100 questions and answers about bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder

267 Pages·2007·0.91 MB·English

by  Herrick

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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
Trileptal (oxcarbamazepine), 98, 142 WW
side effects with, 101t
webmed.org, 224
Twins
Weight gain, 169
bipolar disorder, concordance rate and, atypicalantipsychoticmedicationsand,141
63, 64 Depakote (valproate) and, 137, 141
bipolar I and, 59–60 polycystic ovary syndrome and, 172
lithium and, 141
UU medications and, 108–110
older antidepressants and, 109
Ultradian bipolar disorder, 42 reduced, in infants of mothers with
Unconscious meaning, 26 untreated depression, 178–179
Understanding, 74 second-generationantipsychoticsand,143
Unipolar depression, 31, 49 Weinmann, Scott
mood stabilizers and, 145 biography of, ix–x
University-affiliated programs, 55 comments by, 25, 50, 84, 122, 135, 149,
Up-regulation, 24 189
U.S. Department of Health and Human Wellbutrin (bupropion), 143
Service, website sponsored by, 224 adverse effects with, 103t
Wellness, cultivating, 69
White Europeans, 62
VV
White matter, in brain, 14
Valproate, 81, 98 Wine, mood stabilizers and, 133–135
breastfeeding and, 178 Withdrawal symptoms, 105, 106
polycystic ovary syndrome and, 169, Women
171–172 pregnancy,treatmentforbipolar
pregnancy and, 174 disorderand,173–175
thyroid gland dysfunction in, 190
reduced suicidality and, 181
Writers, creativity, bipolar disorder and, 72
sideeffectsinyoungwomenand,169–170
side effects with, 10t
YY
weight gain and, 108, 141
Valproate (sodium valproate), 40 Yoga, 69, 114
Valproate (valproic acid), 127
Valproic acid, 127, 146, 172 ZZ
Van Gogh, Vincent, 70–71
Ziprasidone, 108, 142
Vegetative activities, 22
side effects with, 102t,138
Venlafaxine, 99
weight gain and, 141
adverse effects with, 103t Zoloft (sertraline), breastfeeding and, 177
Viagra (sildenafil), 124 Zyban, 143
Violence,youthsuicideandwitnessingof,165 Zyprexa or Zydis (olanzapine), 142
Vioxx, 135 side effects with, 101t,138
Visceral functions, 6, 7 weight gain and, 108, 141
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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
bipolar disorder and potential adverse types of, 82–84 I
n
effects from, 117t Tantrums, in children, 163 d
e
Stabilization, medication regimen and, 209 Tapering, to avoid switching, 180 x
Steroids, 106 Tarasoff case, 197
mania and avoidance of, 179 Tardive dyskinesia, 139, 143
multiple bodily effects from, 192 Taurine, 115
prescription of, as medicine, 191–192 TCAs. SeeTricyclic antidepressants
risks with use of, 181–182 Teen suicides, risks for, 164–165
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 137 Temporal lobe seizure, 66
Stigmatization, 9, 50 Teratogenic effects, pregnancy and, 173
Stimulants, 99, 106, 182 Testosterone, 181
Stress Therapeutic index, 136
bipolar disorder and, 60, 64 Therapeutic privilege, 200
reducing levels of, 69 Therapeutic range or dose, 119
Stressful life events, childhood and teen sui- building up to, 100
cide and, 165 Therapist, choosing, 85–86
Stressors, 17 Therapy,medicationcombinedwith,intreat-
Substance abuse, 20, 150–151 mentofbipolardisorder,111–112
bipolar disorder and, 60, 210 Therapy approach, choosing, 85–86
early-onset, bipolar disorder and, 163 Thinking, errors in, 86
teen suicide and, 164 Thioridazine, SSRIs and, 125
Subsyndromal symptoms, 50 Thoughts, feelings distinguished from, 3–4
