the future generated and showed that g
.o
that is about 50% larger costs of current climate trends. anatomical subspecialization rg
than that of herpes simplex Hsiang et al. collected national occurrs in the SVZ. Neural cir- EMERGING INFECTIONS o /
n
virus 1 (the virus that causes data documenting the responses cuits that respond to hunger or Antiviral gets the jump on A
u
cold sores), but these two in six economic sectors to satiety enervate a subregion of g
coronaviruses u
viruses have similar-sized cap- short-term weather fluctuations. the SVZ and retune the produc- s
sids. Yu et al. used cryo–electron These data were integrated with tion of new olfactory neurons Coronaviruses can jump from t 11
microscopy to determine the probabilistic distributions from a just from that portion of the animal reservoirs into the human , 2
0
structure of the HCMV capsid to set of global climate models and subventricular niche. —PJH population with devastating 18
3.9-Å resolution. This is the first used to estimate future costs Science, this issue p. 1383 effects, as in the cases of the
high-resolution capsid structure during the remainder of this cen- SARS (severe acute respiratory
from the herpesvirus family. It tury across a range of scenarios syndrome) and MERS (Middle
reveals extensive interactions (see the Perspective by Pizer). In SOLAR CELLS East respiratory syndrome)
that stabilize the capsid to terms of overall effects on gross Healing defects with viruses. Sheahan et al. tested a
withstand the high pressure that domestic product, the authors small-molecule inhibitor, which
triiodide ions
comes from accommodating predict negative impacts in the has shown activity against Ebola
such a large genome. —VV southern United States and Deep-level defects in organic- virus, as a potential cure for
Science, this issue p. 1350 positive impacts in some parts of inorganic perovskites decrease coronavirus infection. This drug
the Pacific Northwest and New the performance of solar cells was effective against multiple
England. —GJC through unproductive recombi- types of coronaviruses in cell
NEURODEVELOPMENT Science, this issue p. 1362; nation of charge carriers. Yang culture and a mouse model of
Reopening a critical see also p. 1330 et al. show that introducing SARS and did not seem to be
additional triiodide ions during toxic. —LP
period
the formation of layers of Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaal3653 (2017).
Young brains, compared with OPTICS formamidinium lead iodide,
adult brains, are plastic. This To bunch or to antibunch which also contain small
phenomenon has given rise to amounts of methylammonium
the concept of critical periods, Particles of matter can be lead bromide, suppresses
during which acquisition of classed as either as bosons or the formation of deep-level
certain skills is optimal. In mice, fermions. Their subsequent defects. This process boosts
1348-B 30 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6345 sciencemag.org SCIENCE
The WNT signaling pathway
powers the growth of various
tumors, particularly colorectal
cancer (CRC). However, WNT-
targeted inhibitors are toxic to
normal gastrointestinal tissue,
precluding their clinical use. Li et
al. found that a small-molecule
activator of the kinase CK1α
suppressed WNT activity in CRC
cell lines and prevented tumor
growth and increased survival in
mouse models of primary and
metastatic CRC. This inhibitor
was selective for cells with high
WNT activity and low CK1α levels
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and was minimally toxic to nor- o
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mal gastrointestinal epithelium. n
—LKF loa
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Sci. Signal. 10, eaak9916 (2017). e
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particularly at low temperatures.
—MSL
Science, this issue p. 1351
SCIENCE sciencemag.org 30 JUNE 2017 • VOL 356 ISSUE 6345 1350
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Antiviral gets the jump on coronaviruses
Lindsey Pujanandez
Science 356 (6345), 1346-1348.
DOI: 10.1126/science.356.6345.1346-q
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