Table Of ContentvANCIENT
CHRISTIAN
DOCTRINE
5
We Believe in
I .
One Holy Catholic
and Apostolic Church
I
EDITED BY
01
ANGELO BERARDINO
SERIES EDITOR
C.
THOMAS GDEN
~
. IVP Academic
An lmprlnt of loterVarslty Press
Downers Grove, 1I11no15
©2010 by Institutejor Classical Christian Studies (ICCS), Thomas C. Oden and Angelo Di Berardino.
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The Scripture quotatiolls quoted herein arefrom the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1946, 1952, 1971 by th, Division ofChristian
Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in th, U.S.A. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Selected excerpts from Edward Yarnold, The Awe-Inspiring Rites ofInitiation: Baptismal Homilies of the Fourth Century, ©1972; Robert Mur
ray, Symbols of Church and Kingdom: A Study in Early Syriac Tradition, ©2006. Reprinted with th, permission of the publisher, The Continuum
International Publishing Group, London and N,w York..
Selected excerpts jrom Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, ©1947-, used by permission ofn" Catholic University of America Press, Washing
ton,D.C.
Selected excerpts jrom New Testament Apocrypha, edited by Wilhelm Schneeme/cher, English translation edited by R. McL. Wilson, 2 vols ..
©1991-1992. Reprinted by permission ojJ ames Clarke, Cambridge, England, and Westminst,r John Knox, Louisville, Ky.
Selected excerpts jrom Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Her mas: A Commentary, Hennen';a, ©1999. Reprinted by permission of Fortress Press,
Minneapolis, Minn.
Selected excerpts from Ernest Evans, ed. and trans., Tertullian: Adversus Marcionem, 2 vols., ©1972. Reprinted by permission oJ Oxford University
Press.
Selected excupts from Ernest Evans, tratlS., Tertullian's Treatise on the Resurrection, ©1960; Ernest Evans, trans., Tertullian's Homily on Bap ..
tism, ©1964. Reprinted by permission oj SPCK, London.
Selected excerpts from The Works of Saint Augustin" A Translation for the 21st Century, edited by John E. Rotelle, ©1990-. Used by permission of
the Augustinian Heritage Institute.
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Library ofCongres. Cataloging-in-Publication Data
We believe in one holy ~atholic and Apostolic Church/edited by
Angelo Di Berardino.
p. cm.-(Ancient Christian doctrine; 5)
Includes bibliographical references and ind,xes.
ISBN 978-0-8308-2535-6 (hardcover: alk. paper)
1. church-Marks. I. Di Berardino, Angelo.
BV601.W42009
262'.72-dc22
2009032098
P 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Y 31 30. 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
CONSULTING EDITORS
Bishop Kallistos Ware, Oxford
Bishop Stephen Sykes, Durham
Prof. Augustine DiNoia, Rome
Prof. James 1. Packer, Vancouver
I
The Creed
Nicene~Constantinopolitan
mOTEUO/JSV si, Eva eEOV Credo in unum Deum We believe in one God,
TTanpa. TTavToKpaTopa. Patrem omnipotentem; the Father, the Almighty,
TTOI1jn)V oupavou Ka; yij,. factorem coeli et terrae. maker of heaven and earth.
opaTC;)v TE TTaVTC.)V Ka; aopam)v. visibilium omnium et invisibilium. of all that is. seen and unseen.
Ka; Ei, Eva KUPlDv "1jOOUV XpIOTOV. Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
TOV viov TOU SEOU TOV /JovoYEVT1. Filium Dei unigenitum. the only Son of God,
n:;v EK TOU TTaTpo, YEw1j8eVTa et ex Patre natum eternally
rrpo 7TCxvrCULl nilv a;CA5vc.Jv, ante omnia saecula begotten of the Father,
tjJriJ, iK tjJwT/5,. Deum de Deo. Lumen de Lumine. God from God, Light from Light,
SEOV aA1j8,VoV iK 8EOU aA1j8,voU. Deum verum de Deo vero. true God from true God,
YEw1j8evTa. ou TTOI1jBevTa. genitum. non factum, begotten, not made,
o/JOOVatOV Tefl TTClrp;' consubstantialem Patri; of one Being with the Father.
01' ou Ta TTaVTa EyEVETO' per quem omnia facta sunt; Through him all things were mllde.