Suicidal behavior, recurrent, 156 Thought stopping, 87
Suicidal ideation, in manic individuals, 30 Thrombocytopenia, Depakote and, 137
Suicidality, hospitalization and, 132 Thyroid, 181
Suicidal thinking, 212 Thyroid dysfunction, bipolar disorder and,
depression and, 31 189–191
Suicide, 68 Thyroid hormone, 99
anxiety associated with any psychiatric Tiagabine, side effects with, 10t
condition and, 39 Topamax (topiramate), 142
guilt in family members and, 213–214 side effects with, 101t
hospitalization and risk of, 79 weight gain and, 109
maintenance treatment with lithium and TPO.SeeTreatment,payment,oroperations
Depakote and, 209 Trade name medications, generic medica-
preventing, 75 tions vs.,143–145
risk of, in children and adolescents, Training, for therapists, 85
164–165 Transference, 82, 88
risk of, with bipolar disorder, 211–213 Trazodone, adverse effects with, 103t
serotonin levels and, 23 Treatment
Sun-downing, 186 employers and information related to,
Symbyax(olanzapine/fluoxetine),44,99,127 207–208
family members and, 205–206
side effects with, 101t
rights of refusal and, 199–202
Symmetrel (amantadine), 142
Treatment,payment,oroperations,203,204
Sympathetic nervous system, 182
Treatment avoidance, 75
Sympathomimetics,deliriumand/orpsychosis
Treatment plan, 13, 78, 81
ingeriatricpopulationand,186
Treatment settings, types of, 78
Synaptic cleft, 15, 15,16, 23
Tricyclic antidepressants, 168, 183, 228t
adverse effects with, 103t
TT
breastfeeding and, 177
Talk therapy dependency and, 106
for children and adolescents, 168 switch rate with, 180
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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
SS Sexual identity issues, suicide risks and, 165
Sexualrelationships,betweentherapist
Safety,involuntarycommitmentand,198,199
andpatient,88
SAM-E, 115
Sexual side effects, with antidepressants,
Sarafem (fluoxetine), 144, 146, 169
123–124
breastfeeding and, 177
SGAs.SeeSecond-generationantipsychotics
weight loss and, 109
Shields, Brooke, vii
Schemas, 86
Sickle cell anemia, 61
Schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder
Side-effect profiles, 98
vs.,40–41
Side effects
Schizoaffectivesyndromes,geneticrisk
withatypicalantipsychoticmedica-
factorsand,63
tions,138–139
Schizophrenia, 42, 130
with Depakote (valproate), 137
bipolar disorder vs.,40–41
with Equetro (carbamazepine), 137–138
genetic risk factors and, 63
with lithium, 135–136
Secondary mania
with medications for bipolar disorder,
brain-based disorders and, 184
100, 101–102t,102, 103t,104
in geriatric population, 185, 186
with selective serotonin reuptake
Second-generation antipsychotics, 142–143
inhibitors, 139
Sedatives, delirium and/or psychosis in geri-
Sildenafil, 124
atric population and, 186
Sleep, 69, 163
Seizures, 66
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 93, bipolar disorder and, 116
94, 146, 183, 228t stages of, 188
adverse effects with, 103t Sleep apnea
breastfeeding and, 177–178 bipolar disorder comorbid with, 187–189
sexual side effects with, 123, 124 risk factors for, 188–189
side effects with, 139 types of, 188
studiesof,inchildrenandadolescents,168 Sleep deprivation
suicidality in children and adolescents mania and, 24
and warnings about, 170 mood disorders and, 187
switch rate with, 180 Sleep laboratories, 187–188
treatment of anxiety disorders with, 148, Sleep medications, rebound insomnia and,
149 107
weight gain and, 109 Socialanxietydisorder,therapycombined
Self-esteem, 69 withmedicationintreatmentof,149
