Wave response of Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawaii

228 Pages·1996·7.9 MB·English

by  Thompson, Edward F

Technical Report CERC-96-11
December 1996
i:v:i
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Waterways Experiment
Station
Wave Response of Kahului Harbor,
Maui, Hawaii
by Edward F. Thompson, Lori L. Hadley, Willie Ann Brandon,
David D. McGehee, Jon M. Hubertz
Approved ForPublic Release; Distribution Is Unlimited
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Technical Report CERC-96-11
December 1996
Wave Response of Kahului Harbor,
Maui, Hawaii
by Edward F.Thompson, Lori L. Hadley,WillieAnn Brandon,
David D. McGehee,Jon M. Hubertz
U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers
WaterwaysExperimentStation
3909 HallsFerryRoad
Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
Pi
D~
,
!
Final report
Approvedforpublicrelease;distributionisunlimited
Preparedfor U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean
Ft. Shatter, HI 96858-5440
1 .
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Waterways Experiment
Station
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WaveresponseofKahuluiHarbor,Maui,Hawaii/byEdwardF.
Thompson...[etal.];preparedforU.S.ArmyEngineerDivision,
PacificOcean. —
224p. : ill. ;28cm. (Technicalreport;CERC-96-11)
Includesbibliogr—aphicrefe—rences. — —
1.Oceanw—aves Hawaii —Kahului. 2.Windwaves Hawaii Mau—i.
3. Harb—ors Hydrodynamics Mathematical models. 4. Harbors
Hawaii Maui. I.Thompson,EdwardF. II.UnitedStates.Army.Corpsof
Engineers. Pacific Ocean Division. III. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways
ExperimentStation. IV.CoastalEngineeringResearchCenter(U.S.Army
EngineerWaterwaysExperimentStation) V.Series:Technicalreport(U.S.
ArmyEngineerWaterwaysExperimentStation) ;CERC-96-11
TA7W34no.CERC-96-1
Contents
Preface ix
ConversionFactors,Non-SItoSIUnitsofMeasurement xi
Summary xii
—
1 Introduction 1
Background 1
StudyApproach 3
—
2 FieldWaveMeasurements 9
Planning 9
InstrumentTypeandSiteSelection 9
DataAcquisition 10
AnalysisMethods 15
Results 19
3—WindWaveandSwellClimate 34
Sources 34
DeepwaterWaveClimate 34
WaveClimateatKahuluiHarbor 37
—
4 NumericalModel 41
ObjectivesandApproach 41
ModelDescription 42
TestProceduresandCalculations 61
—
5 HarborResponsetoWindWavesandSwell 69
AmplificationFactors 69
EvaluationAgainstOperationalCriteriaforWindWavesandSwell 71
s
—
6 HarborOscillations 77
AmplificationFactors 77
EvaluationAgainstOperationalCriteriaforLongWaves 80
—
7 ConclusionsandRecommendations 88
References 92
AppendixA: FieldDataSummary Al
AppendixB: MeansandStandardDeviationsofAamp fromField
WaveGages Bl
AppendixC: SummaryTablesofExtremeEventsofH andH CI
s slong
AppendixD: WaveClimateSummary Dl
AppendixE: BasinLocationsforAlternativePlans El
AppendixF: WindWaveandSwellSummariesfromNumericalModel Fl
AppendixG: HarborOscillationSummariesfromNumericalModel Gl
AppendixH: ResonantAmplificationFactorandPhaseContourPlots,
AllPlans HI
AppendixI: Notation II
SF298
List of Figures
Figure 1. Studylocation 2
Figure2. KahuluiHarbor,existingplan 2
Figure3. Plan 1 5
Figure4. Plan2 5
Figure5. Plan3 6
Figure6. Plan4 6
Figure7. Plan5 7
Figure8. Plan6 7
Figure9. Plan7 8
Figure 10. Fieldgagelocationsandbathymetry,infeet 11
Figure 11. Waverose,NDBCbuoy51026,N.Molokai 13
Figure 12. Overviewofextremeinfragravitywaveevents;onlyevents
withHslong>15cmareshown(fromMcGehee(1995)) 14
Figure 13. InfluenceofspectralbandwidthonTp,non-overlappingbands;
array,3Jan94(1311) 18
Figure 14. InfluenceofspectralbandwidthonTp,overlappingbands(two-line
offset);array,3Jan94(1311) 18
Figure 15. Time-historyofHsand 6m(deg,goingtoward);array,Jan94 20
Figure 16. TimehistoryofHslong,Hs,and(7^^;harborgages,Jan94 21
Figure 17. Time-historyofA^^andAampl;harborgages,Jan94 22
Figure 18. Probabilitydistributionof(Tp)array;Nov93-Sep94,
