water management system for solar irrigation system yassir fadhl mustafa ahmed index no. 124108

62 Pages·2017·2.56 MB·English

WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR SOLAR
IRRIGATION SYSTEM

By
YASSIR FADHL MUSTAFA AHMED
INDEX NO. 124108

Supervisor

Prof. Sami Sharif

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO

University Of Khartoum

In partial fulfillment for the degree of
B.Sc. (HONS) Electrical and Electronics Engineering
(POWER ENGINEERING)

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
October 2017
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
I declare this report entitled “Water management system for solar irrigation system” is my own
work except as cited in references. The report has been not accepted for any degree and it is not
.
being submitted currently in candidature for any degree or other reward
Signature: ____________________
Name: _______________________
Date: ________________________

ii
Dedication
I dedicate this work to the one who has enlighten my entire life my beloved mother.
To the one who has dedicated his life to me my respectful father.
Finally, I want to dedicate this humble work to all global warming fighters around the world.

iii
Acknowledgment
I want to give my sincere greetings and appreciations to our mentor Prof. Sami M. Sharif for
the great opportunity that he gave us and the experience that we have gained from the work in
NERC.
This whole work has been achieved after hard work and great effort with my classmate and
friend Mohammed Tariq I want to really thank him for having been with side by side.

iv
Abstract
Water extraction is one of the most serious problems facing
agricultural communities despite the fact that most of these communities’
lands are placed above huge water resource.
As it has been known the radiation is most important factor in generating
electric power from PV cells hence, the first step made in this project is
measuring the radiation. Then the water discharge of specific PV
pumping system has been measured in order to ensure the approximation
relationship has been made depending on the instantaneous solar
radiation. After that the two designs of solar pumping
is made with different well’s after studying the effect of both pipe’s
diameter and pipe’s material and the most fitted diameter, however pipe’s
material is chosen by making a tradeoff between the cost of power to be
supplied to the pump and the cost of the pipe
This project aim to provide such a solution of rural areas water supply
problem and end the age of using fossil fuel in term of subsiding the
carbon dioxide emissions.

v
صلختسملا
هذه يضارأ مظعم نا نم مغرلا يلع ةيعارزلا تاعمتجملا هجاوت يتلا لكاشملا مها نم هدحاو هايملا جارختسا دعي
.ةمخضلا ةيئاملا دراوم قوف دقرت ةيلحملا تاعمتجملا
ةوطخلا ناف هيلعو، هيئوضلا ايلاخلا نم ةيئابرهكلا ةقاطلا ديلوت يف هيمها رثكلأا لماعلا وه عاعشلإا نا فورعم وه امك
نم دوجوم ةيئوضورهكلا خض ماظن نم هايملا غيرفت سايق مت مث .عاعشلإا سايق يه عورشملا اذه يف تذختا يتلا يلولاا
خضلا ةمظنا نم نيماظنل نيميمصت لمع مت كلذ دعب .يظحللا يسمشلا عاعشلإل اعبت تمت يتلا ةيبيرقتلا ةقلاعلا نامض لجأ
.يسمشلا
نم ةيلعاف رثكلأا رطقلاو ةبسانملا بوبنلأا ةدام رايتخا متي،بوبنلال ةنوكملا داوملاو بوبنلأا رطق نم لك ريثات ةسارد دعب
.بيبانلأا هفلكتو خضل ةيفاكلا ةقاطلا هفلكت نيب ةنراقم لمع للاخ
دوقولا مادختسا رصع ءاهنإو ةيفيرلا قطانملا يف هايملا تادادمإ هلكشمل يداصتقا لح ريفوت ىلإ عورشملا اذه فدهي
.نوبركلا ديسكأ يناث تاثاعبنا نم دحلا و يروفحلاا.