exercise and, 118 Social phobia, 37, 148
Self-medication, with substances, 150, 151 Social service agencies, 55
Seroquel (quetiapine), 99, 127, 146 Social skills training, 87
side effects with, 102t,138 Social workers
weight gain and, 141 credentials for, 52–53
Serotonin, 21, 22, 23, 39 training levels for, 85
Serotonin syndrome, 125, 126 treatment of bipolar disorder and, 52
Seroxat, 143 Socioeconomicstatus,bipolardisorderand,60
Sertraline, breastfeeding and, 177 Somatic treatments, for bipolar disorder in
Serzone (nefazodone), adverse effects with, children or adolescents, 166–167
103t Somnambulism, 65
Sexual abuse Specific phobia, 37
false memory syndrome and, 89 Splitting, 157
suicide risk and, 211 SSRIs. SeeSelective serotonin reuptake
suiciderisksinchildrenandadoles- inhibitors
centsand,165 St. John’s wort, 115, 126
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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
Primary mania, in geriatric population, 185, QQ I
n
186 d
Quetiapine, 99, 127, 146 e
Privacy, rights to, 202–205 side effects with, 102t,138 x
Projection, 85
weight gain and, 141
Prophylaxis, 194
Prozac, 139, 143 RR
“Pseudoneurotic schizophrenics,” 157
Psyche, 2 Race, bipolar disorder and, 61–62
Racing thoughts, 30, 163
Psychiatric Clinics of North America,48
manic episode and, 33
Psychiatric nurse specialists
Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, hypothy-
credentials for, 54
roidism and, 190–191
treatment of bipolar disorder and, 52
Rapid cycling episodes, medication choice
Psychiatrists
and, 98
antidepressant treatment and, 126
Rapid cycling qualifier, 35
credentials for, 54–55
“Rational brain,” 7
educational path of, 27
Rational polypharmacy, 99
training levels for, 85
Rebound, 106, 107
treatment of bipolar disorder by, 52 Receptors, 16
Psychiatry Reckless activities, mania and, 43
off-label use in, 129–132 Recovery, 39
psychology vs.,25–27 cyclothymia and, 47–49
Psychoanalysis, 26 recurrence after, 208–210
Psychodynamic therapy, 82–83 Recurrence, 106, 107, 110, 111
Psychoeducation, 79, 86 after recovery, 208–210
Psychologists depressive, in bipolar disorder, 45
credentials for, 53–54 during post-partum period, 173
educational path of, 27 Recurrent suicidal behavior, 156
training levels for, 85 Reeve, Dana, 58
treatment of bipolar disorder and, 52 Re-experiencing phenomenon, with post-
Psychology, psychiatry vs.,25–27 traumatic stress disorder, 154
Refractory depression, 210
Psychomotoragitation,manicepisodeand,33
Refractory mania, electroconvulsive therapy
Psychomotor retardation, 34
and, 99
Psychopathology, 26
Relapse, 43
Psychopharmacologists, 126–127
Relative risk, 64
Psychopharmacology, changing chemistry
Relaxation training, 86
and structure of brain and, 91
REM (dream) sleep, 188
Psychosis, steroid-induced, management of,
Remeron (mirtazapine), adverse effects
193–194
with, 103t
Psychosocial treatments, 78
Remission, 110
Psychotherapy, 26, 69, 82
Resistance, 82
bipolar disorder, chemical imbalance and Response, to medication, 48–49
helpfulness of, 90–92 Responserates,moodstabilizersand,119–121
changing chemistry and structure of Restraint usage, 199
brain and, 91 Rightsofrefusal,hospitalizationand,196–199
for children and adolescents, 166 Rights to privacy, 202–205
risks associated with, 87–90 Risk, concept of, 58
Psychotic depression, electroconvulsive Risperdal (risperidone), 127
therapy and, 113 side effects with, 101t,138, 139
Psychotropic medications, 21, 78 weight gain and, 141
