WDM Technologies: Optical Networks

336 Pages·2004·6.87 MB·English

by  Achyut K. Dutta, Niloy K. Dutta, Masahiko Fujiwara

WDM TECHNOLOGIES:
OPTICAL NETWORKS
VolumeIII
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WDM TECHNOLOGIES:
OPTICAL NETWORKS
Volume III
Editedby
Achyut K. Dutta
BanpilPhotonics,Inc.
SanJose,California,USA
Niloy K. Dutta
UniversityofConnecticut
Storrs,Connecticut,USA
MasahikoFujiwara
NECElectronics,Corporation
Nakahara-Ku,Kawasaki,Japan
Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London NewYork Oxford
Paris SanDiego SanFrancisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
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WDMtechnologies:opticalnetworks/editedbyAchyutK.Dutta,NiloyK.Dutta,
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p.cm.
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ISBN0-12-225263-2(alk.paper)
1.Wavelengthdivisionmultiplexing.I.Dutta,AchyutK.II.Dutta,N.K.(NiloyK.),
1953-III.Fujiwara,Masahiko.
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(cid:1)
621.3827–dc22
2004048502
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Dedicatedtoourparents,
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Contents
Contributors xiii
Foreword:TheWDMRevolution xv
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter1 Overview 1
AchyutK.Dutta,NiloyK.Dutta,andMasahikoFujiwara
1.1. Prospectus 1
1.2. OrganizationandFeaturesoftheWDMTechnologiesSeries 4
1.3. SurveyofVolumeIII,WDMTechnologies:OpticalNetworks 5
1.3.1. PartI:WDMandTDMPerspectives 5
1.3.2. PartII:CriticalTechnologies 6
1.3.3. PartIII:Applications:Local/ComputerWDMNetworks 8
References 9
Part1 OverviewandWDM/TDMPerspectives 11
Chapter2 OTDMandWDMforLarge-ScalePhotonicNetworks 13
HideyukiSotobayashiandTakeshiOzeki
2.1. OTDMandWDMforLarge-ScalePhotonicNetworksastheGlobal
InformationInfrastructure 13
2.2. UltrafastPhotonicProcessing 18
2.3. Wavelength-BandGeneration 25
2.3.1. OperatingPrincipleofSimultaneousWavelength-Band
GenerationofFrequency-StandardizedDWDMinCS-RZFormat 26
2.3.2. ExperimentsandResults 26
2.3.3. SummaryofSection2.3 32
2.4. FormatConversion 33
2.4.1. OperatingPrinciple 33
2.4.2. ExperimentsandDiscussions 33
2.4.3. SummaryofSection2.4 36
2.5. Wavelength-BandConversion 38
2.5.1. HNL-DSFWavelengthConverter 39
2.5.2. Ultrafast640-to-10Gb/sOTDMDEMUX 40
vii
viii Contents
2.5.3. C-to-LWavelength-BandConversionofa640Gb/s
OTDMSignal 41
2.5.4. L-to-CWavelength-BandConversionofa640Gb/s
OTDMSignal 43
2.5.5. SummaryofSection2.5 47
2.6. Polarization-ModeDispersionandItsEqualization 47
2.6.1. Polarization-ModeDispersionEqualization 48
2.6.2. NonlinearPolarization-ModeDispersionEqualization 51
2.6.3. SummaryofSection2.6 56
2.7. Conclusion 57
References 57
Part2 CriticalTechnologies 63
Chapter3 OpticalPathCross-Connect 65
Ken-ichiSatoandMasafumiKoga
3.1. PathTechnologies 65
3.1.1. RoleofPath 65
3.1.2. ElectricalPathTechnologies 68
3.2. OpticalPathTechnologies 73
3.2.1. OpticalPath 73
3.2.2. CharacteristicsandBenefitsofOpticalPathNetworks 76
3.2.3. WavelengthPathandVirtualWavelengthPath 84
3.2.4. IPOverOpticalPathandPhotonicMPLS 87
3.3. OpticalPathCross-ConnectSystem 91
3.3.1. SystemArchitecture 93
3.3.2. OpticalSwitchComponentTechnologies 101
3.3.3. InterfaceTechnologies 108
3.3.4. FaultManagementandSupervisionTechnologies 112
References 114
Chapter4 OpticalPacketSwitching 119
SoichiroArakiandNaoyaHenmi
4.1. Architecture 119
4.1.1. GeneralPacket-SwitchArchitecture 119
4.1.2. OpticalPacket-SwitchArchitecture 122
4.2. Subsystems 125
4.2.1. SpaceDivisionSwitch 125
4.2.2. OpticalBufferMemory 126
4.2.3. PacketSynchronizer 128
4.2.4. BurstReceiver 130
4.3. DeviceTechnology 131
4.3.1. OpticalSwitch 131
4.3.2. OpticalImplementation 133
Contents ix
4.4. OpticalBurstSwitch 134
4.5. OpticalPacket-SwitchingTestbeds 135
4.5.1. NECTestbed 135
4.5.2. NTTTestbed 137
4.6. Summary 137
References 137
Chapter5 SubmarineNetworks 141
ShuYamamotoandTetsuyaMiyazaki
5.1. Outline 141
5.2. ProgressofOpticalSubmarineNetworks 142
5.3. SubmarineCableSystemsConfiguration 146
5.3.1. SubmergedPlant 146
5.3.2. StationEquipment 151
5.4. NetworkConfiguration 159
5.4.1. RingNetworks 160
5.4.2. Trunk-and-BranchNetworks 163
5.4.3. FestoonNetworks 164
5.4.4. MeshNetworks 164
5.5. NetworkImplementation 165
5.5.1. TransoceanicRingNetworkProtection 165
5.5.2. NetworkProtectionEquipment(NPE)andTPC-5CN 171
5.5.3. NetworkOperationandMaintenance 173
5.5.4. OpticalNetworkProtectionEquipment(ONPE)andJIHCable 175
5.6. FutureSubmarineNetworks 177
5.6.1. RecentProblemsinTraditionalSubmarineNetwork
Configuration 177
5.6.2. SurvivabilityandTopology 181
5.6.3. OXC-BasedMeshNetworksandTheirBenefitstoSubmarine
CableSystems 182
5.6.4. FutureNetworkServices 185
References 185
Part3 Applications 189
Chapter6 OpticalAccess/MetropolitanAreaNetwork
UsingWDM 191
ToshihikoSugieandKenjiOkada
6.1. Introduction 191
6.2. CurrentFeatures 191
6.3. CurrentStatusofOpticalTechnology 194
6.3.1. OpticalTechnologyforAccessandMetropolitanArea
Networks 194
6.3.2. WDMSchemes 194