1,785observations 23
Figure 19. Probabilitydistributionof(dj^;Nov93-Sep94,
1,785observations 23
Figure20. Averageandmaximumlongwavespectra,Jan94 26
Figure21. Longwavespectraforeventon2Jan94(2355)to3Jan94
(1900) 27
Figure22. Time-historyofamplificationofspecificresonant
peakfrequencies,Jan94 28
Figure23. Probabilitydistributionof(HsM>ng)array,Oct93-Mar95
(fromMerrifieldandOkihiro(1996)) 28
Figure24. Probabilitydistributionof(6jhuoy,fromNDBCbuoy51026,
N.Molokai,Oct93-Mar95(fromMerrifieldandOkihiro(1996)) . 29
Figure25. Scatterplotof(HsJong)arrayversus{HJbuoy(fromMerrifieldand
Okihiro(1996)) .' 29
Figure26. Harborclosingevent;arrayparameters 30
Figure27. Harborclosingevent;NDBCbuoywaveparameters 31
Figure28. Harborclosingevent;NDBCbuoymeteorologicalparameters .... 32
Figure29. Time-historyofselectedwaveparameters,arrayandNDBCbuoy,
winterof1993-4(fromMerrifieldandOkihiro(1996)) 33
Figure30. Locationmapforwaveclimatestudy 35
Figure31. Deepwaterwaveclimatecomparison,Hs 36
Figure32. Deepwaterwaveclimatecomparison,T 36
p
Figure33. Deepwaterwaveclimatecomparison, 6m(deg,comingfrom) 37
Figure34. Harborentrancewaveclimatecomparison,H 39
s
Figure35. Harborentrancewaveclimatecomparison,T 39
p
Figure36. Harborentrancewaveclimatecomparison, 6m(deg,comingfrom) . 40
Figure37. RepresentationofHARBDdomain 43
Figure38. Gridofexistingharbor 53
Figure39. Bathymetry,existingharbor 55
Figure40. Wavereflectioncoefficientvalues,shortwaves,existingharbor ... 55
Figure41. Modelshortwavecalibrationtofourstormevents 57
Figure42. Modelshortwavevalidationto 11 monthsofgagedata 58
Figure43. Modellongwavecalibration 59
Figure44. Longwavecomparisonofaveragegagespectraandmodel 60
Figure45. Incidentwavedirections 62
Figure46. Outputbasins,existingharbor 64
Figure47. Wilson'sthresholdofsurgedamageformooredships
(fromSeaberghandThomas(1995)) 65
Figure48. Exampleswellamplificationfactorcontours,existingharbor 70
Figure49. Comparisonof(A^)^averagedoverperiodsof10-20secat
piers,existingharborandPlans4b,6,and7(seeFigure46and
AppendixEforbasinlocations) 72
H
Figure50. Comparisonof sexceeded 10percentofthetimeatpiers 75
H
Figure51. Comparisonof sexceeded 1 percentofthetimeatpiers 76
Figure52. Harboroscillationdefinitions 77
Figure53. Longwaveresponse,existingharbor,Piers 1-3 79
Figure54. Resonantlongwaveamplificationfactorcontours,existing
harbor 81
Figure55. Resonantlongwavephasecontours,existingharbor 82
Figure56. LongwaveRMSamplificationfactorcomparisonatpiers,
7=100-400sec 83
Figure57. PercentoccurrenceofHshng>10cmatpiers,7=100-400sec 86
Figure58. PercentoccurrenceofHslong>10cmatpiers,7=30-100sec 87
List of Tables
Table 1. FieldWaveGages 11
Table2. SummaryStatistics,NDBCBuoy51026,N.Molokai 13
Table3. FieldWaveParameters 16
Table4. EffectofOverlappingBandsonTpEstimates,Array 19
Table5. FieldWaveGageParameterCorrelationCoefficients,Pier2,
Jan94 20
Table6. SourcesofWaveClimateInformation 35
Table7. EmpiricalRelationshipsBetweenDeepwaterand
KahuluiHarborEntrance 38
Table8. CriticalHARBDInputParametersandRangesofTypicalValues ... 47
Table9. GuidanceforChoosingy 49
Table 10. GuidanceforChoosings 50
Table 11. GridSizes 54
Table 12. ParameterValuesUsedinHARBD 56
Table 13. HarborAlternativesforNumericalModeling 56
Table 14. FieldCasesforShortWaveModelCalibration,Array 57
Table 15. SummaryofIncidentShortWaveConditions 61
Table 16. SummaryofIncidentLongWaveConditions 62
Table 17. ApproximateRelationshipsAmongT ,y,ands 63
Table 18. SlopeValuesDefinedbySeaberghandThomas' (1995)
LongWaveCriteria 68
Table 19. SignificantWaveHeightsExceeded 10Percentand 1 Percent
oftheTimeatFieldGages 74
Table20. PercentOccurrenceofHsJmgz10cmatFieldGages 84
Table21. PlanswithHp>\ ftLessThan 1 PercentoftheTime 90
Table22. PlanswithHslong>10cmLessThan 16PercentoftheTime,
100-to400-secPeriods 90
Table23. PlanswithHshng>10cmLessThan7PercentoftheTime,
30-to 100-secPeriods 91