adolescent treatment, and risks associated Risperidone, side effects with, 138, 139
with, 168–171 Ruminations, 155
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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
NYU Child Study Center website, on child Partial remission, 110
mental health, 223 Patient’s bill of rights, 199
Pauley, Jane, vii
OO Paxil (paroxetine), 143
breastfeeding and, 177
Obesity
weight gain and, 109
metabolic syndrome and, 140
Payment authorizations, 205
sleep apnea and, 188
PCOS. SeePolycystic ovary syndrome
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 37, 146, 149
PCP, 152
co-occurrence of, with bipolar disorder,
Pediatric bipolar disorder, attention-deficit
210
hyperactivity disorder and, 160
therapy combined with medication in
Pepcid, 142
treatment of, 149
Personality disorders, 10
Obstructive sleep apnea, 188
cutting behaviors and, 165
Off-label medications, 94, 129–132
Pharmacological intervention, 48
childhood bipolar disorder and, 169
Pharmacological treatment, 78
weight control strategies and, 142
PhD. SeeDoctorate degree
Olanzapine, 44, 127, 142
Phenylalanine, 115
side effects with, 10t,138
Phenylpropanolamine, 182
weight gain and, 108, 141
Phobias, types of, 37
Olanzapine/fluoxetine, side effects with, 10t
Physical abuse
Omega-3-fatty acids, 115
suicide risk and, 211
Opiates
suiciderisksinchildrenandadoles-
delirium and/or psychosis in geriatric
centsand,165
population and, 186
Physical restraint, 199
dependency on, 105, 106
Physicians, 3 A’s of, 216
Oppositional-defiant disorder, bipolar dis-
Physiological activity, 17
order vs.,in children, 162
Physiological withdrawal, 106
OSA. SeeObstructive sleep apnea
Placebos, 94, 102
Otolaryngologists, 189
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Overgeneralization, 86
Depakote (valproate) and, 169, 171–172
Over-the-counter medications, 182–183
weight gain from Depakote (valproate)
Oxcarbamazepine, 98, 142
and, 108
side effects with, 10t
Polysomnography, 187–188
Pope, Harrison, vi
PP
Postpartum depression, 181
Pancreatitis, Depakote and, 137 Postpartum period
Panic, symptoms associated with, 37–38 bipolar spectrum illness and, 60
Panic disorder, 37, 146, 148 recurrence and, 173
co-occurrence of, with bipolar disorder, Posttraumatic stress disorder, 37, 146, 149
210 active duty and, 154–155
therapy combined with medication in co-occurrence of, with bipolar disorder,
treatment for, 149 210
Paranoia, borderline personality disorder Practitioner, choosing, 51–55
and, 157 Prednisone, 192, 193
Parasympathetic nervous system, 182 Pregnancy
Parens patriae,involuntary commitment bipolardisordermedicationsand,173–175
and, 196–197 mood stabilizers and, 175–176
Paresthesias, 37 treatment for bipolar disorder and,
Parkinson’s disease, 146 173–175
Paroxetine, 143 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 181
breastfeeding and, 177 Pressured speech, 45
weight gain and, 109 Prevalence, of bipolar disorder, 18
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100 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT BIPOLAR (MANIC-DEPRESSIVE) DISORDER
Memories, long-term, 5 MRI. SeeMagnetic resonance imaging I
n
Menstrual irregularities, in women with MRSI. SeeMagnetic resonance spectro- d
e
bipolar disorder, 171–172 scopic imaging x
Mentaldisorders,happy,productivefeel- MSW. SeeMaster’s of social work
ingsand,41–43 Multiple sclerosis, bipolar disorder and, 184
Mental health specialists, choosing, 52
Mental hygiene laws, 133 NN
Mental illness, 6