TOV 01' ~/Ja, TOlis-av8pc.JTToV' qui propter nos homines For us
Ka; Ola n)V ~/JETepav oWT1jpiav et propter nos tram salutem and for our salvation
KaTE),8ovTa iK TriJV oupavriJv descendit de coelis, he clime down from heaven:
Ka; oapKw81VTa iK TTvEu/JaTOS' ayiov et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto by the power of the Holy Spirit
Ka; MapiaS' rijS' TTap8EVOv ex Maria virgine, he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary,
Ka; Evav8pwmjoavTa. et homo factus est; and was made man.
oTavpw8eVTa TE UTTEP ~/JriJv crucifixus etiam pro nobis For our sake he was crucified
ETT; TTOVTiov T71),CtTOV. sub Pontio Pilato, under Pontius Pilate;
Ka; TTa80vTa Ka; Tat/JEvTa. pass us et sepultus est; he suffered death and was buried.
KO'; avO'oTaVTa 'rfi TpiT(/ ~/1ipt;X et resurrexit tertia die, On the third day he rose again
KO'Ta TaS' ypatjJaS'. secundum Scripturas; in accordance with the Scriptures;
KCX; clVEA86vTC1 sis-TOUS oupavous, et ascendit in coelum. he ascended into heaven
KO'; Ka8Eso/JEVOV sedet and is seated
EK &~lriJV TOU TTaTpoS'. ad dexteram Patris; at the right hand of the Father.
Ka; TTaAlv EPXO/JEVOV /JETa ~1jS' et iterum venturus est, cum gloria, He will come again in glory
Kp'ival ~riJvTa, Ka; VEKpOU,· judicare vivos et mortuos; to judge the living and the dead,
oJ rij, {3aOlAE/aS' Ot/K iOTaI TEAOS'. cujus regni non erit finis. and his kingdom will have no end.
KCX; EIs-TO TTJlEU/Ja TO aYlov, Et in Spiritum Sanctum, We believe in the Holy Spirit,
TO ,ruprov, Kat TO ,CVOrrOIl)V, Dominum et vivificantem, the Lord, the giver of life ,
TO Ef( TOO rrClTpOs-EKrropEuOpEVOV, qui ex Patre Filioque procedit; who proceeds from the Father and the Son.
TO aUv TTO'TPI KO'I vicjl qui cum Patre et Filio With the Father and the Son
OU/JTTPOOKVVOU/JEVOV KO'/ ouvoo~a~O/JEvoV. simul adoratur et conglorificatur; he is worshiped and glorified.
TO AaAijoO'v Olli TriJV TTPOtjJ1jTriJV' qui locutus est per Prophetas. He has spoken through Ihe Prophets.
.is' /J/av. ariav. Ka80AllalV Et unam, sanctam. catholicam We believe in one holy catholic
KO'I aTTooTO),IKJjv EKKA1jofav et apostolicam ecclesiam. and apostolic Church.
o/Jo).0YOU/JEV EV {3aTTTlo/Ja Confiteor unum bllptismll We acknowledge one baptism
EiS' atjJEolv a/JapTlriJv' in remissionem pecclltorum; for the forgiveness of sins.
TTPOOOO/(riJ/JEV avaomol v VEKpriJV. el expecto resurrectionem mortuorum, We look for the resurrection of the dead,
/(0'1 ~wi/v TOU /Je).).ovTOS' aic.SvoS'. 'A/1qv. el vilam venturi saeculi. Amen. and the life of the world 10 come. Amen.
CONTENTS
A Guide to Using the Commentaries in the Ancient Christian
Doctrine Series . . . . . vii
Abbreviations . lX
Introduction . xiii
We Believe in One Holy Catholic and
Apostolic Church: The Church. . . 1
I
We Believe in One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church:
One Holy Catholic and Apostolic. 54
We Acknowledge One Baptism 87
For the Forgiveness of Sins . . 112
We Look for the Resurrection of the Dead. 139
And the Life of the World to Come:
Blessedness and Condemnation 175
And the Life of the World to Come:
Christ's Return, the Judgment and Eternal Life 214
Conclusion of the Ancient Christian Doctrine Series. . 269
Outline of Contents . . . . . . . . . . 276
List of Ancient Authors and Texts Cited. .279
Biographical Sketches & Short Descriptions of Select
Anonymous Works . . . . . . . . . . .283
Timeline of Writers of the Patristic Period. .304
Author/Writings Index . 310
Scripture Index . . . . 312
A GUIDE TO USING THE COMMENTARIES
IN THE ANCIENT CHRISTIAN
DOCTRINE SERIES
Several features have been incorporated into the design of this commentary series. The follow
ing comments are intended to assist readers in making full use of each of the volumes.
