University of Groningen Novel wood adhesives from bio-based materials and polyketones

137 Pages·2017·3.21 MB·English

University of Groningen

Novel wood adhesives from bio-based materials and polyketones
Hamarneh, Asal Ismat Mitri
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2010
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Hamarneh, A. I. M. (2010). Novel wood adhesives from bio-based materials and polyketones. s.n.
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Download date: 17-03-2023
Novel Wood Adhesives from Bio-based
Materials and Polyketones

Asal Ismat Mitri Hamarneh
The author thanks the University of Groningen for the financial support through the
Ubbo Emmius Scholarship.
RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN

Novel Wood Adhesives from Bio-based Materials and Polyketones

Proefschrift

te verkrijging van het doctoraat in de
Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen
aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
op gezag van de
Rector Magnificus, dr. F. Zwarts,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op
maandag 21 juni 2010
om 13.15 uur

door

Asal Ismat Mitri Hamarneh
geboren op 14 november 1980
te Amman, Jordanië
Promotores : Prof. dr. F. Picchioni
: Prof. dr. Ir. H.J. Heeres

Beoordelingscommissie : Prof. dr. A.A. Broekhuis
Prof. dr. A. Pizzi
Prof. dr. J.P.M. Sanders

ISBN: 978-90-367-4356-3
ISBN: 978-90-367-4357-0 (electronic version)
to:
Jos, my parents, Rand, Nadi and Rawd

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Wood adhesives based on natural sources: history and
development

1.1 Introduction; the history of wood adhesives 2
1.2 Classification of wood adhesives 3
1.3 Wood adhesives based on natural sources 4
1.3.1 Tannins-based wood adhesives 5
1.3.2 Lignin-based wood adhesives 7
1.3.3 Carbohydrate-based wood adhesives 8
1.3.4 Protein-based wood adhesives 10
1.3.4.1 Animal-base wood adhesives 10
1.3.4.2 Vegetable-based wood adhesives 12
1.3.4.2.1 Soy protein-based wood adhesives 12
1.4 New environmentally friendly synthetic wood adhesives
based on polyketones 17
1.5 Thesis outline 17
1.6 References 18

Chapter 2: Reactions of aliphatic polyketones with amino acids: a
flexible route to chiral polymeric surfactants

2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Experimental part 23
2.2.1 Materials 23
2.2.2 Analytical Measurements 23
2.2.2.1 1H-NMR 23
2.2.2.2 Elemental analysis 23
2.2.2.3 FT-IR spectra 23
2.2.2.4 Surface tension measurements 23
2.2.2.5 Fluorescence spectroscopy 24
2.2.2.6 Specific optical rotation 24
2.2.2.7 X-ray Photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) 24
2.2.3 Model component reactions of 2,5-hexanedione
i
with various amino acids: Determination of the kinetics by 1H-NMR 24
2.2.4 Model component reactions: Preparative reaction for
2,5-hexanedione with L-Lys 24
2.2.5 Preparative reactions of polyketones with
amino acids using conventional heating 25
2.2.6 Preparative reactions of polyketone and amino
acids using microwave heating. 26
2.3 Results and Discussion 26
2.3.1 Model reactions between 2,5-hexanedione and various
amino acids in NMR tubes 26
2.3.2 Preparative reactions: reaction between the model component
2,5-hexanedione and lysine 28
2.3.3 Preparative reactions of polyketones with various amino acids 28
2.3.3.1 Conventional heating 28
2.3.3.2 Reactions of polyketone and amino acids using microwave heating 31
2.3.3.3 Further insights in reactivity and product formation 32
2.3.4 Product Properties 35
2.4 Conclusions 38
2.5 Abbreviations 39
2.6 References 39

Chapter 3: Use of soy proteins in polyketone-based wood adhesives

3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 Experimental part 43
3.2.1 Materials 43
3.2.2 Emulsion preparation 43
3.2.3 Dynamic light scattering 46
3.2.4 Rheological analysis 46
3.2.5 Wood adhesive testing 47
3.2.6 Cryo scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) 47
3.2.7 Chain length calculations 47
3.2.8 Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy 48
3.3 Results and Discussion 48
ii
3.3.1 Wood adhesive tests 56
3.3.2 Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy 58
3.4 Conclusions 60
3.5 Abbreviations 61
3.6 References 61

Chapter 4: Soy proteins in polyketone-based wood adhesives:
mechanistic insight

4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Experimental part 65
4.2.1 Materials 65
4.2.2 Emulsion preparation 65
4.2.3 Rheological analysis 67
4.2.4 Wood adhesive testing 67
4.2.5 Drop tensiometry 67
4.2.6 Mathematical analysis and Modeling 68
4.3 Results and Discussion 68
4.3.1 Structure-property relationships 68
4.3.2 Role of protein in emulsion 73
4.4 Conclusions 77
4.5 Abbreviations 78
4.6 References 78

Chapter 5: Extraction of Jatropha curcas proteins and application in
polyketone-based wood adhesives

5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 Experimental Part 84
5.2.1 Materials 84
5.2.2 Preparation of dehulled defatted meal 84
5.2.3 Jatropha Curcas Protein Extraction 84
5.2.4 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS- PAGE Gel Electrophoresis) 85
iii