NAMI. SeeNational Alliance for the Men-
defining, 7–9
tally Ill
major, 9–12
Narrow therapeutic index, 145
political, legal, or economic definitions
National Adolescent Suicide Hotline, 223
of, 11
NationalAlliancefortheMentallyIll,
popular terminology related to, 10
217,218,222
specific operational criteria about, 12
Mental status, 32 National Association of Cognitive-Behav-
Metabolic syndrome ioral Therapists website, 224
atypical antipsychotic medications and, National Association of Social Workers
108–109, 138 website, 224
description of, 140–141 National Drug and Alcohol Treatment
mood stabilizers and, 141–142 Hotline, 223
Metabolize, 125 NationalInstituteofMentalHealth,18,222
Metformin, 142 National Mental Health Association, 222
Middle insomnia, 187 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, 223
Mirtazapine, 123 National Youth Crisis Hotline, 223
adverse effects with, 103t Natural philosophy, 25
Mixed sleep apnea, 188 Nefazodone, 123
Monoamine oxidase, 130 adverse effects with, 103t
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 168, 228t Negative thinking, 84
alcohol and, 134 Neural tube defects
Mood disorders, 18, 20 Depakote (valproate) and, 174
alcohol use and, 150–151 Equetro and, 174
hormonal levels and, 181 Neuroanatomy, 5
tardive dyskinesia and, 143 Neurological disorders, secondary mania
writers and, 72 and, 186
Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms, 62 Neurological studies, 4
Mood stabilization, antidepressants and, Neuronal plasticity, 6
180–181 Neurons, brain, 14, 14
Mood stabilizers, 23, 78, 92, 93, 94, 98, 111 Neurontin (gabapentin), 94, 95
alcohol consumption and, 133–135 side effects with, 101t
with antidepressants, 127–129 Neurophysiology, 5
children and adolescents and side effects Neurosyphilis, mania and, 184
related to, 169 Neurotransmitters, 15, 16, 21
metabolic syndrome and, 141–142 NIMH. SeeNational Institute of Mental
pregnancy and, 175–176 Health
reasons for prescribing, 145–146 Noncompliance, 214–218
response rate to, 119–121 reasons for, 215t
for various conditions, 146t Noradrenalin, 182
Mood swings, 17 Norepinephrine, 21, 22, 23, 39, 183
depression and, 45–46 Nortriptyline, breastfeeding and, 177
substance abuse and, 152–153 NTI. SeeNarrow therapeutic index
Morbidity, 17 Numbing process, with posttraumatic stress
Mortality, 17 disorder, 154, 155
Motor cortex, 15 Nutrition, 69, 108
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Kindling, 66, 180 Major depressive disorder, 42, 45
Klonopin, 149 Majordepressiveepisode,definitionof,33–34
Kraeplin, Emil, 71 Males, sleep apnea in, 187
Kramer, Peter, 72 Malignant hypertension, 134
Mania, 17, 25, 32, 45
LL antidepressant medication and, 67–68
anxiety vs.,38–39
Laboratory testing, as part of screening, 183
in children, 162–163
Lamictal(lamotrigine),44–45,93,99,
in geriatric population, 185–186
142,181,209
hyperthyroidism and, 189–190
pregnancy and, 174
impulse control and, 212
side effects with, 101t
medical causes of, 183–184, 184t
weight gain and, 109
medications to avoid, if diagnosed with,
Lanacort, 193
179
Learning disabilities, depressive and manic
recognizing early signs of, 69
episodes comorbid with, 167
recurrence of, after recovery, 208–210
Legal needs, of child, evaluation process
secondary, 184, 185, 186
and, 167
signs and symptoms of, 30
Lessard, Alberta, 196
sleep deprivation and, 24
Lessard vs.Schmidt,196
steroid-induced,managementof,193–194
Lethargy, 65
switching from depression into, 180