vi
Contents
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................................................... ii
Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v
صلختسملا ........................................................................................................................................... vi
Contents ........................................................................................................................................ vii
List of figures .................................................................................................................................. x
List of tables .................................................................................................................................. xii
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... xiii
1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 14
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 14
Problem statement .......................................................................................................... 14
Why using solar energy is better than fossil fuel? ......................................................... 14
Motivation ...................................................................................................................... 15
Objective ........................................................................................................................ 15
Thesis layout .................................................................................................................. 15
2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 17
Historical background of photovoltaic energy ............................................................... 17
Photovoltaic (PV) modules ............................................................................................ 18
2.2.1 Types of PV cells .................................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 The effect of solar radiation levels and temperature ............................................... 19
vii
2.2.3 Ratings of a PV module .......................................................................................... 20
2.2.4 Efficiency and power .............................................................................................. 20
2.2.5 PV modules wiring ................................................................................................. 20
2.2.6 Solar cell efficiency ................................................................................................ 22
2.2.7 How to increase conversion efficiency ................................................................... 24
Solar radiation, irradiance and insolation:...................................................................... 28
2.3.1 Solar radiation ......................................................................................................... 28
2.3.2 Solar irradiance ....................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3 Solar insolation ....................................................................................................... 28
2.3.4 Seasonal and Latitude Variation ............................................................................. 29
2.3.5 Environmental Factors ............................................................................................ 29
PV Panel Orientation and Tracking ............................................................................... 29
Solar inverters ................................................................................................................ 30
2.5.1 Stand-alone inverters .............................................................................................. 31
2.5.2 Grid-tie inverters ..................................................................................................... 31
2.5.3 Battery backup inverters [clarification needed] ...................................................... 31
2.5.4 Solar pumping inverters .......................................................................................... 31
Water pumps .................................................................................................................. 32
2.6.1 Pumping methods.................................................................................................... 32
2.6.2 Pumping installation kinds ...................................................................................... 33
3 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 34
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 34
Radiation measurement: ................................................................................................. 35
Water discharge measurement: ...................................................................................... 36
viii
Radiation calculation ...................................................................................................... 36
Water discharge calculation: .......................................................................................... 37
Steps of designing PV pumping system: ........................................................................ 38
3.6.1 Requirements specifications: .................................................................................. 38
3.6.2 Site assessment: ...................................................................................................... 38
3.6.3 Pumping test............................................................................................................ 39
3.6.4 Pump design ............................................................................................................ 41
PV generation system ..................................................................................................... 43
4 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................... 44
Radiation calculations .................................................................................................... 44
Water discharge calculations .......................................................................................... 46
Design: ........................................................................................................................... 50
Case study: ............................................................................................................................. 50
5 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ....................................................... 57
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 57
Future work .................................................................................................................... 58
References .................................................................................................................................... 59
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C

ix
List of figures
Figure 2-1: relationship between ambient temperature and output power ................................... 19
Figure 2-2: Series PV modules connection ................................................................................... 21
Figure 2-3: Parallel PV modules connection ................................................................................ 21
Figure 2-4 PV I/V Curve............................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2-5: Effect of temperature on PV cell................................................................................ 23
Figure 2-6: Irradiance effect on PV cell ....................................................................................... 24
Figure 2-7 Maximum Power point ................................................................................................ 25
Figure 2-8 Fixed voltage method .................................................................................................. 26
Figure 2-9 P&O Case 1 ................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 2-10 P&O Case 2 ............................................................................................................... 27
Figure 2-11: Dynamic pump ......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 2-12: positive displacement pump ..................................................................................... 33
Figure 3-1: Pyranometer ............................................................................................................... 35
Figure 3-2: Pyranometer connected to multi-meter ...................................................................... 35
Figure 3-3: Water-meter ............................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3-3-4 Total dynamic head calculator ................................................................................. 43
Figure 4-1: Radiation vs Water discharge Curve .......................................................................... 45
Figure 4-2: Measured and calculated water discharge .................................................................. 46
Figure 4-3: PUMP 2 (20.07.2017) ................................................................................................ 47
Figure 4-4: Measured and calculated water discharge25.07.2017 ................................................ 49
Figure 4-5 Radiation vs Water discharge ...................................................................................... 49
x