Understanding Jugaad: Multidisciplinary Approach

143 Pages·2016·6.82 MB·English

by  Sayan Chattopadhyay

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Understanding Jugaad:
Multidisciplinary Approach

Project Report
[No. R&D/HSS/2013371]

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur 208016

July 2016
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Contents

Contents-----2
List of Figures-----5
List of Images-----6
List of Video Films-----10
Acknowledgements-----11
Executive Summary-----12

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Project-----17
Research Questions-----18
Chapter 2: An Overview of the Report-----20
Chapter 3: Jugaad: The Concept and Its Limitations-----25
Jugaad: The Concept-----26
Innovation vs Jugaad-----27
Jugaad: The Strategy-----29
Limitations of Jugaad-----30
Quantitative Approach to Jugaad-----31
Chapter 4: Jugaad and Innovation-----35
Defining Innovation-----35
Defining Jugaad-----36
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Where Does Jugaad Thrive?-----37
Problem Solving-----39
Motivational Difference-----40
Chapter 5: Creativity and Innovation: A Psychological Perspective-----42
Creativity and Innovation-----42
The Question of Attitude-----47
An Engineer’s Perspective-----48
Real Innovation in Manufacturing-----52
An Interview with Kewal Dharamshi-----57
Chapter 6: Jugaad Captured on Films-----59
Jugaad Vans of Bengal-----59
Tyre Chapa-----69
Marriage Lighting----71
Mobile Sharpener------73
Mobile Edge Breaker-----75
Room Heater-----76
Jugaad Irrigation Companion (Bidi)-----78
Jugaad Separator Fan-----80
Jugaad Boring-----82
Diesel Fired Oven-----84
Diesel Gaadi-----86
Jugaad Loader-----88
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Jugaad Water Heater-----89
Jugaad Sarkanna-----90
Jugaad Turbine-----91
Chapter 7: Agricultural Alternatives-----94
Koop-----94
Mai-----95
Sprinkler Irrigation-----95
Tube Well and Hose-----96
Hand Blower-----98
Chapter 8: Jugaad Workshop-----101
Sarkanna-----101
Winnowing Fan-----110
Multi Jugaad Kit 2000-----121
Chapter 9: Bus Transport System: A case study on Kanpur-----127
Problems Faced by Bus drivers in Kanpur-----128
Jugaad Innovations in Buses-----136
Chapter 10: Conclusion-----140
References-----142
The Team-----143
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List of Figures
Figure 3.1: Dimensions of jugaad-----25
Figure 5.1: Gabriel Tarde’s S-shaped diffusion curve-----41
Figure 5.2: Theoretical model of jugaad-----45
Figure 8.1: Steps followed in the farming process-----95
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List of Images
Image 5.1: Koop-----42
Image 5.2: Mai-----43
Image 6.1: Jugaad van carrying people-----55
Image 6.2: Jugaad van under construction-----59
Image 6.3: Jugaad mechanic at work-----60
Image 6.4: Van with a motorcycle engine-----61
Image 6.5: Machines that make a jugaad van-----62
Image 6.6: Front view of the Jugaad van-----64
Image 6.7: Mechanic at work-----64
Image 6.8: Jugaad tyre chapa-----66
Image 6.9: Jugaad marriage lighting trolleys-----68
Image 6.10: Jugaad mobile sharpener-----70
Image 6.11: Jugaad mobile edge-breaker-----71
Image 6.12: Jugaad room heater-----71
Image 6.13: Jugaad bidi-----73
Image 6.14: Jugaad separator fan-----76
Image 6.15: Jugaad boring-----78
Image 6.16: Jugaad diesel-fired oven-----79
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Image 6.17: Jugaad gaadi-----80
Image 6.18: Jugaad loader-----81
Image 6.19: Jugaad water heater-----82
Image 6.20: Jugaad sarkanna-----84
Image 6.21: Jugaad turbine-----85
Image 7.1 : Mai in the field-----88
Image 7.2: Demonstration of sprinkler irrigation-----89
Image 7.3: Motor on which sprinklers run-----89
Image 7.4: Hose-----90
Image 7.5: Tube well-----91
Image 7.6: Furnace-----92
Image 7.7: Iron pipe-----92
Image 7.8: Fan-----93
Image 7.9: Handle to rotate the fan-----93
Image 8.1: Demonstration of sarkanna-----95
Image 8.2: Shaft attached to shovel head-----96
Image 8.3: Rope connected to shovel head-----96
Image 8.4: Shovel head-----97
Image 8.5: Sarkanna-----97
Image 8.6: T-shaped handle-----98
Image 8.7: Blisters on hand caused due to a slippery grip-----98
Image 8.8: Team members at work------99
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Image 8.9: Concept 1-----100
Image 8.10: Concept 2-----100
Image 8.11: Concept 3-----101
Image 8.12: Prototyping process-----101
Image 8.13: Grain and husk-----103
Image 8.14: Demonstration of winnowing fan and separation of chaff-----104
Image 8.15: Bicycle fan, concept 1-----105
Image 8.16: Bicycle fan, concept 2-----106
Image 8.17: Bicycle fan, concept 3-----106
Image 8.18: Natural material fan-----106
Image 8.19: Natural material fan made from bamboo-----107
Image 8.20: Chaff funnel-----107
Image 8.21: Tube-----108
Image 8.22: Slide-----109
Image 8.23: Spokes being removed and taped together-----109
Image 8.24: Bicycle part after creating blades-----110
Image 8.25: Frame-making-----111
Image 8.26: Welding process-----111
Image 8.27: The prototype-----112
Image 8.28: Multi-jugaad kit-----112
Image 8.29: Manual battery charger-----114
Image 8.30: Jugaadu pankha-----114
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Image 8.31: The prototype-----117
Image 9.1: Instrument console damaged due to excessive heat-----121
Image 9.2: Instrument cluster in bright light-----121
Image 9.3: Switches placed on top-----122
Image 9.4: Switches placed underneath the steering----123
Image 9.5: Small window aperture on Swaraj Mazda bus----124
Image 9.6: Heat boils and burn marks on a driver’s leg-----124
Image 9.7: Tiny external rear view mirrors-----125
Image 9.8: Bottle causing obstruction in the driver’s foot well area-----125
Image 9.9: Loose wires hanging from the instrument cluster-----126
Image 9.10: Bus driver without safety belt-----127
Image 9.11: Jugaad fan in driver’s cabin-----128
Image 9.12: A brick based solution with an aim to ease foot pain-----128
Image 9.13: Gear cooler to avoid engine heat from entering foot well-----129
Image 9.14: Jugaad based switch installation-----129
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List of Video Films

1. The Jugaad vans of Bengal 0:25:4
2. Jugaad tyre chapa 0:3:41
3. Jugaad marriage lighting trolleys 0:3:18
4. Jugaad mobile sharpener 0:4:18
5. Jugaad mobile edge-breaker 0:4:40
6. Jugaad room heater 0:2:47
7. Jugaad bidi 0:2:47
8. Jugaad separator fan 0:3:27
9. Jugaad boring 0:9:49
10. Jugaad diesel-fired oven 0:3:41
11. Jugaad gaadi 0:7:03
12. Jugaad loader 0:8:24
13. Jugaad water heater 0:3:33
14. Jugaad sarkanna 0;1:34
15. Jugaad turbine 8:9:14
16. Manual battery charger 7:35
17. Jugaad gadi 2 0:6:66
18. Tubewell 0:7:07