Leucopenia, 137
Manic-depressive disorder, 16. See also
Liability, Tarasoff case and, 197
Bipolar disorder
Limbic system, 6
Manic episode
Linehan, Marsha, 159
definition of, 33
Lipinsky, Joseph, vi
medication choice and, 98
Lithium, 24, 44, 81, 98, 128, 181, 209
Manic patients with psychotic features,
blood monitoring and, 36
medication choice and, 98
breastfeeding and, 178
Manicsyndromes,geneticriskfactorsand,63
hypothyroid function and, 191
Marijuana, 152
pregnancy and, 173–174
Master’s of social work, 52, 53
reduced suicidality and, 181
McCormack, Leslie
risk factors with, 135–136
biography of, x
side effects with, 10t
comments by, 18, 20, 32, 36, 50–51,
study of, in children, 169
69–70, 74, 75, 90, 99–100, 108,
weight gain and, 108, 141
122–123, 129, 206
Lithium carbonate, 93
Medical conditions, as cause of mania or
Lithobid, 145
depression, 183–184
Long-term memories, 5
Medical necessity, 205
Luvox(fluvoxamine),breastfeedingand,177
Medication
Lyme disease, mania and, 184
addiction issues and, 104–108
compliance with, 73
MM
concernswithlong-termdangers
Magnesium, 115 relatedto,135–139
Magnetic resonance imaging, 23 fears of zombie-like appearance while on,
Magneticresonancespectroscopicimaging,23 121–123
Ma Huang, bipolar disorder and potential length of treatment with, 110–111
adverse effects from, 117t rights of refusal and, 199–202
Maintenance treatment, goals of, in bipolar therapycombinedwith,111–112,118–119
disorder, 210 Meditation, 69
Major depression, 181 Melatonin, bipolar disorder and potential
bipolar depression vs.,43–45 adverse effects from, 117t
inyouth,andmania/bipolardisorder,163 Mellaril (thioridazine), SSRIs and, 125
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Geriatric population, bipolar disorder and, Hydrocortisone, 192 I
n
185–186 Hyperarousal, with posttraumatic stress dis- d
e
Geriatric psychiatrists, 127 order, 154, 155 x
Gingko biloba, bipolar disorder and poten- Hypersexuality, 163
tial adverse effects from, 117t Hypersomnia, 34
Ginseng, bipolar disorder and potential Hyperthyroidism, mania and, 189–190
adverse effects from, 117t Hypomania, 30, 32, 45, 124–125
Glutamate, 21, 66 family members with, 74–76
Graded exposure, 87 Hypomanic episodes, 33
Grandiosity, 163 Hypopnea, 187
manic episode and, 33 Hypothyroidism
Grave disability, 196 depression and, 189, 190
Gray matter, in brain, 14 lithium and, 136
Group therapy, for children and adoles-
cents, 166 II
Guilt, in family members, suicide and,
Illness, boundaries between disease and, 7
213–214
Imitrex (sibutramine), SSRIs and, 125
Guns, access to, teen suicide and, 164
Impulse control, mania and, 212
Impulsive aggression, vii
HH
Impulsivity, borderline personality disorder
Haldol (haloperidol), 145 and, 156
pregnancy and, 175 Indoleamines, 21
Half-life, 177 Infants
Hallucinations, 98 lithium-exposed, 173–174
Hallucinogens, 106, 183 untreated maternal depression and
mania and avoidance of, 179 reduced weight gain in, 178–179
HDL. SeeHigh-density lipoprotein level Informed consent, 199–200
Healing, 8 Insanity, court determination of, 11
Health Insurance Portability and Account- Insight-oriented therapy, 78
ability Act, 202, 203, 204 Insomnia, 31, 38
Hemingway, Ernest, 71 anxiety vs.mania and, 38–39
Hepatitis, Depakote and, 137 bipolar disorder and, 187
Herbal remedies, 114, 115, 179 Interpersonal social rhythm therapy, 79,
mood disorders and avoidance of, 183 83–84
Heroin, 105, 152 Interpersonal therapy, 79, 83, 112
High-density lipoprotein level, 140 for children and adolescents, 166
