1438 AH / 2017 CE

236 Pages·2017·0.66 MB·English

SPORTS MANAGEMENT AS A MEANS OF INFLUENCING
PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KATSINA
STATE
NIGERIA.

BEING A PhD (SPORTS ADMINISTRATION) DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED TO THE SUDAN
UNIVERSITY OF SCIEN CE AND TECHNOLOGY.
COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES.

BY

BABANGIDA MUSA

1438 A.H / 2017 C.E.

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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study:
Sports management is a broad and wide discipline that deals with all the technical
and strategies that help to encourage active participation in physical exercise,
provision of adequate and relevant facilities & equipment, proper utilization and
maintenance of such provisions and smooth organization and running of sporting
programmes.
Desenri, Kelly, Blanton, and Berted (1990) defined Sports management as any
combination of skills related to planning, organizing, directing, controlling,
budgeting leading and evaluation within the context of an organization or
department whose primary service or product is related to sports and physical
activities. Sports management covers every activity which involved its contents,
resources needed for running the programme, personnel, working environment and
the beneficiaries who may be regarded as the clients (Abeku and Abdullahi, 2009).
Akintunde (2008) stated that school sports have been simply referred to as the intra
and inter school basic sports programme. In any standard school, it is expected that
sports should be organized reasonably and regularly.
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The inclusion of sports as both curricular and extracurricular activities in schools is
justified as Adedeji (1978), and Okuntar (1998) opined that it has the capacity to
contribute to the overall development of the school child.
Considering the fact that sporting activities are meant for all round human
development, therefore, the good habit, attitude and practice towards sports should
be inculcated in the mind of young people at all levels of their school age, where
they are monitored and controlled through school designed schedules in the time
table, for academic and extra-curricular activities which sports is part of it. In our
schools today, the zeal and confidence among the secondary school students to
participate in physical activities is either demoralized or killed and there is no clear
evidence that such abandoned programmes would be reinvigorated.
We must have an official sports policy that permanently links education to sports.
Nigeria as a nation cannot run away from the time-proven axiom of producing
young men and women with sound minds in sound bodies who will become better
citizens and builders of a strong and progressive nation. As they say, we have to
catch them young, which means, we must start from the primary schools. Every
primary school must have a playing ground. Instead of mere physical education
exercises, the pupils must be taught the rudiments of a few selected sports. And
instead of non-specialist Games masters there should be specialist sports masters.
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Then there must be regular primary school competitions in the various sports at
local government, state and national levels. A reward scheme of prizes and
scholarships will encourage better performances and dedication, (Akraka, 2004).
Sports is education. It is a useful learning process in the upbringing of children and
young people. In sports you learn the basics of life. You learn early in life that there
are no short-cuts, that you must train to win, that there is no gain without pain, that
you cannot fake it or disguise your form, that you must play by the rules and be law-
abiding, that you must not cheat, use illegal performance-enhancing substances, and
the overriding spirit of sportsmanship and fair-play, (Akraka, 2004).
When these guidelines and principles of sports are adhered to with commitment,
young sportsmen and women usually grow to become useful and responsible
members of the community and nation. Sports make a man and a woman. Sports
make good human beings. To live a fuller and richer life young sportsmen and
women need to be further educated too, in many other fields and in sports too. Every
young man and woman in Nigeria should have a right to both sports and education.
(Akraka, 2004).
Generally human beings have different feelings and expectations particularly on the
physical activities they do. Some are hard working while some are slow and lazy in
doing things. For school to motivate the slow and lazy ones and invariably to
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encourage the hard working ones there should be a certain level of motivation
(Oribabor, 2004).
Students in secondary schools are at their adolescent period where they expect to be
considered and be given recognition; Teachers and Coaches should try as much as
possible handle them rightly. They have significantly higher expectations, which
create difficult challenges for sports personnel. Invariably, participation in physical
activities is expected of all students of any nation, irrespective of tribe or religion
even if one has a mental or physical deformity.
Therefore, this dissertation will limit its scope within Sports management as a
means of influencing participation in physical activities among senior secondary
school students in Katsina state. Sports management strategies, if properly given as
required, will no doubt encourage great percentage of participants in physical
activities. Nevertheless, the following sports management indices such as fringe
benefits, provision of sports facilities and equipment, provision of adequate and
professional sports personnel, and establishment of good rapport with the students
would enhance participation in physical activities.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem.
According to Adeyanju (2002), management implies the accomplishment of goals
and objectives through the efforts of other people and added that effective
management involves strategy and innovation, which brings about change, creative
problem solving, and decision making. Thus, for any sports programme to be
effective there must be certain appreciable level of sports management. In re
searchers opinion, sports in most of the secondary schools in Katsina state, is
managed by non professionals as such do not have the managerial efficiency and
