Table Of ContentY
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Team-Fly®
Wireless IP and Building
the Mobile Internet
The Artech House Universal Personal
Communications Series
Ramjee Prasad, Series Editor
CDMAforWirelessPersonalCommunications,RamjeePrasad
IP/ATMMobileSatelliteNetworks,JohnFarserotuandRamjeePrasad
OFDMforWirelessMultimediaCommunications,RichardvanNeeandRamjeePrasad
RadiooverFiberTechnologiesforMobileCommunicationsNetworks,
HamedAl-RaweshidyandShozoKomaki,editors
SimulationandSoftwareRadioforMobileCommunications,HiroshiHaradaand
RamjeePrasad
TDD-CDMAforWirelessCommunications,RiazEsmailzadehandMasaoNakagawa
ThirdGenerationMobileCommunicationSystems,RamjeePrasad,WernerMohr,and
WalterKonhäuser,editors
TowardsaGlobal3GSystem:AdvancedMobileCommunicationsinEurope,Volume1,
RamjeePrasad,editor
TowardsaGlobal3GSystem:AdvancedMobileCommunicationsinEurope,Volume2,
RamjeePrasad,editor
UniversalWirelessPersonalCommunications,RamjeePrasad
WCDMA:TowardsIPMobilityandMobileInternet,TeroOjanperäand
RamjeePrasad,editors
WidebandCDMAforThirdGenerationMobileCommunications,TeroOjanperäand
RamjeePrasad,editors
WirelessIPandBuildingtheMobileInternet,SudhirDixitandRamjeePrasad,editors
WLANSystemsandWirelessIPforNextGenerationCommunications,NeeliPrasadand
AnandPrasad,editors
ForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouseMobileCommunicationSeries,
pleaseturntothebackofthisbook.
Wireless IP and Building
the Mobile Internet
Sudhir Dixit
Ramjee Prasad
Editors
Artech House
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
WirelessIPandbuildingthemobileInternet / SudhirDixit,RamjeePrasad,editors.
p. cm.—(ArtechHouseuniversalpersonalcommunicationsseries)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-354-X(alk.paper)
1.WirelessInternet. 2.TCP/IP(Computernetworkprotocol). 3.Wireless
communicationsystems. I.Dixit,Sudhir. II.Prasad,Ramjee. III.Series.
TK5103.4885.W572 2002
621.382’12—dc21
2002027778
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
WirelessIPandbuildingthemobileInternet.—(ArtechHouseuniversalpersonal
communicationsseries)
1.WirelessInternet—Congresses 2.Mobilecommunicationsystems—Congresses
3.TCP/IP(Computernetworkprotocol)—Congresses
I.Dixit,Sudhir II.Prasad,Ramjee III.InternationalSymposiumonWireless
PersonalMultimediaCommunications(4th:2001:Aalborg,Denmark)
621.3'845
ISBN 1-58053-354-X
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman.TextdesignbyDarrellJudd
©2003SudhirDixitandRamjeePrasad
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbook
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshave
beenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinforma-
tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade-
markorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-354-X
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2002027778
10987654321
TomywifeAsha,daughterSapna,andsonAmar,whohavebeenendlesssourcesof
strength, encouragement, and purpose in my life
—Sudhir Dixit
TomywifeJyoti,toourdaughterNeeli,tooursonsAnandandRajeev,andtoour
granddaughters Sneha and Ruchika
—RamjeePrasad
.
