1 Centro vasco new york

359 Pages·2003·6.78 MB·English

12
THE BASQUES
OF NEW YORK:
A Cosmopolitan Experience
Gloria Totoricagüena
With the collaboration of
Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre
TOTORICAGÜENA, Gloria
The Basques of New York : a cosmopolitan experience / Gloria Totoricagüena ;
with the collaboration of Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria
Aguirre. – 1ª ed. – Vitoria-Gasteiz : Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu
Nagusia = Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2003
p. ; cm. – (Urazandi ; 12)
ISBN 84-457-2012-0
1. Vascos-Nueva York. I. Sarriugarte Doyaga, Emilia. II. Renteria Aguirre,
Anna M. III. Euskadi. Presidencia. IV. Título. V. Serie
9(1.460.15:747 Nueva York)
Edición: 1.ajunio 2003
Tirada: 750 ejemplares
© Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
Presidencia del Gobierno
Director
de la colección: Josu Legarreta Bilbao
Internet: www.euskadi.net
Edita: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia -
Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco
Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz
Diseño: Canaldirecto
Fotocomposición: Elkar, S.COOP.
Larrondo Beheko Etorbidea, Edif. 4 – 48180 LOIU (Bizkaia)
Impresión: Elkar, S.COOP.
ISBN: 84-457-2012-0 84-457-1914-9
D.L.: BI-1626/03
Nota: El Departamento editor de esta publicación no se responsabiliza
de las opiniones vertidas a lo largo de las páginas de esta colección