personal skills of being open and friendly with students within their respective
schools. Managerial efficiency is the act and ability of a manager to employ all the
skills directed toward maintaining organizational goals. In sports, it is the
application of management ideas to sports structures and processes so that targeted
objectives could be achieved by adequately manipulating inputs for increased
outputs (Bucher and Krotee, 2002).
At the secondary school level there will be more sports and more specialization and
of course more and better-trained coaches. It is at the high school level of education
that the future superstars in the various sports are spotted. Their careers are then
clearly mapped-out. They are late exposed to and given specialized training and
grooming in the university system. Our high schools should really be our breeding
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grounds and the universities the finishing schools if we are to continue to produce
generations of first-class international sports men and women non-stop, in a
spectrum of about twenty different sports, ,(Akraka, 2004).
The major problem is the Nigerian economy, which is now very weak. The weak
economy has impacted negatively on both education and sports. Proper funding of
our Higher educational system is still a big problem and under these circumstances
it is virtually impossible for these institutions to run comprehensive sports
programmes or even afford to give scholarships to young sportsmen and women. Of
course the federal ministry of sports or the state governments cannot themselves
offer scholarships to young sportsmen and women to study in higher institutions in
Nigeria or overseas in the U.S.A. and Europe, ,(Akraka, 2004).
Shortage of funds has meant that there are no modern sports infrastructure in many
of these educational institutions and the newly-created states. As an example many
young athletes have never seen hurdles. Lack of equipment and few competitions
have not helped matters. The multinationals and companies have continued to help
by sponsoring competitions in the various sports, but they could do a whole lot
more. They in turn, argue that the quality of sports administration and transparency
in the spending of sponsorship money must improve if they are to spend more on
sports sponsorship in Nigeria, ,(Akraka, 2004).
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It is therefore, expected that appointment of sports personnel and other important
stake holders by the Government in sports is aimed at achieving greatness through
sports. In the Nigerian context however, the attainment of this aim in most times is
impossible due to problems associated with nepotism and selfish interests of which
most at times those appointed lack general management skills or knowledge and
encounter problems of governmental interference .
Today, Secondary School Management and Ministry were seen to be underfunded
and thus no adequate provision of functional facilities and equipment, no proper and
regular organization of local/zonal competitive sporting activities within the Senior
Secondary Schools. As such they do not posses professional management skills
which invariably contribute to poor administration of sports within the senior
secondary schools.
To buttress the above assertion, Coakley (1978), Asagba (1992), Morakinyo (2000)
and Bwai &Pam (2006) identified many problems associated with school sports
such as:- Inadequate funds to conduct sports programmes successfully in the
schools, Incompetent and inept sports leadership, Inadequate and substandard
facilities and equipment, Absence of incentives that can spur on student-athletes,
and host of others. It is against this backdrop, the researcher wants to investigate the
“influence of sports management on sports participation among Senior Secondary
School Students in Katsina State of Nigeria”
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1.3 Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of sports management on
participation in physical activities among senior secondary school students in
Katsina State, Nigeria. Specifically, this study will determine whether:-
i. payment of fringe benefits influences Sports participation among senior secondary
school students.
ii. To determine whether provision of facilities influences sports participation
among senior secondary school students.
iii. To determine whether provision of equipment influences sports participation
among senior secondary school students.
iv. To determine whether provision of sports personnel influences sports
participation among senior secondary school students.
v. To determine whether good rapport influences sports participation among senior
secondary school students.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This investigation would be justified on the following basis.
It is a long-term out-come that some capacity building strategies may affect while
others may not. Therefore, for any school sports to be successful, it must consider
the motivation level of its students in order to encourage high and mass students’
participation in sporting activities within Katsina state.
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As the main purpose of this study would be to find out the influence of sports
management on sports participation among senior secondary school students of
Katsina state, this would contribute in achieving the goals of sports development
already set. Secondly, the study would reveal the extent to which variables under
sports management would encourage ministry of Education, school management
and students to perform better. Thirdly, the finding would also help school sports
managers to improve upon their management skills and strategies in handling their
students.
Fourthly, the finding would add in the field of knowledge in sports management, in
the area of school sports, and finally would form a basis for further research in
related area within other sectors.
1.5 Research Question:
1. Do payment of fringe benefits influence sports participation among senior
secondary school students in Katsina State, Nigeria?
2. Do provision of facilities influence sports participation among senior secondary
school students in Katsina state, Nigeria?
3. Do provision of equipment influence sports participation among senior secondary
school students in Katsina state, Nigeria?
4. Do presence of sports personnel influence student’s sports participation in senior
secondary schools of Katsina state, Nigeria?
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