Chapter
Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
Chapter1 WirelessIP 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Wireless IP 1
1.3 Challenges for the Heterogeneous Environment 4
1.4 QoS and Resource Management 5
1.4.1 QoSNetworkModel 8
1.4.2 ResourceManagementProblems 9
1.5 Seamless Mobility and IP 10
1.6 Ubiquity and Dynamic Ad Hoc Networks 11
1.7 Security Considerations 12
1.8 Concluding Remarks 13
References 14
PartI:WirelessIPEvolution 15
Chapter2 EvolutiontoWirelessIP 1177
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Motivation for High Data Rates and IP 18
2.3 Radio Interface Technologies 20
2.4 Cost Advantages of 3G Wireless IP 22
2.5 Technology Trade-Offs for 3G Voice and Data 23
2.6 Other Market Segments 24
2.7 Open Application Platforms for Wireless Devices 25
2.8 Concluding Remarks 26
Chapter3 Wide-AreaWirelessIPConnectivitywiththeGeneralPacket
RadioService 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 GPRS Overview 28
3.2.1 GPRSBearers 30
vii
viii CONTENTS
3.2.2 GPRSProtocols 31
3.3 Attach Procedure 34
3.4 Setting Up PDP Contexts 37
3.4.1 RoutingandTunneling 40
3.5 Mobility Handling 41
3.5.1 CellChange 43
3.5.2 Intra-SGSNRoutingAreaChange 44
3.5.3 Inter-SGSNRoutingAreaChange 45
3.6 Summary 47
References 47
Chapter4 3GNetworksandStandards 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Evolution from 2G to 3G 50
4.3 3G and Its Releases 51
4.3.1 Release3(R3) 54
4.3.2 Release4(R4) 56
4.3.3 Release5(R5) 57
4.4 3G Deployment Scenario 59
4.5 Conclusion: Impact on the Existing Network 61
References 64
Chapter5 UTRANEvolutiontoanAll-IPArchitecture 67
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 3GPP Reference Model 68
5.3 UTRAN Overview 72
5.3.1 SONET/SDH 73
5.3.2 ATM 74
5.4 UTRAN Transport Network 74
5.4.1 LIPE 76
5.4.2 CIP 78
5.4.3 MPLS 79
5.4.4 PPPmux/AAL5/ATM 81
5.4.5 PPP/AAL2 81
5.5 Comparison of IP-over-SONET and IP-over-ATM 82
5.5.1 ProtocolOverheads 82
5.5.2 BandwidthManagement 83
5.5.3 NetworkManagement 83
5.5.4 QoS 83
5.5.5 FlowControl 84
5.6 Summary 84
References 85
Wireless IP and Building the Mobile Internet
CONTENTS ix
Chapter6 Beyond3G:4GIP-BasedMobileNetworks 87
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 Drivers for the 4G Architecture 88
6.2.1 SupportforIP-BasedTraffic 88
6.2.2 ExcellentMobilitySupport 89
6.2.3 SupportforManyDifferentWirelessTechnologies 90
6.2.4 FreefromUnnecessaryOperatorLinkage 90
6.2.5 SupportforEnd-to-EndSecurity 91
6.3 4G Architecture and Research Issues 92
6.4 4G Research Efforts 94
6.5 The NTRG 4G Test Bed 96
6.5.1 TheLayeredArchitecture 96
6.5.2 WirelessAlternatives 97
6.5.3 SoftwareRadio 97
6.5.4 RoutingProtocols 98
6.5.5 EmulationFacilities 98
6.5.6 TheSecurityArchitecture 100
6.5.7 Real-TimePayment 101
6.5.8 Applications 102
6.6 Concluding Remarks 102
References 103
Chapter7 AdHocNetworks:AMobileIPv6Viewpoint 105
7.1 Introduction 105
7.1.1 AdHocNetworks 106
7.1.2 IPv6 110
7.2 Mobility of Ad Hoc Devices 113
7.3 Ad Hoc Mobility 114
7.3.1 Flooding 115
7.3.2 ProactiveRoutingProtocols 115
7.3.3 ReactiveRoutingProtocols 116
7.3.4 HybridRoutingProtocols 116
7.3.5 ProtocolsThatMakeUseoftheKnownPhysicalLocation 117
7.4 Macro-Mobility: Mobile IP 117
7.5 Micro-Mobility 119
7.5.1 CellularIP 119
7.6 A Mechanism to Provide Global Connectivity for
7.6 Ad Hoc Devices 121
7.6.1 Addressing 121
7.6.2 FindinganAR 122
7.6.3 ObtainingaCOA 123
7.6.4 CommunicatingwithanAR 124
7.6.5 SwitchingBetweenAdHocandGlobalCommunication 124
Wireless IP and Building the Mobile Internet
