1.4. Healthy Ageing in Population Ageing

186 Pages·2017·2.03 MB·English

AGEING
Learning from the Global South
Population Policy Series 2
Editor: Joe Thomas
Ageing
Learning from the Global South
Policy Series Editor : Joe Thomas
Published by:
Partners in Population and Development
Block-F, Plot-17/B&C
Sher-E-Bangla Nagar
Administrative Zone, Agargaon
Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Phone: [phone]
http://www.partners-pop-dev.org/
First Published : 2017
Pre- & Post-Production : MOVING LINES (www.movinglines)
MRP : US$10
ISBN : 978-984-34-3254-4
© This publication may be used in any form. Please feel free to quote, translate, distribute
and transmit. Kindly acknowledge the source.
DISCLAIMER
The views expressed in this compendium of Ageing reports from 7 Member Countries
of Partners in Population and Development (PPD) are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the official policy, position, or opinions of PPD.
These reports have been prepared mainly based on the secondary data from Government
sectoral-ministry data and reports, demographic and health surveys, and development
partner reports. The authors also utilised contents of varous published and unpublished
documents, including information gathered from websites.
Any reference/quotation used in the reports that may not have been demonstrated and
credited properly is not an intentional omission on behalf of the authors.
Ageing
Learning from the Global South
Table of Content
Index iv
Tables iv
Graphs and Figures v
Acronyms vii
Preface ix
Introduction xiii
CHINA 1
GHANA 27
KENYA 47
MEXICO 70
NIGERIA 92
SOutH AFRICA 109
VIEtNAM 122
About Authors & Contributors 151
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
Index
tables
GHANA
Table 1. Population of the elderly in Ghana, 1960–2050 31
Table 2. Ghana’s life expectancies – at birth, and age 60, healthy 33
life expectancy and potential support ratio compared with
global averages
Table 3. Age distribution of pensioners (72 to 90+), June 2015 42
KENYA
Table 1. Trends and projected proportion of elderly population 53
1969–2050
Table 2. Trends and projected population of elderly 1969–2050 54
MEXICO
Table 1. Selected health conditions in three cohorts of elderly 73
population
Table 2. Prevalence of dementia cognitive impairments without 74
dementia
Table 3. Literacy and schooling profile of the elderly population by 76
cohort. Mexico, 2010
Table 4. Educations by age groups, sex and indigenous condition 77
2015
Table 5 84
Table 6 85
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
NIGERIA
Table 1: Population of older persons in the six geo-political zones 94
Table 2: State Social Welfare Scheme for the Elderly in Ekiti, Osun 97
and Anambra
Table 3: Wellbeing of older persons 100
VIETNAM
Table 1. Population, proportion of older people 60+ years, 65+ 125
years and under 15 years
Table 2. Population size by age group (million), 1989–2015 126
Table 3. Older people population structure by age group (million), 126
1989–2015
Graphs and Figures
InTroduCTIon
Graph1: Percentage of ageing of total population in PPD member xvii
countries in 2015
Graph 2: Percentage of aged 60 or above population in year 2015, xviii
2030 and 2050 in PPD Member Countries
Graph 3: Total Fertility Rate (Children Per Woman) of PPD MCs in xix
the Year 2015
Graph 4: Healthy life expectancy at age 60 of PPD MCs xx
CHINA
Figure 1. Mode of improving care quality 19
Figure 2. Training mode of trainers improves the quality of home 20
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
KENYA
Graph1: Proportion of older persons in Kenya from 1969 to 2009 48
(per cent)
Graph 2: Prevalence of various diseases among older persons 50
reporting illness (per cent)
Graph 3: HIV prevalence among older persons aged 60–64 years 50
by sex and residence (per cent)
Graph 4: Prevalence of poverty by type among older persons 51
(per cent)
Graph 5: Activities being undertaken by older persons 52
MEXICO
Graph 1. Population in wide brackets of age. 1950–2010 and 72
projections to 2100
Graph 2. Rates of dependency in population 60+ by age brackets 82
and sex
NIGERIA
Graph 1: Trends in population ageing 93
SOUTH AFRICA
Graph 1 111
VIETNAM
Graph 1. Quantity and proportion of elderly population 124
(60+ years), 1989–2049
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
Acronyms
DSW : Department of Social Welfare
DWELE : Development Work in Education, Livelihoods and Environment
EXCOM : Executive Committee
GCADC : Global Commission on Ageing in Developing Countries
GSGDA : Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda
ICPD POA : International Conference on Population and Development
Programme of Action
INAPAM : National Institute of Protection of the Elderly
KAIS : Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey
KIHBS : Kenya Integrated Household and Budget Survey
LEAP : Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty
LMICs : Low and Middle Income Countries
MC : Member Country
MIPAA : Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing
MoGCSP : Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
NCD : Non-Communicable Diseases
NHIF : National Health Insurance Fund
NPOPA : National Policy on Older Persons and Aging
NSSF : National Social Security Fund
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
PCC : Partners Country Coordinator
PHC : Population and Housing Census
PPD : Partners in Population and Development
PWD : Persons with Disability
SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals
SSC : South South Cooperation
SSNIt : Social Security and National Insurance Trust
tFR : Total Fertility Rate
tCM : Traditional Chinese Medicine
WHO : World Health Organization
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Ageing
Learning from the Global South
Preface
It is evident that rapid population ageing and a steady increase in human
longevity present one of the hitherto unexplored social, economic and political
challenges and opportunities of our time.
Many developing countries use the phrase ‘getting old before getting rich’ to
summarise the challenges of a rapidly ageing population. The demographic
phenomenon of increase in AGEING population is a product of several factors
such as access to better health care, subsequent increase in life expectancy
and reducing fertility levels. The discourse around ‘AGEING’ presents it as,
‘although an inevitable process yet an undesirable phenomenon’. In such a
context the opportunities and possibilities provided by the ‘AGEING’ is greatly
ignored or disregarded. Though, the trajectory and experience of ‘ageing’
in developed economy and developing economy varies vastly, the policy
formulation towards ‘ageing’ is greatly influenced by the data and evidence
from the developed economies.
It is becoming increasingly evident that responsible and fair ageing policy
making in developing countries is possible and there is a need to carefully
identify, learn, nurture this and share it among the developing countries. With
right policy making, developing economies can continue to develop, navigate
and promote health and active AGEING.
Governments and societies have a responsibility to ensure people everywhere
age with dignity and security, enjoying life through its full realisation. Many
of the governments, particularly in developing country’s need to address the
needs of older persons, by developing adequate policies, strategies and laws to
ensure their well-being.
Exploring ‘ageing’ from a social and health equity perspective may provide
a useful frame work to explore the potential and opportunities provided by
ageing population. Equity perspective also may present critique of dominant
discourse on ageing as a ‘burden’ and ‘dependency’.
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