Sections of the Creed
The five commentaries are first and foremost a phrase-by-phrase commentary on the Nicene
Constantinopolitan Creed. The portion of the Creed for each individual volume has been set in
three languages-Greek, Latin and English-with the appropriate phrase under consideration
highlighted in bold font in each language. Numerous English translations have been developed
I
in recent years; we have used the ICET version of 1975 because of its current wide use.
Historical Contexts and Overviews
Following each section of the Creed is a short section labeled HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Where
wording of the Creed reflects the culmination of discussions of highly controverted issues, read
ers are offered a brief summary of the controversy and the issues at stake in order for them to
make more sense of the selections set forth. Where doctrine developed harmoniously without
much controversy, that fact is noted and a brief description of the development of the doctrine
is supplied. Following the historical context is a section labeled OVERVIEW, designed to provide
a precis of the ensuing section's excerpts. It tracks a reasonably cohesive thread of argument
among patristic comments, even though they are derived from diverse sources and generations.
Topical Headings
An abundance of varied patristic comment is available for each phrase of the Creed. At the same
time the Creed itself forms a skeleton for supporting the larger doctrinal convictions of the
church. Thus the commentary on the Creed can show the full range of the church's systematic
theological concerns. For this reason we have broken the sections of the Creed into two levels.
First are subsections that group common themes within the patristic comments. Then each in
dividual patristic comment is tagged by a key phrase, metaphor or idea that suggests the essence
of the excerpt.
Identifying the Patristic Texts
Following the topical heading of each excerpt, the name of the patristic commentator is given.
An English translation of the patristic comment is then provided. This is immediately followed
VII
WE BELIEVE IN ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND ApOSTOLIC CHURCH
by the title of the patristic work in English and the appropriate textual reference-usually book,
section and subsection. If the notation differs significantly between the English-language source
footnoted and other sources, alternate references appear in the notes.
The Footnotes
Readers who wish to pursue a deeper investigation of the patristic works cited in this com
mentary will find the footnotes espec.i::dly valuable. A footnote number directs the reader to the
notes at the bottom of the right-hand column, where in addition to other notations (clarifica
tions or biblical cross references) is found information on English translations (where available)
or standard original language editions of the work cited. An abbreviated citation (normally
citing the book, volume and page number) of the work is provided. A key to the abbreviations
is provided in the front matter. Where there is any serious ambiguity or textual problem in the
selection, we have tried to reflect the best available textual tradition. Where original language
texts have remained untranslated into English, we provide new translations. Wherever current
English translations are already well rendered, they are utilized, but where necessary they are
stylistically updated. A single asterisk (*) indicates that a previous English translation has been
updated to modern English or amended for easier reading. A double asterisk (**) indicates either
that a new translation has been provided or that some extant translation has been significantly
amended.
Outline of Contents, List of Ancient Authors and Texts Cited, and Index
In lieu of a subject index, a full outline of the sections and subsections has been included in the
back matter of each volume. This should aid readers in finding specific theological content and
make the volumes all the more useful for the study of historical and systematic theology. Each
volume contains a list of ancient authors and texts cited, as well as a full Scripture index.
Biographical Sketches and Timeline
Many readers will find helpful brief biographical sketches of the patristic writers as well as a
timeline placing them within the proper century and geographical location. Rather than repeat
ing the sketches and timeline in each volume, we have decided to gather them at the conclusion
of volume five. Similarly, we have supplied the general introduction to the series only in volume
one. For any readers who have not purchased the whole set, the general introduction, sketches
and timeline may be found online at www.ivpress.com by searching for the series information
and following the appropriate links.
VIti
ABBREVIATIONS
ACCS Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. Edited by Thomas C. Oden. 29
vols. Downers Grove, Il1.: InterVarsity Press, 1998-2010.
ACW Ancient Christian Writers: The Works of the Fathers in Translation. Mahwah,
N.J.: Paulist Press, 1946-.
AIRI Edward Yarnold. The Awe-Inspiring Rites of Initiation: Baptismal Homilies of the
Fourth Century. Slough, U.K.: St. Paul Publications, 1972.
ANF A. Roberts and J. Donaldson, eds. Ante-Nicene Fathers. 10 vols. Buffalo, N.Y.:
Christian Literature, 1885-1896. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1951-1956.