Index
Aurkezpena / Presentation............................................................................... 10
k
r
o
Y
Hitzaurrea / Preface.......................................................................................... 14 w
e
N
7
Acknowledgements.......................................................................................... 17
Introduction...................................................................................................... 23
Kaletarrak and baserritarrak:
Those from the streets and those from the farms................................................ 25
Bakes sales versus bond sales.......................................................................... 30
“A challenge and a dream”................................................................................ 34
Homeland History and Factors of Basque Emigration....................................... 39
Basque Ethnicity............................................................................................... 39
Homeland History............................................................................................. 41
Departing Euskal Herria.................................................................................... 45
Arrival to New York............................................................................................ 49
“Modern” Day Euskal Herria of the Twentieth Century....................................... 55
Conclusion........................................................................................................ 62
Adaptation to Life in the New Word................................................................... 67
Basque Pioneers of New World.......................................................................... 68
Valentín and Benita Orbe Aguirre...................................................................... 72
A selection of Basque boardinghouses.............................................................. 80
Everyday life in the neighborhood..................................................................... 82
Living and Dying in New York............................................................................. 86
White Plains and Plattekill................................................................................. 88
Entertaiment..................................................................................................... 92
Centro Vasco-Americano Sociedad de Beneficiencia y Recreo.......................... 97
Establishing a Basque mutual aid society.......................................................... 99
The Basque Charter and By-Laws...................................................................... 101
Administration of the club................................................................................. 103
Constructing a Building and an Identity............................................................. 105
Benefits for members of the Centro Vasco-Americano....................................... 107
The 1940s.......................................................................................................... 111
The Centro Vasco-Americano’s own migration................................................... 117
The first and second “generation” gap.............................................................. 123
Locating and re-locating.................................................................................... 126
Earning a Living in New York:
Employement, Businesses and Professions of Immigrant Basques.................. 131
Seamanship...................................................................................................... 131
Small business entrepreneurs........................................................................... 137
8 “So many choices for work!”............................................................................. 138
e Grocers and food distributors............................................................................ 140
c
di
n Basque cuisine and restaurants........................................................................ 142
Í
Professionals and Public Service....................................................................... 147
Manufacturing and Craftsmanship.................................................................... 153
Musicians, Dancers, Artists and Athletes......................................................... 157
Symbolic and substantial importance of dance in ethnic identity maintenance.... 157
Jon Oñatibia and the “Euzkadi” tour.................................................................. 162
The second half of a century of Basque dancing................................................ 166
Musicians......................................................................................................... 174
Classical Musicians........................................................................................... 177
Abeslariak: Singers........................................................................................... 179
Artists............................................................................................................... 182
Athletes............................................................................................................ 186
Boxing............................................................................................................... 189
Other sporting interests.................................................................................... 190
Political interest and activism of New York Basques......................................... 193
Dabbling in Politics........................................................................................... 194
Political activity of early New York Basques....................................................... 196
Diaspora understanding of the Spanish Civil War.............................................. 198
The Basque Delegation in New York.................................................................. 202
Professor José Antonio de Aguirre..................................................................... 206
Jesús de Galíndez and the United Nations......................................................... 211
Individualized political interest and expression................................................. 213
Contemporary political views............................................................................ 220
Euzko-Etxea of New York: Basque-American Cultural & Benevolent Society, Inc.. 225
Aberri Eguna: Day of the Homeland................................................................... 231
Andrak: Women................................................................................................. 234
Expanding the activities.................................................................................... 236
Accepting or rejecting change and progress...................................................... 243
Relations with the Basque Government and homeland institution..................... 245
Benefits to Basque Organizations..................................................................... 248
Grants............................................................................................................... 252
Conclusion........................................................................................................ 254
The Society of Basque Studies in America: Educating Our Future..................... 257
The Society’s Leadership................................................................................... 259 rk
o
Y
Projects of the Society....................................................................................... 261 w
e
Ameriketatik Trainera: the fishing boat from America........................................ 263 N
9
The Society of Basque Studies in America Basque Hall Of Fame........................ 265
Conclusion: Basques living at the intersection of tradition and modernity....... 325
Euskeraz Mesedez: In Basque Please................................................................ 325
Conclusion on today’s Basque identity in New York........................................... 331
Bibliography of Sources................................................................................... 337
Aurkezpena
JUAN JOSÉ
IBARRETXE
MARKUARTU
Lehendakaria
1994 urtean Eusko Legebiltzarrean Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoaz Kanpoko Euskal
Gizatalde eta Etxeekiko Harremanei buruzko Legeaonartu zen, kontrako botorik jaso
gabe. Legebiltzarreko Taldeen jarrera bateratu hau, Euskaditik kanpora bizi diren
euskal herritarrekin eta euren ondorengoekin Euskal Gizarteak duen konpromiso
atzeraezinaren erakusgarri onena da. Konpromiso horrek, halaber, Euskal Etxeen
aitorpen ofiziala eta Euskal Erakunde Publikoekiko harremanen instituzionalizazioa
ahalbidetzeko duen borondatea adierazten du.
Lege horren bidez, lau urtero egin beharreko Euskal Gizataldeen Biltzarra
instituzionalizatzen da ere bai, euren helburuak betetzeko lau urteko plana prestatu
ahal izan dezaten.
Ikuspegi horretatik, Euskal Etxeen eta Euskal Erakunde Publikoen arteko
k
r
harremanen instituzionalizazioa, horiek etorkizunean jarraipena izateko asmoaren o
Y
seinale da, ekintza bateraturako estrategiak, aldian-aldian, gaur egungo mundu gero w
e
N
eta globalagoaren errealitate historiko berrietara egokituz. 11
Hain zuzen, etorkizun asmo horrekin jardun zuten euren jaioterritik urrun elkartzea
eta euren “Euskal Etxeak” sortzea erabaki zuten euskal herritar ospetsuek. Elkarri
laguntza eta babesa ematea eta Kultura sustatzea zuten helburu, Euskal Herriaren
partaide izatearen sentimenduak eta harrera egin zieten herrialdeekiko elkartasuna
uztartuz.
Gaur, Euskal Etxeen historiaren berreskurapenean berriro lagundu nahi izan duten
profesionalen ikerketa-bilduma aurkezteko ohorea dugu. Euskal Etxeak nazioarteko
euskal presentziaren historia instituzionalaren zati dira eta, aldi berean, kokatuta
dauden herrialdeen araberako legediaren aitorpen ofiziala izan dute.
Bilduma honetatik, milaka euskal gizon eta emakumeri elkartasunez harrera
egindako herrialde horiei omenaldia egin nahi diegu, baita Euskal Etxe eta Gizataldeei
ere, fundazioko helburuak betetzeko eta Euskal Herriak historian ezaugarri izan dituen
baloreak defendatu nahiz zabaltzeko egindako ahaleginagatik, adibidez lanerako
gogoa, nazioarteko elkartasuna, printzipio demokratikoen defentsa eta emandako
hitza betetzea.
Espero dut ahalegin profesional eta instituzional berri honek Euskadiren
errealitate soziopolitikoa ezagutarazten lagunduko duela, baita Euskal Etxe eta
Gizataldeek Euskal Erakunde Publikoekin duten harremana estutzen ere.