HIPAA. SeeHealth Insurance Portability Involuntary commitment to psychiatric hos-
and Accountability Act pital, history behind, 196–198
Hispanics, 62 IPSRT. SeeInterpersonal social rhythm
HIV, mania and, 184 therapy
Homeostasis, 24 Irritability, antidepressants and, 46–47
Hopelessness, suicidal thinking and, 31
Hormonal levels, mood disorders and, 181 JJ
Hormones, 21
Jamison, Kay Redfield, 72
Hospitalization, 79
Jet lag, mood disorders and, 187
indications for, 132–133
of manic children, 164
KK
for manic individuals, 78–79, 81
noncompliance and, 216 Kaufman, Andy, 58
rights of refusal and, 196–199 Kava kava, bipolar disorder and potential
Hospital psychiatry departments, 55 adverse effects from, 117t
human-nature.com, 224 Kernberg, Otto, 157
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Electroencephalography, 188 FDA. SeeFood and Drug Administration
Emotional states, brain and, 4–7 Feelings, thoughts distinguished from, 3–4
Emotions Female adolescents, Depakote (valproate)
defining and reason for, 2–3 and, 169–170
thoughts distinguished from, 3–4 Females,sleepapneain,187.SeealsoWomen
Employee assistance programs, 55 Fetal malformations, bipolar disorder med-
Employers, treatment information and, ications and, 173–175, 176
207–208 “Fight or flight” response, 6, 7
Endocrine disorders, 184 steroids and, 181–182, 192
Endocrine glands, 181 First-degree relatives, 59, 63
Environment, changing chemistry and Flight of ideas, 163
structure of brain and, 91 manic episode and, 33
Environmental effects, 64 Flonase, 192
Environmental inputs, 4, 5 Flooding, 87
Enzymes, 16 “Floppy baby syndrome,” 174
Ephedra, 182 Fluoxetine, 44, 143, 146, 169
bipolar disorder and potential adverse
breastfeeding and, 177
effects from, 117t
weight loss and, 109
Epilepsy
Fluvoxamine, breastfeeding and, 177
bipolar disorder and, 64–66
Folic acids, 115
polycystic ovary syndrome in women
Food and Drug Administration, 94, 95, 222
with, 171
bipolar disorder medications approved
Epinephrine, 181, 182
by, 99t
Equetro (carbamazepine), 40, 81, 98, 127,
breastfeeding information and, 176
145, 172
off-label medications and, 129–132
breastfeeding and, 178
SSRIs,adolescenceandsuicidality
pregnancy and, 174
studiesby,170
risk factors and, 137–138
Free association, 26, 82
Eskalith, 145
Freud, Sigmund, 26, 65, 82
Estrogen, 181
Friends, sharing information about bipolar
Ethnicity, bipolar disorder and, 61–62
disorder with, 49–51
Evaluations, 78
Full remission, 110
for children and adolescents, 165–166
Functional impairment, 17
Exercise, 69
benefits with, 118
mood and, 116 GG
weight management and, 108, 109, 142
GABA. SeeGamma-aminobutyric acid
Extrapyramidal effects, 139
GABA/glutamate neurotransmitter, 66
Gabapentin, 40, 94
FF
side effects with, 10t
False memory syndrome, 89 Gabitril (tiagabine), side effects with, 101t
Families for Depression Awareness, 222 Gamma-aminobutyric acid, 22, 24, 39, 149
Family, bipolar disorder and sharing infor- Gender, bipolar I and, 59
mation about, 49–51 Generalized anxiety disorder, 37, 146, 148
Family history co-occurrence of, with bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder in, 59–60 210
risk for bipolar disorder and, 67 Generic medications, 95
Family members trade name medications vs.,143–145
helpingthosewithbipolardisorder,73–74 Genes, 5
with hypomania, 74–76 Geodon (ziprasidone), 108, 142
treatment and involvement of, 205–206 side effects with, 102t,138
Family therapy, 79 weight gain and, 141
248