Reprint, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.
BTAM T. Herbert Bindley, trans. Tertullian's Address to Martyrs. Oxford: Clarendon,
1891.
I
CCL Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1953-.
CER Origen. Commentarii in Epistulam ad Romanos. Edited by T. Heither. 5 vols.
Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1990-1995.
CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium. Louvain, Belgium, 1903-.
CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Vienna, 1866-.
DACL Dictionnaire d 'archeologie chretienne et de liturgie. Edited by Fernand Cabrol. Paris:
Letouzey et Ane, 1907-1953.
DAP Irenaeus. The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching. Translated by J. Armitage
Robinson. London: SPCK, 1920.
DLSB The Divine Liturgy ofO ur Father Among the Saints Basil the Great: He TheiaLeitourgia
ton en hagiois patras hemon Vasileiou tou Megalou: A New Translation by Members
of the Faculty of Hellenic College/Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology,
edited with additional translation by Fr. Nomikos M. Vaporis (Brookline, Mass.:
Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 1988). Available at <www.goarch.org/en/chapel!
liturgical_texts/basi1.asp>.
DSG Gregory the Great. The Dialogues of Saint Gregory. Translated by P[hilip]
W[oodward] and printed at Paris in 1608. Reedited with an introduction and
notes by Edmond G. Gardner. London: P. 1. Warner, 1911.
ECS Everett Ferguson. Early Christians Speak: Faith and Life in the First Three Centu
ries. 3rd. ed. Abilene, Tex.: ACU Press, 1999.
ESHS Thomas Joseph Lamy, ed. Sancti Ephraem Syri hymni et sermones. 4 vols. Mechelen,
Belgium, 1882-1902.
FC Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. Washington, D.C.: Catholic Univer
sity of America Press, 1947-.
IX
WE BELIEVE IN ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND ApOSTOLIC CHURCH
FEF The Faith of the Early Fathers: A Source-book of Theological and Historical Passages
from the Christian Writings of the Pre-Nicene and Nicene Eras. Edited and trans
lated by W. A. Jurgens. 3 vols. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1970-1979.
GMDD Alan Garrow. The Gospel of Matthew's Dependence on the Didache. London: T & T
Clark, 2004.
HC Thomas Halton, ed. The Church. MFC 4. Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier,
1985.
HPO Andre de Halleux. Patrologie et oecumenisme: Recueil d' etudes. Bibliotheca Ephe
meridum theologicarum Lovaniensium 93. Leuven: Leuven University Press;
Leuven: Peeters, 1990.
ILCV Inscriptiones latinae christianae veteres. Edited by Ernst Diehl. 2nd ed. Berlin:
Apud Weidmannos, 1925-1967.
LAF Kirsopp Lake, ed. and trans. Apostolic Fathers. LCL. New York: Macmillan,
1912.
LCC J. Baillie et aI., eds. Library of Christian Classics. 26 vols. Philadelphia: West
minster Press, 1953-1966.
LCL Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: .
Heinemann, 1912-.
LF Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church. Oxford: John Henry Parker,
1838-1881.
ME F. Ledegang. Mysterium Ecclesiae: Images of the Church and Its Members in Origen.
Leuven: Leuven University Press; Leuven: Peeters, 2001.
MFC Message of the Fathers of the Church. Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier.
1983-1988. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992-.
NPNF P. Schaff et al., eds. A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of
the Christian Church. 2 series (14 vols. each). Buffalo, N.Y.: Christian Literature,
1887-1894. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952-1956. Reprint, Peabody,
Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.
NTAbh 15 K. Staab, ed. Pauluskommentare aus der griechischen Kirche: Aus Katenenhand
schriften gesammelt und herausgegeben (Pauline Commentary from the Greek
Church: Collected and Edited Catena Writings). NT Abhandlungen 15. Mun
ster in Westfalen: Aschendorff, 1933. (Commentators: Didymus the Blind of Al
exandria, pp. 6-44; Severian of Gabala, pp. 225-98; Theodore of Mopsuestia,
pp. 172-200; Theodoret of Cyr. pp. 226-460; Gennadius of Constantinople, pp.
118-19; Oecumenius, pp. 432-46.)
NTAp New Testament Apocrypha. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. English transla
tion edited by R. McL. Wilson. 2 vols. Cambridge: Clarke; Louisville, Ky.: West-
minster John Knox Press, 1991-1992.
x
