Table Of ContentWORLD FISH FARMING:
CUL TIV A TION AND ECONOMICS
SECOND EDITION
WORLD FISH FARMING:
CUL TIV ATION AND
ECONOMICS
SECOND EDITION
E. Evan Brown, Ph.D.
\\
Professor
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
•
aVI
AVI PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
Westport, Connecticut
©Copyright 1983 by
THE A VI PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
Westport, Connecticut
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1983
All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the
copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or
by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and
retrieval systems-without written permission of the
publisher.
u.s.
Front Cover Photograph Courtesy of Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, Kelso, Arkansas
Back Cover Photograph (Second from Left) Courtesy of
Mr. Harold Koops
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Brown, E. Evan.
World fish farming.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Aquaculture industry. I. Title.
SH135.B76 1983 338.3'713 83-338
ISBN'13: 978'1'4684-6872-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6870-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6870-0
This book is dedicated to a man who made it
possible and who collaborated on the Japan chapter:
Mr. S. Nishimura
A man who can move mountains
v
Contents
Dedication v
Contents vii
Contributors xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Introduction 1
History of Fish Farming 1
Today's Technology 1
Goals and Organization 2
Reference 3
1 United States of America 5
Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish 5
Warmwater Cultured Fish 14
Marine Culture 50
Restocking 58
Special Acknowledgments 59
References 60
2 Canada 67
Dr. Hugh R. MacCrimmoll
Imports 71
Marketing 71
Nutrition 77
Water Supplies and Use 77
Research and Education 79
Summary 80
Reference 81
3 Norway 83
Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) 84
vii
viii CONTENTS
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 88
Special Acknowledgments 91
4 Sweden 93
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon 93
(Salmo salar)b01
Special Acknowledgment 95
5 Denmark 97
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 97
Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 110
European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 110
Special Acknowledgments 111
References 111
6 Netherlands (Holland) 113
Text 113
Special Acknowledgments 114
7 Belgium and Luxembourg 117
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 117
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 118
Tench (Tinea tinea) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) 119
Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) 119
European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 119
Recreation Fishing 121
Total Supply 121
Outlook 122
Special Acknowledgments 122
References 122
8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) 125
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 125
Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 132
European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 140
Tench (Tinea tinea) 143
Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) 144
Recreation Fishing 144
Outlook 144
Special Acknowledgments 145
References 145
9 Switzerland 147
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 147
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 148
Other Cultured Fish 148
Outlook 152
Special Acknowledgments 152
References 152
10 Austria 155
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 155
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 156
Other Cultured Fish 157
CONTENTS IX
Sports Fishing 157
Outlook 158
Special Acknowledgments 158
11 Italy 161
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 161
European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 169
Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) 173
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 174
Brackish Water Culture 174
Outlook 177
Special Acknowledgments 179
References 179
12 France 181
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 181
Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 201
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 201
European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 202
Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 205
Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) 205
Hydrologic Information 207
Special Acknowledgments 208
References 208
13 Spain 211
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 211
Other Freshwater Fish 211
Marine Culture 212
European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 212
Outlook 212
Special Acknowledgments 213
14 Portugal 215
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 215
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 215
Marine Culture 216
Outlook 216
Special Acknowledgments 216
15 United Kingdom 219
Shawn R. Prescott
Rainbow Trout 219
Salmon 221
Dover Sole and Turbot 222
Eels 222
Crayfish 222
Carp 223
Other Species 223
Outlook and Conclusions 223
Some Government Research Laboratories 224
References 224
x CONTENTS
16 Ireland 227
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 227
European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 228
Outlook 228
Special Acknowledgments 229
17 Poland 231
Marian Leopold
Pond Fish Farming 231
Lake Fish Farming 237
Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs 246
Other Forms of Fish Culture 248
Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland 248
Outlook 251
References 255
18 Czechoslovakia 257
Jan Vacek
River Management 263
Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish 264
Research and Technical Innovation 264
Economic Aspects of Fish Culture 266
Price of Fish 271
Outlook 271
References 271
19 European USSR 273
Akiro Homma and Hiroshi Shibukawa
Text 273
20 Hungary 279
Karoly Pinter
Pond Farming 280
Trout Farming 284
Fish Production in Water Reservoirs 284
Utilization of Backwater Areas 286
Fish Production in Cages 289
Operational Economics 289
Marketing 291
References 294
21 Asian USSR 297
Clinton E. Atkinson
Salmon 298
References 305
22 Republic of Korea 309
Koo-Byong Park
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 310
Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) 312
Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 316
Others 318
Outlook 320
Special Acknowledgments 320
References 321
CONTENTS Xl
23 Japan 323
E. Evan Brown and S. Nishimura
Freshwater Cultured Fish 323
Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp 366
Restocking 385
Special Acknowledgments 386
References 387
24 People's Republic of China 391
Clinton E. Atkinson
The Area 393
Freshwater Aquaculture 394
Marine Aquaculture 409
Special Acknowledgments 411
References 411
25 Taiwan 415
Dr. Hsi-Huang Chen
Milkfish (Chanos chanos! 418
Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica! 420
Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicusJ 422
Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalusJ 423
Shrimp 425
Carp 425
Outlook 426
Reference 426
26 Israel 429
Dr. G.W. Wohlfarth
History 429
Ponds 430
Production Methods 431
Propagation 431
Feeding 432
Fertilizing and Manuring 433
Fish Stocked in Production Ponds 433
Genetic Improvement 435
Marketing 435
Diseases and Parasites 436
Equipment 436
Extension Service 436
Research 437
Future Trends 437
Special Acknowledgments 438
References 438
27 Thailand 441
Wiang Chuapoehuk
History of Aquaculture 441
Aquaculture Practices and Techniques 442
Marketing System 456
References 456
